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Waves & Oscillations Physics 42200 Spring 2015 Semester

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... Force – a push or a pull, will produce a change in motion if unbalanced. SI units are Kg • m/s2. Measured in Newtons (N). 1 N – 0.225 lb. Calculate your weight in Newtons. Examples of an object changing direction: car wreck, ball bouncing against a wall, baseball and bat, ball thrown up changes to d ...
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... Four pairs of objects have the masses shown below. If the objects in each pair are the same distance apart, the gravitational force between the objects in which pair is greatest? 1 kilogram and 1 kilogram 1 kilogram and 2 kilograms 2 kilograms and 1 kilogram 2 kilograms and 2 kilograms ...
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... 97. The type of meter which is connected in parallel to a circuit and has high resistance. 100. The type of spectral lines associated with distinct dark bands on a bright background. 101. His hypothesis stated all objects have wavelike properties ad a wavelength associated with them. 104. The type o ...
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Modified Newtonian dynamics



In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.
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