Shrinking mountains (Rocks of the Earth)
... increased by a factor of 20 during the past five million years. Even with such a huge increase, the total erosion remains too small to be detected by the technique used by Herman and his colleagues, so this study was restricted to certain parts of the world only. ...
... increased by a factor of 20 during the past five million years. Even with such a huge increase, the total erosion remains too small to be detected by the technique used by Herman and his colleagues, so this study was restricted to certain parts of the world only. ...
Earthquakes
... • Tectonic forces slowly build up with time, initially the rocks deform elastically. • Eventually the build up of stored energy exceeds the strength of the rock and it fractures. • The stored elastic strain energy is rapidly released and propagates outward as vibration waves called seismic waves. ...
... • Tectonic forces slowly build up with time, initially the rocks deform elastically. • Eventually the build up of stored energy exceeds the strength of the rock and it fractures. • The stored elastic strain energy is rapidly released and propagates outward as vibration waves called seismic waves. ...
PLATE MARGINS
... the western coast of South America (at the collision of the Nazca and South American plates), and the Cascade Mountains (including Mt. St. Helens) at the collsion of the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. In these collisions, the denser ocean crust sinks back into the mantle, while the lighter ...
... the western coast of South America (at the collision of the Nazca and South American plates), and the Cascade Mountains (including Mt. St. Helens) at the collsion of the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. In these collisions, the denser ocean crust sinks back into the mantle, while the lighter ...
Curriculum Map Template
... currents, Conduction Continental drift, Alfred Wegener, Pangaea, seafloor spreading ...
... currents, Conduction Continental drift, Alfred Wegener, Pangaea, seafloor spreading ...
3.2 Igneous Rocks
... granitic and basaltic rocks have an andesitic composition. This group of igneous rocks is named after the common volcanic rock andesite. Andesitic rocks contain at least 25 percent dark silicate minerals— mainly amphibole, pyroxene, and biotite mica. The other dominant mineral in andesitic rocks is ...
... granitic and basaltic rocks have an andesitic composition. This group of igneous rocks is named after the common volcanic rock andesite. Andesitic rocks contain at least 25 percent dark silicate minerals— mainly amphibole, pyroxene, and biotite mica. The other dominant mineral in andesitic rocks is ...
Convection and Plate Motion - Alaska Tsunami Education Program
... Earth’s crust and the top of Earth’s mantle form a solid layer called the lithosphere. Under this layer lies a soft, jelly-like layer called the asthenosphere. The lithosphere floats and moves around on top of the mushy asthenosphere. Convection currents within Earth contribute to large-scale moveme ...
... Earth’s crust and the top of Earth’s mantle form a solid layer called the lithosphere. Under this layer lies a soft, jelly-like layer called the asthenosphere. The lithosphere floats and moves around on top of the mushy asthenosphere. Convection currents within Earth contribute to large-scale moveme ...
CHAPTER 13 Denudation, weathering and mass wasting
... principal styles of slope instability and failure, with distinctions between rock and debris slopes. The chapter includes a review of debris flow hazard, which appears to be on the increase in temperate climates through changes in land use and climate. Chapter Summary Denudation ...
... principal styles of slope instability and failure, with distinctions between rock and debris slopes. The chapter includes a review of debris flow hazard, which appears to be on the increase in temperate climates through changes in land use and climate. Chapter Summary Denudation ...
Plate tectonics through the window
... be able to sense the effects of an earthquake or a tsunami triggered by an earthquake. 6. A constructive plate margin within a continent. You might see along a steep-sided valley with a flat bottom, often containing a long lake. The steep valley sides are fault scarps. There may be volcanic peaks ne ...
... be able to sense the effects of an earthquake or a tsunami triggered by an earthquake. 6. A constructive plate margin within a continent. You might see along a steep-sided valley with a flat bottom, often containing a long lake. The steep valley sides are fault scarps. There may be volcanic peaks ne ...
Notes on Earthquakes
... move outward from the earthquake focus & make the ground quake 3 Types of Seismic Waves 1. Primary wave (P-wave) 2. Secondary wave (S-wave) 3. Surface wave (L-wave) a. Love b. Rayleigh ...
... move outward from the earthquake focus & make the ground quake 3 Types of Seismic Waves 1. Primary wave (P-wave) 2. Secondary wave (S-wave) 3. Surface wave (L-wave) a. Love b. Rayleigh ...
Evidence
... surface and provides a coherent account of its geological history. This theory is supported by mul(ple evidence streams—for example, the consistent paNerns of earthquake loca(ons, evidence of ocean floor spreading ...
... surface and provides a coherent account of its geological history. This theory is supported by mul(ple evidence streams—for example, the consistent paNerns of earthquake loca(ons, evidence of ocean floor spreading ...
lecture * 2011 japanese tsunami and wave properties
... Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur along or near the boundaries of the plates. As the plates continue moving, rocks are locked together at the boundaries until stresses accumulate past the breaking point. Earthquakes occur when the rocks suddenly crack and slip along lines called faults (often at or ne ...
... Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur along or near the boundaries of the plates. As the plates continue moving, rocks are locked together at the boundaries until stresses accumulate past the breaking point. Earthquakes occur when the rocks suddenly crack and slip along lines called faults (often at or ne ...
1. The hotspot‐melting‐through‐lithosphere process forms lines of
... 1. The hotspot‐melting‐through‐lithosphere process forms lines of extinct volcanoes on the ocean floor, from youngest to oldest, ______________________. a. pointing in the direction of plate movement b. in a direction pointing toward the sun c. pointing in the opposite direction of plate movemen ...
... 1. The hotspot‐melting‐through‐lithosphere process forms lines of extinct volcanoes on the ocean floor, from youngest to oldest, ______________________. a. pointing in the direction of plate movement b. in a direction pointing toward the sun c. pointing in the opposite direction of plate movemen ...
Chapter 11 Tertiary Volcanic rocks
... of the Llewellyn Fault zone Sloko strata rest on metamorphic rocks; whereas, to the east, they are underlain by Laberge Group strata. The base of the volcanics at all localities is at an elevation between 1400 and 1460 metres (4600 and 4800 feet). Paleotopographic effects or later high angle faultin ...
... of the Llewellyn Fault zone Sloko strata rest on metamorphic rocks; whereas, to the east, they are underlain by Laberge Group strata. The base of the volcanics at all localities is at an elevation between 1400 and 1460 metres (4600 and 4800 feet). Paleotopographic effects or later high angle faultin ...
Describing and measuring MOTION
... How does the theory of plate tectonics explain the movement of Earth’s landmasses? How fast do Earth’s plates move ...
... How does the theory of plate tectonics explain the movement of Earth’s landmasses? How fast do Earth’s plates move ...
Seismic re¯ection image revealing offset of Andean subduction
... shallow part of this re¯ector (down to 70 km) to the subduction shear zone and the Nacza plate oceanic crust. The deepest, `brightest' part of the Nazca re¯ector is slightly ¯atter, and could either image the top of the subduction shear zone or be located a few kilometres above it. The downdip incre ...
... shallow part of this re¯ector (down to 70 km) to the subduction shear zone and the Nacza plate oceanic crust. The deepest, `brightest' part of the Nazca re¯ector is slightly ¯atter, and could either image the top of the subduction shear zone or be located a few kilometres above it. The downdip incre ...
Mechanism of Formation of Active Margins.
... o rders of magnitude hig he r than 3ny e nerge lic effc e ls of subduction. This hot material has becn Înjected from a large depth. most Iikel y from the core-mantle boundary. Low-velocity and low-denSÎl y ma ntle mate r ial is segregaled from the hOI upper mantle benealh ac tive margins. It forms a ...
... o rders of magnitude hig he r than 3ny e nerge lic effc e ls of subduction. This hot material has becn Înjected from a large depth. most Iikel y from the core-mantle boundary. Low-velocity and low-denSÎl y ma ntle mate r ial is segregaled from the hOI upper mantle benealh ac tive margins. It forms a ...
Final Examination Key
... A. An aggregate of one or more minerals B. A body of undifferentiated mineral or glassy matter C. Bodies of solid organic matter D. Any of the above ...
... A. An aggregate of one or more minerals B. A body of undifferentiated mineral or glassy matter C. Bodies of solid organic matter D. Any of the above ...
Chapter 8 Sections 1-4
... Seismic waves • Waves of energy that travel through the earth. Different types of seismic waves travel at different speeds and move the materials that they travel ...
... Seismic waves • Waves of energy that travel through the earth. Different types of seismic waves travel at different speeds and move the materials that they travel ...
Layers of the Earth Notes
... Earth’s Layers by Composition • Crust – Outermost layer – Thinnest layer – Composed mostly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum – Two types • Oceanic (found under oceans; more dense) – Twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium which are more dense minerals ...
... Earth’s Layers by Composition • Crust – Outermost layer – Thinnest layer – Composed mostly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum – Two types • Oceanic (found under oceans; more dense) – Twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium which are more dense minerals ...
Final Exam Study Guide 2016
... 5. List and describe the evidence found by Wegener that supported his hypothesis of continental drift. 6. List and describe the movement at plate boundaries. Draw a diagram of each type. 7. Why didn’t scientists first accept Wegener’s hypothesis that a single continent called Pangaea once existed? 8 ...
... 5. List and describe the evidence found by Wegener that supported his hypothesis of continental drift. 6. List and describe the movement at plate boundaries. Draw a diagram of each type. 7. Why didn’t scientists first accept Wegener’s hypothesis that a single continent called Pangaea once existed? 8 ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.