Chapter 1: Geologic History of the Southwestern US:
... The Earth is estimated to be approximately 4.6 billion years old—an age obtained by dating meteorites. Rocks dating to around four billion years old are found on almost every continent, but they are not found at the Earth’s surface anywhere in the Southwest. The oldest rocks known on Earth are 4.3-b ...
... The Earth is estimated to be approximately 4.6 billion years old—an age obtained by dating meteorites. Rocks dating to around four billion years old are found on almost every continent, but they are not found at the Earth’s surface anywhere in the Southwest. The oldest rocks known on Earth are 4.3-b ...
Teleseismic surface wave tomography in the western US using the
... intermediate periods (<40 s), estimated to approach the inter-station spacing (~70 km) at short periods (16) (Fig. S1). Used in combination, these methods provide Rayleigh wave phase speed maps from 8 to 100 sec period (Fig. 2), a band sensitive to depths from the surface to about 160 km. In the ov ...
... intermediate periods (<40 s), estimated to approach the inter-station spacing (~70 km) at short periods (16) (Fig. S1). Used in combination, these methods provide Rayleigh wave phase speed maps from 8 to 100 sec period (Fig. 2), a band sensitive to depths from the surface to about 160 km. In the ov ...
Global coupling at 660 km is proposed to explain plate tectonics and
... viscosity directly below the lithosphere is decreased by several orders of magnitude the amplitude of the dynamic topography on the surface of the Earth is reduced, but only by ~20% (Lithgow-Bertolonni, 1997). A more dramatic decrease in the viscosity of the low viscosity layer might explain the com ...
... viscosity directly below the lithosphere is decreased by several orders of magnitude the amplitude of the dynamic topography on the surface of the Earth is reduced, but only by ~20% (Lithgow-Bertolonni, 1997). A more dramatic decrease in the viscosity of the low viscosity layer might explain the com ...
SIXTH GRADE PLATE TECTONICS
... 1. Explain to the students that plate motions have made the continents move through time. Make sure that they understand that the plates move, and the continents ride on their backs. 2. At the elementary school level the reason why geologists feel that the maps are accurate cannot be explained effec ...
... 1. Explain to the students that plate motions have made the continents move through time. Make sure that they understand that the plates move, and the continents ride on their backs. 2. At the elementary school level the reason why geologists feel that the maps are accurate cannot be explained effec ...
Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Plate Tectonics: A
... Earth Science LO: 1.6 - Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 5) Even before the proposal of Continental Drift, paleontologists recognized that some sort of land connection was needed to account for the identical fossil orga ...
... Earth Science LO: 1.6 - Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 5) Even before the proposal of Continental Drift, paleontologists recognized that some sort of land connection was needed to account for the identical fossil orga ...
Day 2, Resources
... information that answers the focus questions in the box below (and on the Team Questions notebook sheet) for your team’s final product. ...
... information that answers the focus questions in the box below (and on the Team Questions notebook sheet) for your team’s final product. ...
Geochemical Characterization of Intermediate to Silicic Rocks in the
... type ophiolites are generally LREE-enriched, whereas those in the MOR type vary from LREE-depleted to LREE-enriched. The Backarc and Backarc to Forearc types are similar to the MOR type; silicic rocks of the Forearc and Volcanic Arc types are generally LREE-enriched. The main process in the formatio ...
... type ophiolites are generally LREE-enriched, whereas those in the MOR type vary from LREE-depleted to LREE-enriched. The Backarc and Backarc to Forearc types are similar to the MOR type; silicic rocks of the Forearc and Volcanic Arc types are generally LREE-enriched. The main process in the formatio ...
Chapter 9
... “When water dissolves into the structure or rock, chemical bonds holding minerals together are shortened (reducing viscosity) and eventually broken (melting) if the rock becomes saturated, which is defined as the point where any additional water added to the rock will form a separate phase like a bu ...
... “When water dissolves into the structure or rock, chemical bonds holding minerals together are shortened (reducing viscosity) and eventually broken (melting) if the rock becomes saturated, which is defined as the point where any additional water added to the rock will form a separate phase like a bu ...
What is a fault?
... boundaries because it helps us understand our environment as well as helping us know where to build, and the dangers of building in subduction zones. Back to Board ...
... boundaries because it helps us understand our environment as well as helping us know where to build, and the dangers of building in subduction zones. Back to Board ...
What are Earth`s physical layers?
... What are Earth’s compositional layers? • Both types of crust are made mostly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. Crustal plates are made up of crust and upper mantle. • Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust because it contains almost twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium. ...
... What are Earth’s compositional layers? • Both types of crust are made mostly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. Crustal plates are made up of crust and upper mantle. • Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust because it contains almost twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium. ...
No Slide Title
... If the ground breaks open an eruption occurs, and the molten rock may pour from the vent as non-explosive lava flows, or it may shoot violently into the air as dense clouds of lava fragments. Larger fragments fall back around the vent, and accumulations begin and the mountain takes its shape. Some o ...
... If the ground breaks open an eruption occurs, and the molten rock may pour from the vent as non-explosive lava flows, or it may shoot violently into the air as dense clouds of lava fragments. Larger fragments fall back around the vent, and accumulations begin and the mountain takes its shape. Some o ...
The Farallon-Aluk ridge collision with South America: Implications
... a lack of magmatism in the arc axis, and a large variety of back-arc magmatism (calc-alkaline, tholeiitic and alkaline) (Armstrong et al., 1985; Rogers et al., 1985; Forsythe et al., 1986; Saunders et al., 1987; Gans et al., 1989; Fitton et al., 1991; Kempton et al., 1991; Cole and Basu, 1992, 1995; ...
... a lack of magmatism in the arc axis, and a large variety of back-arc magmatism (calc-alkaline, tholeiitic and alkaline) (Armstrong et al., 1985; Rogers et al., 1985; Forsythe et al., 1986; Saunders et al., 1987; Gans et al., 1989; Fitton et al., 1991; Kempton et al., 1991; Cole and Basu, 1992, 1995; ...
Open File - Earth Science > Home
... A seismic wave moves at the following speeds through each layer: crust, 8 km/s; mantle, 12 km/s; outer core, 9.5 km/s; inner core, 10.5 km/s. How long would a seismic wave take to travel from Earth’s surface to its center? ...
... A seismic wave moves at the following speeds through each layer: crust, 8 km/s; mantle, 12 km/s; outer core, 9.5 km/s; inner core, 10.5 km/s. How long would a seismic wave take to travel from Earth’s surface to its center? ...
SIXTH GRADE EARTHQUAKES
... it again transfers energy, but there is not a total transfer of energy. The penny will slow down. It is important for students to somehow show that when the first penny hits the second the energy, i.e., speed changes. They can answer the question several ways, as long as they describe a change in th ...
... it again transfers energy, but there is not a total transfer of energy. The penny will slow down. It is important for students to somehow show that when the first penny hits the second the energy, i.e., speed changes. They can answer the question several ways, as long as they describe a change in th ...
Haley Z
... boundary then thicker layer is forced under the other plate. This is a subduction zone. As the plate travels deeper into the earth’s interior it gets hotter and melts. After it melts it forms magma, since the magma will be less dense than its surroundings it will be forced upward. When it reaches th ...
... boundary then thicker layer is forced under the other plate. This is a subduction zone. As the plate travels deeper into the earth’s interior it gets hotter and melts. After it melts it forms magma, since the magma will be less dense than its surroundings it will be forced upward. When it reaches th ...
Geology: Evidence for post-early Miocene initiation of
... have been, at least in part, the result of northsouth-directed extension on the basis of our observations of a set of more-or-less east-west– oriented rhyolite and more mafic dikes found there. Cox and Diggles (1986) made the same observation of the basaltic dikes found in the basin. The unusual low ...
... have been, at least in part, the result of northsouth-directed extension on the basis of our observations of a set of more-or-less east-west– oriented rhyolite and more mafic dikes found there. Cox and Diggles (1986) made the same observation of the basaltic dikes found in the basin. The unusual low ...
Take a `Chance` on the volcano erupting
... or have a pack each. Explain that each card gives one type of evidence which might indicate whether the volcano was more or less likely to erupt. Each card will tell the students to add one or more masses, or sometimes even to remove a mass. Explain that each volcano has a major town nearby. (Teache ...
... or have a pack each. Explain that each card gives one type of evidence which might indicate whether the volcano was more or less likely to erupt. Each card will tell the students to add one or more masses, or sometimes even to remove a mass. Explain that each volcano has a major town nearby. (Teache ...
Article 3
... 2. What are the scientists who study the Earth’s interior and surface called? 3. How do geologists know what the inside of the Earth is like? 4. How does temperature and pressure change as you travel inside the Earth? 5. How many layers of the Earth are there? ...
... 2. What are the scientists who study the Earth’s interior and surface called? 3. How do geologists know what the inside of the Earth is like? 4. How does temperature and pressure change as you travel inside the Earth? 5. How many layers of the Earth are there? ...
Happy First Day of Februaryана2/1/12 1. Plate Tectonics Review 2
... Plate Tectonics Review by Mrs. Holz ...
... Plate Tectonics Review by Mrs. Holz ...
What is an Earthquake?
... Chp 9: Earthquakes d. Scale is logarithmic 1.An increase of one unit on the scale represents a 10-fold increase in the amplitude of a recorded earthquake wave 2.An increase of one unit on the scale corresponds approximately to a 30-fold increase in energy related during the quake ...
... Chp 9: Earthquakes d. Scale is logarithmic 1.An increase of one unit on the scale represents a 10-fold increase in the amplitude of a recorded earthquake wave 2.An increase of one unit on the scale corresponds approximately to a 30-fold increase in energy related during the quake ...
Chapter 3.4 - 3.5 Marine Provinces
... The depth of the abyssal plains ranges from 4500 m to 6000 m. (or 4.5 km to 6 km) Any features on the abyssal plain are covered with LAYERS of sediment that have been deposited over MILLIONS of years. ...
... The depth of the abyssal plains ranges from 4500 m to 6000 m. (or 4.5 km to 6 km) Any features on the abyssal plain are covered with LAYERS of sediment that have been deposited over MILLIONS of years. ...
The lithosphere: rocks and minerals
... Rocks are materials that make up the Earth’s crust and mantle. Rocks are a mix of one or various solid substances called minerals. In nature, there are many different types of rocks. They can be distinguished by looking at three characteristics. • Composition. This is the mix of minerals that make ...
... Rocks are materials that make up the Earth’s crust and mantle. Rocks are a mix of one or various solid substances called minerals. In nature, there are many different types of rocks. They can be distinguished by looking at three characteristics. • Composition. This is the mix of minerals that make ...
The Cordero discovery Chihuahua, Mexico: A novel Ag, Au, Zn, Pb
... generally well mineralized in contact zones of the domes and subvolcanic intrusives and range from potassic to chloritic hornfels to manto replacements. Rusty weathering carbonate proxies for silica in all alteration assemblages in the upper 200-300 m of the system. Silica is present and increasingl ...
... generally well mineralized in contact zones of the domes and subvolcanic intrusives and range from potassic to chloritic hornfels to manto replacements. Rusty weathering carbonate proxies for silica in all alteration assemblages in the upper 200-300 m of the system. Silica is present and increasingl ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.