Focus and Epicenter
... In general, if two earthquakes of equal strength have the same epicenter, the one with the shallower focus causes more damage. Seismic waves from a deep-focus earthquake lose more of their energy as they travel farther up to Earth’s surface. The depths of earthquakes along tectonic plate boundaries ...
... In general, if two earthquakes of equal strength have the same epicenter, the one with the shallower focus causes more damage. Seismic waves from a deep-focus earthquake lose more of their energy as they travel farther up to Earth’s surface. The depths of earthquakes along tectonic plate boundaries ...
Volcanoes I
... •Divergent boundaries-Where the plates of the crust and mantle are pulling apart allowing magma to rise to fill the gaps Slide 6: Where Volcanoes Occur Other volcanoes can form at hotspots, places in the mantle where high temperatures melt rock. This creates a plume of magma which rises to the Earth ...
... •Divergent boundaries-Where the plates of the crust and mantle are pulling apart allowing magma to rise to fill the gaps Slide 6: Where Volcanoes Occur Other volcanoes can form at hotspots, places in the mantle where high temperatures melt rock. This creates a plume of magma which rises to the Earth ...
Weathering, Erosion and Mass Movement
... 19.1 Forces within OBJECTIVES Define stress and strain as they apply to rocks. Distinguish among the three different fault types. Contrast three types of seismic waves. ...
... 19.1 Forces within OBJECTIVES Define stress and strain as they apply to rocks. Distinguish among the three different fault types. Contrast three types of seismic waves. ...
L2 - School of Earth Sciences
... pressure and temperatures Properties at these pressures and temperatures (melting? flowing?) are used to make models ...
... pressure and temperatures Properties at these pressures and temperatures (melting? flowing?) are used to make models ...
Plate Tectonics PhET Simulation Part 1: Describing differences
... Transform Example 3: Drag an oceanic (either young or old) crust and continental crust onto the screen. Drag the plate in the direction of the GREEN arrow. ...
... Transform Example 3: Drag an oceanic (either young or old) crust and continental crust onto the screen. Drag the plate in the direction of the GREEN arrow. ...
Eastern Mediterranean geodynamics (PDF Available)
... 1993; Allesandrini et al. 1997). Magmatism associated with the opening of these embryonic basins produced within-plate, alkaline volcanic and plutonic rock suites, mid-ocean ridge basalts, and calc-alkaline island arc extrusives, and even new oceanic crust. Some of these most recent, embryonic ocean ...
... 1993; Allesandrini et al. 1997). Magmatism associated with the opening of these embryonic basins produced within-plate, alkaline volcanic and plutonic rock suites, mid-ocean ridge basalts, and calc-alkaline island arc extrusives, and even new oceanic crust. Some of these most recent, embryonic ocean ...
INFORME GEOBRASIL (www.geobrasil.net)
... the intensity of the Asian monsoon recorded in Chinese cave deposits. This match shows clearly that the East African climate followed closely the orbitally-induced changes in solar input at high northern latitudes. But the cause of the linkage is not clear. One candidate is the varying position of t ...
... the intensity of the Asian monsoon recorded in Chinese cave deposits. This match shows clearly that the East African climate followed closely the orbitally-induced changes in solar input at high northern latitudes. But the cause of the linkage is not clear. One candidate is the varying position of t ...
Delamination, Slab Break-Off, and Slab Roll-Back
... • Delamination events exist in few places – Basin and Range – Tibet – Andes ...
... • Delamination events exist in few places – Basin and Range – Tibet – Andes ...
Gabbro Igneous rock containing coarse, iron
... crystallized from iron-rich magma at considerable depth beneath the surface. Gabbro is the coarse grained plutonic (subsurface) equivalent of basalt lava. Gabbro is a medium or coarsegrained rock that consists primarily of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Essentially, gabbro is the intrusive (plut ...
... crystallized from iron-rich magma at considerable depth beneath the surface. Gabbro is the coarse grained plutonic (subsurface) equivalent of basalt lava. Gabbro is a medium or coarsegrained rock that consists primarily of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Essentially, gabbro is the intrusive (plut ...
North America`s Midcontinent Rift: When Rift Met LIP
... White and Wright (1954, p. 690) concluded that 1840s the base of led to a mining the Nonesuch Formation had potential to host Cu “over an area many times larger than that of the White Pine copper that shaped the ...
... White and Wright (1954, p. 690) concluded that 1840s the base of led to a mining the Nonesuch Formation had potential to host Cu “over an area many times larger than that of the White Pine copper that shaped the ...
Hawaii Hotspot - cloudfront.net
... reproducible experiments and collect multiple lines of evidence. This evidence is taken from field, analytical, theoretical, experimental, and modeling studies. 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth’s interior. With ...
... reproducible experiments and collect multiple lines of evidence. This evidence is taken from field, analytical, theoretical, experimental, and modeling studies. 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth’s interior. With ...
Type of Rock
... Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Rocks formed by metamorphism (to change) look very different from the original rock. Most metamorphism occurs as either regional or contact metamorphism. Contact metamorphism occurs when magma intrudes (forces its way into) ...
... Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Rocks formed by metamorphism (to change) look very different from the original rock. Most metamorphism occurs as either regional or contact metamorphism. Contact metamorphism occurs when magma intrudes (forces its way into) ...
Igneous Rocks and their Minerals
... This means that in continent-continent collision zones (like the Himalayas and Alps), rocks somehow get from the surface down to >100km (~60mi) and back fast enough to preserve coesite ...
... This means that in continent-continent collision zones (like the Himalayas and Alps), rocks somehow get from the surface down to >100km (~60mi) and back fast enough to preserve coesite ...
Weigand - Petrology and geochemistry of Miocene volcanic rocks
... Clemente Islands belong to a group of 12 volcanic centers that were active in southern California between 17 and 13 Ma. An average initial "Sr/8·Sr value of 0.7034 ± 0.0003 (n = 7) for samples of this group implies a mantle origin. Although this group of volcanic suites is calc-alkaline, a subductio ...
... Clemente Islands belong to a group of 12 volcanic centers that were active in southern California between 17 and 13 Ma. An average initial "Sr/8·Sr value of 0.7034 ± 0.0003 (n = 7) for samples of this group implies a mantle origin. Although this group of volcanic suites is calc-alkaline, a subductio ...
Rock Cycle Roundabout - California Academy of Sciences
... components, geologists classify rocks based on how they form. As with the water cycle and other natural cycles, the rock cycle does not occur only in one direction. Instead, depending on what conditions a rock is subjected to, it can transform into any of the other rock types. A rock can even re-for ...
... components, geologists classify rocks based on how they form. As with the water cycle and other natural cycles, the rock cycle does not occur only in one direction. Instead, depending on what conditions a rock is subjected to, it can transform into any of the other rock types. A rock can even re-for ...
June 2008
... What type of rock will form from the contact metamorphism at Y in the diagram below? ...
... What type of rock will form from the contact metamorphism at Y in the diagram below? ...
Power Point File 9
... Island arcs are of chains of volcanically active islands arranged in a curved arc An ocean trench occurs on the oceanwards side Island arcs first develop on oceanic crust The crustal thickness in an arc is intermediate between oceanic and continental Volcanic activity begins abruptly at a Volcanic F ...
... Island arcs are of chains of volcanically active islands arranged in a curved arc An ocean trench occurs on the oceanwards side Island arcs first develop on oceanic crust The crustal thickness in an arc is intermediate between oceanic and continental Volcanic activity begins abruptly at a Volcanic F ...
Changes in stress accompanying the 2004 eruption of Mt
... properties. GPS determines strain changes, which are related to changes in stress. But as GPS is measured on the surface, it is not very sensitive to deeper regions and complementary techniques can be helpful. Seismic anisotropy in the upper crust is usually caused by aligned cracks, which open and ...
... properties. GPS determines strain changes, which are related to changes in stress. But as GPS is measured on the surface, it is not very sensitive to deeper regions and complementary techniques can be helpful. Seismic anisotropy in the upper crust is usually caused by aligned cracks, which open and ...
Annual Report 2014
... than 50% — but more importantly — CEED published four articles in the prestigious Nature, PNAS and Science magazines. The Science paper — The source crater of martian shergottite meteorites (Werner et al.) — received media attention world-wide, and although meteorites from Mars have been known for s ...
... than 50% — but more importantly — CEED published four articles in the prestigious Nature, PNAS and Science magazines. The Science paper — The source crater of martian shergottite meteorites (Werner et al.) — received media attention world-wide, and although meteorites from Mars have been known for s ...
Q1. In 1912 Wegener suggested his theory of continental drift. In
... (a) Most correct answers referred to the jigsaw fit of continents. Many students wrote about fossil fuels instead of fossils or completely forgot to mention that they were the same or similar. Also, a number of students wrote about the same animals or plants on the continents, not fossils, so no cre ...
... (a) Most correct answers referred to the jigsaw fit of continents. Many students wrote about fossil fuels instead of fossils or completely forgot to mention that they were the same or similar. Also, a number of students wrote about the same animals or plants on the continents, not fossils, so no cre ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.