Ciprofloxacin sensitizes hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell
... be tested for 24 h on LNCaP). LNCaP cells were approximately 10 times more sensitive to doxorubicin than PC-3 cells for 48 and 72 h treatments. Therefore, the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin was cell line-dependent (Tables 1, 2). Median effect analysis of combined effects A constant IC50 ratio (eq ...
... be tested for 24 h on LNCaP). LNCaP cells were approximately 10 times more sensitive to doxorubicin than PC-3 cells for 48 and 72 h treatments. Therefore, the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin was cell line-dependent (Tables 1, 2). Median effect analysis of combined effects A constant IC50 ratio (eq ...
Notes of the design of bioequivalence study: emtricitabine/tenofovir
... the fasted state. Dolutegravir Tmax is observed at 2 to 3 hours post dose. Half-life of emtricitabine and tenofovir is 10 hours, whereas dolutegravir has a terminal half-life of approximately 14 hours. Administration of emtricitabine with a high-fat meal does not affect systemic exposure (AUC0-inf) ...
... the fasted state. Dolutegravir Tmax is observed at 2 to 3 hours post dose. Half-life of emtricitabine and tenofovir is 10 hours, whereas dolutegravir has a terminal half-life of approximately 14 hours. Administration of emtricitabine with a high-fat meal does not affect systemic exposure (AUC0-inf) ...
Atomoxetine for ADHD in children and adolescents
... Notify the consultant of any circumstances that may preclude the use of atomoxetine for example, the use of illicit drugs or contraindications to treatment. Seek urgent advice from secondary care if: Toxicity is suspected – seizures cardiac problems as above Non-compliance is suspected The GP ...
... Notify the consultant of any circumstances that may preclude the use of atomoxetine for example, the use of illicit drugs or contraindications to treatment. Seek urgent advice from secondary care if: Toxicity is suspected – seizures cardiac problems as above Non-compliance is suspected The GP ...
Considerations for Safe Medication Use in Chronic
... • Use caution in advanced renal disease due to decreased clearance and high risk of hypoglycemia • Manufacturer recommends adjusting doses based on CrCL for glipizide and glimepiride – Use conservative initial and maintenance glyburide doses • Monitoring: fasting blood sugar and symptoms of hypogl ...
... • Use caution in advanced renal disease due to decreased clearance and high risk of hypoglycemia • Manufacturer recommends adjusting doses based on CrCL for glipizide and glimepiride – Use conservative initial and maintenance glyburide doses • Monitoring: fasting blood sugar and symptoms of hypogl ...
S Theophylline again? Reasons for believing EDITORIAL
... Theophylline has been used for its bronchodilator properties, which are mediated by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, resulting in an increase in cAMP, thus relaxing airway smooth muscle. Dose–response studies showed an increasing acute bronchodilator response above plasma concentrations of 10 mg? ...
... Theophylline has been used for its bronchodilator properties, which are mediated by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, resulting in an increase in cAMP, thus relaxing airway smooth muscle. Dose–response studies showed an increasing acute bronchodilator response above plasma concentrations of 10 mg? ...
Methadone - Center for Substance Abuse Research
... related deaths, heroin users’ involvement in crime, the spread of AIDS, and also help users gain control of their lives.19 Addiction, Tolerance, Withdrawal, and Dependence Although methadone is intended to prevent narcotics addiction and dependence along with associated withdrawal symptoms, there is ...
... related deaths, heroin users’ involvement in crime, the spread of AIDS, and also help users gain control of their lives.19 Addiction, Tolerance, Withdrawal, and Dependence Although methadone is intended to prevent narcotics addiction and dependence along with associated withdrawal symptoms, there is ...
Ada_Dekhtyar
... added information about the results of those studies to the product labeling for oral contraceptives.55 A year later the labeling was revised to include the results of U.S. studies which confirmed the earlier British studies.56 In 1969, the results of ongoing research revealed that risks of blood cl ...
... added information about the results of those studies to the product labeling for oral contraceptives.55 A year later the labeling was revised to include the results of U.S. studies which confirmed the earlier British studies.56 In 1969, the results of ongoing research revealed that risks of blood cl ...
ASHP Guidelines on Surgery and Anesthesi
... automated anesthesia record keepers, collection and manipulation of medication-use information is greatly facilitated.11 Drug Information. The pharmacist should provide timely and accurate drug information in response to known needs and random inquiries. Inquiries may originate from any type of staf ...
... automated anesthesia record keepers, collection and manipulation of medication-use information is greatly facilitated.11 Drug Information. The pharmacist should provide timely and accurate drug information in response to known needs and random inquiries. Inquiries may originate from any type of staf ...
Topics
... How does one effectively manage the clinical drug supply chain in an adaptive trial? How do we get all the stakeholders aligned so the trial is ...
... How does one effectively manage the clinical drug supply chain in an adaptive trial? How do we get all the stakeholders aligned so the trial is ...
anti-hyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity of methanol leaf and
... (aspirin, 200 mg/kg body weight) and the three other groups received MENF at three different doses (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight). Each mouse was weighed properly and the doses of MENF, standard drug and control materials were adjusted accordingly. Test samples, control, and aspirin were given ...
... (aspirin, 200 mg/kg body weight) and the three other groups received MENF at three different doses (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight). Each mouse was weighed properly and the doses of MENF, standard drug and control materials were adjusted accordingly. Test samples, control, and aspirin were given ...
enzyme induction and inhibition
... metabolizing activity of the enzymes may be increased following administration of certain xenobiotics. When this results from the selective increase in the concentration of enzyme the term enzyme induction is used to describe the process (Goldberg, 1980). Likewise the activity of the hepatic drug me ...
... metabolizing activity of the enzymes may be increased following administration of certain xenobiotics. When this results from the selective increase in the concentration of enzyme the term enzyme induction is used to describe the process (Goldberg, 1980). Likewise the activity of the hepatic drug me ...
Chapter 1 Introduction
... 1. To master the feature and classification of the connective tissue. 2. To master the structure and function of varied composition of the loose connective tissue. Familiarizing content: 1. To know the features of fibers and composition of the matrix. 2. To know the basic structure and function of t ...
... 1. To master the feature and classification of the connective tissue. 2. To master the structure and function of varied composition of the loose connective tissue. Familiarizing content: 1. To know the features of fibers and composition of the matrix. 2. To know the basic structure and function of t ...
Seizure Management in Dogs and Cats
... effective, reaches steady-state quickly (2 weeks), safe for cats. Disadvantages include that it is a controlled substance and side effects. Side effects include sedation, paradoxical excitement, hepatotoxity (need to monitor liver function q 6 months), PU/PD, and idiosyncratic blood reactions (throm ...
... effective, reaches steady-state quickly (2 weeks), safe for cats. Disadvantages include that it is a controlled substance and side effects. Side effects include sedation, paradoxical excitement, hepatotoxity (need to monitor liver function q 6 months), PU/PD, and idiosyncratic blood reactions (throm ...
Drug Interactions With Dietary Supplements
... Echinacea is most commonly used to prevent or treat the common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections. Although its use fell out of favor in the United States due to antibiotic development, the interest and use of echinacea has resumed due to increasing development of antibiotic resistanc ...
... Echinacea is most commonly used to prevent or treat the common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections. Although its use fell out of favor in the United States due to antibiotic development, the interest and use of echinacea has resumed due to increasing development of antibiotic resistanc ...
Guidelines for the medical management of patients with
... methamphetamine psychosis and psychosis due to other factors. Particularly in the case of an acute presentation, distinguishing between methamphetamine-induced psychosis and another psychotic illness such as schizophrenia is very difficult and it is often only in retrospect that a diagnosis can be ma ...
... methamphetamine psychosis and psychosis due to other factors. Particularly in the case of an acute presentation, distinguishing between methamphetamine-induced psychosis and another psychotic illness such as schizophrenia is very difficult and it is often only in retrospect that a diagnosis can be ma ...
Progress of Pharmacological Sciences in China
... RIP3-CaMKII-mPTP pathway provides a potential target for the treatment of ischemia-induced and oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage (Zhang et al., 2016). With respect to hypertension, Zhu and colleagues reported that the activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) can induce the ...
... RIP3-CaMKII-mPTP pathway provides a potential target for the treatment of ischemia-induced and oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage (Zhang et al., 2016). With respect to hypertension, Zhu and colleagues reported that the activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) can induce the ...
Data Sheet
... Generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Trileptal is indicated as a first-line antiepileptic drug for use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Trileptal can replace other antiepileptic drugs when current therapy provides insufficient seizure control (see Clinical studies). 4.2 Posology and method of a ...
... Generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Trileptal is indicated as a first-line antiepileptic drug for use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Trileptal can replace other antiepileptic drugs when current therapy provides insufficient seizure control (see Clinical studies). 4.2 Posology and method of a ...
1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
... approvals of generic versions of Abilify® that occurred on April 28, 2015, to prevent FDA from issuing any further approvals prior to the expiration of Otsuka’s seven year period of orphan drug exclusivity, and to prohibit the recipients of generic approvals from distributing their respective versi ...
... approvals of generic versions of Abilify® that occurred on April 28, 2015, to prevent FDA from issuing any further approvals prior to the expiration of Otsuka’s seven year period of orphan drug exclusivity, and to prohibit the recipients of generic approvals from distributing their respective versi ...
Formulation Considerations of Inhaled Products
... Good formulation means Sophisticate balance in particle-particle interaction Formulation Considerations of Inhaled Products ...
... Good formulation means Sophisticate balance in particle-particle interaction Formulation Considerations of Inhaled Products ...
Isoquercetin w/Bioperine
... Are There Any Potential Drug Interactions? Quercetin and Bioperine® could affect the way that the liver breaks down medications metabolized by the cytochrome p450 system, altering the effects of these medications and possibly the dose needed for treatment. Quercetin may be contra-indicated with blo ...
... Are There Any Potential Drug Interactions? Quercetin and Bioperine® could affect the way that the liver breaks down medications metabolized by the cytochrome p450 system, altering the effects of these medications and possibly the dose needed for treatment. Quercetin may be contra-indicated with blo ...
Alnylam`s ALN-VSP Abstract Published by American Society of
... additional data from its ALN-VSP clinical trial, its plan to partner its ALN-VSP program prior to initiating a Phase II clinical study, its goal with respect to the timing of initiating such study, and Alnylam's expectations regarding its "Alnylam 5x15" product strategy, constitute forward-looking s ...
... additional data from its ALN-VSP clinical trial, its plan to partner its ALN-VSP program prior to initiating a Phase II clinical study, its goal with respect to the timing of initiating such study, and Alnylam's expectations regarding its "Alnylam 5x15" product strategy, constitute forward-looking s ...
Antiplatelet Drugs : Is There a Surgical Risk?
... Prevention Study,51 dipyridamole seems as effective as ASA in secondary prevention of CVA and transient cerebral ischemia (TCI). The ASA–dipyridamole combination, however, proved twice as effective as each of these 2 drugs taken alone. This combination, marketed under the name Aggrenox (Boehringer I ...
... Prevention Study,51 dipyridamole seems as effective as ASA in secondary prevention of CVA and transient cerebral ischemia (TCI). The ASA–dipyridamole combination, however, proved twice as effective as each of these 2 drugs taken alone. This combination, marketed under the name Aggrenox (Boehringer I ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.