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TEK 8.6C: Newton`s Laws
TEK 8.6C: Newton`s Laws

... foundations for classical physics, including his laws of motion and law of universal gravitation. Almost all of the concepts described below remain unchanged since their discovery over 300 years ago. ...
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Newton s__Laws_of_Motion - McKinney ISD Staff Sites

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... A) There are always two of them. B) They are always equal. C) They always act on the same object. D) They always occur at the same time. 29. The law that states that every object maintains constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force is A) Newton’s first law of motion. B) Newton’s second ...
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< 1 ... 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 ... 432 >

Modified Newtonian dynamics



In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.
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