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Chapter 23 Major Invertebrate Groups
Chapter 23 Major Invertebrate Groups

... • Colonial theory of animal origins: the first animals evolved from a colonial protist – At first, all cells in the colony performed the same functions – Eventually, mutations produced cells that specialized in some tasks and did not carry out others – Choanoflagellates are modern protists most clos ...
Chapter 5 Gases
Chapter 5 Gases

... the breeding season. "In species in which infanticide occurs, testis size increases over generations, suggesting that females are more and more promiscuous to confuse paternity," said lead author Dr Dieter Lukas, from University of Cambridge's Department of Zoology. "Once sperm competition has becom ...
Scientific Discovery Learning with Computer Simulations of
Scientific Discovery Learning with Computer Simulations of

... evaluate (analyze data and develop hypothesis) cycle. Friedler, Nachmias, and Linn (1990) say that scientific reasoning comprises the abilities to “(a) define a scientific problem; (b) state a hypothesis; (c) design an experiment; (d) observe, collect, analyze, and interpret data; (e) apply the resu ...
`Learning`?
`Learning`?

... Learning is usually defined as a relatively permanent change in behaviour or behaviour potential that occurs through experience. However, it does not refer to behavioural changes that can be explained by temporary states of maturation. Learning is the acquisition and development of memories and beha ...
Lecture 26 - The University of Texas at Dallas
Lecture 26 - The University of Texas at Dallas

... • An important property of the neocortex is plasticity. This term refers to changes that take place in the neocortex when connections are formed or strengthened along frequently used neural pathways, or when unused connections are weakened or lost. During the lengthy period of juvenile development, ...
The psychology of second language acquisition
The psychology of second language acquisition

File - Difabilities
File - Difabilities

... point of view in order to understand how they think and feel. They often have a strange ability to sense feelings, intentions and motivations. They are great organizers. They try to keep peace ingroup settings and want cooperation. The use of verbal (speaking) and non-verbal language (eye contact, b ...
Glottodidactics
Glottodidactics

... Affective factors such as learners’ personalities can influence the degree of anxiety they experience and their readiness to take risks in learning and using an L2. ...
Non-Human Primates and Communication
Non-Human Primates and Communication

... Currently, there is no strong evidence for vocal imitation in primates, apart from humans (but humans are not the only mammals capable of vocal learning). Nevertheless, non-human primates appear to have some control over their vocal production. However, vocal flexibility is subtle and often remains ...
1

Vocal learning

Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. “Vocalizations” in this case refers only to sounds generated by the vocal organ (mammalian larynx or avian syrinx) as opposed to by the lips, teeth, and tongue, which require substantially less motor control. A rare trait, vocal learning is a critical substrate for spoken language and has only been detected in eight animal groups despite the wide array of vocalizing species; these include humans, bats, cetaceans, pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), elephants, and three distantly related bird groups including songbirds, parrots, and hummingbirds. Vocal learning is distinct from auditory learning, or the ability to form memories of sounds heard, a relatively common trait which is present in all vertebrates tested. For example, dogs can be trained to understand the word ""sit"" even though the human word is not in its innate auditory repertoire (auditory learning). However, the dog cannot imitate and produce the word ""sit"" itself as vocal learners can.
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