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Samford Spending DA Ups
Samford Spending DA Ups

... Make no mistake: the United States is not immune from a debt crisis. We are already in debt to the tune of 65 percent of our economy, a level higher than any time since the Truman Administration. On our current path, that level will exceed 90 percent—a level many economists consider as the danger zo ...
Influence of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave
Influence of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave

... a particular pattern of latitudinal variation in zonal-mean surface and lower tropospheric temperatures3. Recent work has reported a clustering of resonance events since 2000 during the satellite reanalysis era (1979-present) that coincides with rapid warming of Arctic surface temperatures, which is ...
John Holdren: The Scientist Who Cried Wolf
John Holdren: The Scientist Who Cried Wolf

... Who is John Holdren? If you’re Jonathan Chait, the answer seems to be: I don’t really know. Writing this weekend on his blog at New York magazine, Chait offered a point by point rebuttal of recent comments by Charles Krauthammer and George Will regarding the recently released National Climate Assess ...
Dynamics of the Subarctic Gyre and physical/biological interactions
Dynamics of the Subarctic Gyre and physical/biological interactions

... • Regime shifts and hypothesis of advection of Calanus as the link between temperature and cod recruitment (Sundby 2000) • New interpretations on the GSAs (Sundby and Drinkwater 2005) - implications for advection • Some very preliminary results on abundance of Calanus finmarchicus in the North Sea ...
Global Warming Primer - National Center for Policy Analysis
Global Warming Primer - National Center for Policy Analysis

... emissions. However, small increases in annual CO2 emissions, whether from humans or any other source, can lead to a large CO2 accumulation over time because CO2 molecules can remain in the atmosphere for more than a century. ...
DO THE UNCERTAINTY RANGES IN THE IPCC AND U.S.
DO THE UNCERTAINTY RANGES IN THE IPCC AND U.S.

... of relatively small changes in the solar output; conversely, if the sensitivity is less than about 1.5 ◦ C, then it is virtually impossible to explain glacial cycling given the forcings of which we are aware. Based on this perspective, then, projections for the 21st century made by the IPCC in earli ...
Climate Change Detection: The Importance of Homogenized Time
Climate Change Detection: The Importance of Homogenized Time

... Frequency distribution of break magnitudes (No. of breaks, monthly resolution) ...
Climate evolution in the last five centuries
Climate evolution in the last five centuries

... The past variations of solar output have been derived from the values used by C ROWLEY (2000). For the period after 1610 A.D., past solar variations are empirically estimated from observations of sun spots (L EAN et al., 1995) and between 1500 and 1610 A.D. they are based on concentrations of the co ...
Detection
Detection

... Figure 12.12: (a) Estimates of the “scaling factors” by which we have to multiply the amplitude of several model-simulated signals to reproduce the corresponding changes in the observed record. The vertical bars indicate the 5 to 95% uncertainty range due to internal variability. A range encompassi ...
The significant climate warming in the northern Tibetan Plateau and
The significant climate warming in the northern Tibetan Plateau and

... The global climate has become warmer over the last century and is projected to undergo further warming during the next 100 years (e.g., Jones and Briffa, 1992; Meehl et al., 2007). The observed warming has not been globally uniform, and regional differences in the surface air temperature changes are ...
Climate change scenarios
Climate change scenarios

...  Assumes fixed relationships across spatial scales Use regional climate models (RCMs)  High resolution  Capture more complexity  Limited applications  Computationally very demanding 1A.21 ...
By Chris Maloney Mentors: Tom Woods, Odele Coddington, Peter Pilewskie, Andrew Kren
By Chris Maloney Mentors: Tom Woods, Odele Coddington, Peter Pilewskie, Andrew Kren

... a) Global scale change ranged from: -0.046 to 0 K b) Northern Hemisphere change ranged from: -0.051 to 0.021* K • To compare to (Lockwood, Harrison, Woollings, & Solanki, 2010, Environ Res. Lett., 5) I also did a regression over Europe a) Overall season temperature changes between Europe and Central ...
Impact of population density on the surface temperature and micro
Impact of population density on the surface temperature and micro

... and are still being converted into residential land. Therefore, these wards have less population density. In this study, an attempt has also been made to measure the surface emissivity using the emissivity box28. All the measurements of temperature were done using TELATEMP infrared radiometer which ...
PDF
PDF

... quantile regression estimates is based on an interior point method described in Koenker and Park (1996). Once the estimates are computed, we invoke bootstrap methods to compute confidence intervals for the contract’s fair premium rate. Our research employs 1974-2008 daily surface temperature data, w ...
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change
Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change

... effect on trends of the changes in the methods of measurement in recent decades has not yet been assessed. Modern observations of SST made in situ have been supplemented by satellite-based data since about 1980 giving much better geographical coverage. However, satellite estimates are of skin (infra ...
OUR CLIMATE IS STILL CHANGING!
OUR CLIMATE IS STILL CHANGING!

... future climate ...
Linking climate change and biological invasions: Ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions
Linking climate change and biological invasions: Ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions

... among species at moderate temperatures (⬍19°C), but the two introduced species had much higher growth rates than the native at the highest temperatures (Fig. 3). Specifically, Botrylloides and Diplosoma both grew faster than Botryllus at temperatures between 19 and 21°C. However, Diplosoma grew much ...
Temperature (Word) - Narragansett Bay Estuary Program
Temperature (Word) - Narragansett Bay Estuary Program

... in Warwick. The Massachusetts data were collected in Worcester. We analyzed the complete datasets using linear regressions to quantify the trends. We also performed linear regressions only on the data from 1960 and later because other studies have suggested that temperatures began to rise more quick ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
Introduction - San Jose State University

... (b) Additionally, the year by year (blue curve) and 50 year average (black curve) variations of the average surface temperature of the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1000 years have been reconstructed from “proxy” data calibrated against thermometer data (see list of the main proxy data in the di ...
Positive feedback between global warming and atmospheric CO2
Positive feedback between global warming and atmospheric CO2

... temperature in this period. However, results differ depending on the particular temperature reconstruction and the CO2 data used. To explore this further we fitted linear regressions through different reconstructed drops in temperature and CO2 observed between the years 1200 and 1700. Using the high ...
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL IPCC-XVIII/Doc. 2 ON CLIMATE
INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL IPCC-XVIII/Doc. 2 ON CLIMATE

... WMO is important. The decision by the 21st UNEP Governing Council, which reaffirms its strong support for the IPCC was explicitly welcome. A sound financial basis is essential for future work. The participation of developing country experts needs to be strengthened, and the choice of lead authors sh ...
Yearly and Seasonal Ground Temperature Variations
Yearly and Seasonal Ground Temperature Variations

... National Park, CO, data loggers were installed in 2008. The installation method is described in depth in this excerpt from the study by Dr. Jason Janke: Thirty HOBO data loggers with two sensors (internal (A) and an external (B)) were installed during July 2008. With the assistance of students, hole ...
Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past

... fluctuations during this period are in magnitude similar to, or lower than, the uncertainties the reconstructions. We advocate a more widespread practice of archiving proxy records as most of the potentially available reconstructions are not published in digital form. ...
IPCC WGII email part 2
IPCC WGII email part 2

... You will see that Professor Tol describes 'The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review' as "grey literature" and declares that it "has no place in the IPCC’s work". I note that Professor Tol has apparently ensured that the Stern Review is not cited at all in Chapter 10, even though the corresp ...
lecture20erk - UA Atmospheric Sciences
lecture20erk - UA Atmospheric Sciences

... • Atmosphere and coupled Atmo-Ocean models are run for hundreds of years to simulate future climates • They assume continued increases in the levels of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. • The models have sophisticated physics… But they have coarse spatial grid separations! ...
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North Report

The North Report was a 2006 report evaluating reconstructions of the temperature record of the past two millennia, providing an overview of the state of the science and the implications for understanding of global warming. It was produced by a National Research Council committee, chaired by Gerald North, at the request of Representative Sherwood Boehlert as chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science.These reconstructions had been dubbed ""hockey stick graphs"" after the 1999 reconstruction by Mann, Bradley and Hughes (MBH99), which used the methodology of their 1998 reconstruction covering 600 years (MBH98). A graph based on MBH99 was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), and became a focus of the global warming controversy over the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was disputed by various contrarians, and in the politicisation of this hockey stick controversy the New York Times of 14 February 2005 hailed a paper by businessman Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick (MM05) as undermining the scientific consensus behind the Kyoto agreement. On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, wrote joint letters referring to issues raised by the Wall Street Journal article, and demanding that Mann, Bradley and Hughes provide full records on their data and methods, finances and careers, information about grants provided to the institutions they had worked for, and the exact computer codes used to generate their results. Boehlert said this was a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into something that should properly be under the jurisdiction of the Science Committee, and in November 2005 after Barton dismissed the offer of an independent investigation organised by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Boehlert requested the review, which became the North Report.The North Report went through a rigorous review process, and was published on 22 June 2006. It concluded ""with a high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries"", justified by consistent evidence from a wide variety of geographically diverse proxies, but ""Less confidence can be placed in large-scale surface temperature reconstructions for the period from 900 to 1600"". It broadly agreed with the basic findings of the original MBH studies, which subsequently been supported by other reconstructions and proxy records, while emphasising uncertainties over earlier periods. The principal component analysis methodology that McIntyre and McKitrick had contested had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended—but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results.
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