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Recent Changes in Rainfall, Temperature and Number of Rainy
Recent Changes in Rainfall, Temperature and Number of Rainy

... March–May rainfall and rainy days herein (defined as a day with rainfall greater than 0.1 mm) have been analyzed based on 4 stations located in North Oromia zone (R4) of different climatic zones for the common period 1982–2014. The aim of this study was to characterize the climate of the study areas ...
The Denial of Global Warming
The Denial of Global Warming

... temperature increase was the prospect of “polar amplification”—that warming would be greater, maybe a lot greater, at the poles. In their model, the poles warmed by 10°C to 12°C—a colossal amount.13 None of this was new. Professional climate modelers had already published papers that said pretty muc ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
PDF - Wiley Online Library

... Ohio, USA, 57CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ...
Internally and Externally Caused Climate Change
Internally and Externally Caused Climate Change

... l.ess sensitive to eddy flux perturbations. The temperature graphs from these runs show that not only is "noise" about a mean produced by the random eddy pertllrbations but also large excursions of the temperature. Even if the temperature response i.s scaled down so that the standard deviations are ...
Downscaling reveals diverse effects of anthropogenic
Downscaling reveals diverse effects of anthropogenic

... by GCMs (black symbols) and downscaled climate models (blue symbols) for 4 sites across Kenya. Data points represent 20-years average monthly temperature from the ensemble of individual models, the bars represent the range between the lowest and highest average monthly temperature predicted by an in ...
A probabilistic analysis of human influence on
A probabilistic analysis of human influence on

... remains: how strong is this evidence (Bowman et al., 2010)? Even given these and other extraordinary statistics as well as the body of evidence synthesised in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007, 2013) regarding climate trends, detection and attribution, public acceptance of hu ...
A decade of weather extremes - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact
A decade of weather extremes - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact

... the unforced internal variability of extremes right as well as the spatiotemporal pattern of the forced response. This may well be true for large-scale, continent-wide heat extremes24,28, but it is more questionable for storms or precipitation extremes, which tend to be underestimated by models26,29 ...
08-06
08-06

... developed to address the lack of climate observations in mountainous regions or rural areas. PRISM uses point measurements of climate data and a digital elevation model to generate estimates of annual, monthly and event-based climatic elements. Each grid cell is estimated via multiple regression usi ...
This article appeared in a journal published by - CREAF
This article appeared in a journal published by - CREAF

... (Nadelhoffer et al., 1999) rather than differential responses of the internal carbon and nitrogen cycles that we describe here. The majority of previous studies of climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems in the field face two limitations. First, studies are geographically unbalanced as the ...
Influence of feedback on the stochastic evolution of simple climate systems
Influence of feedback on the stochastic evolution of simple climate systems

... from fast atmospheric circulation on a daily or weekly time scale to slow, largescale ocean circulation that varies on time scales of centuries to millennia. It is also greatly influenced by feedback mechanisms that include variations in polar ice-cap extent, desertification, water vapour concentratio ...
PPT - unece
PPT - unece

... UNSD- advanced use of the 2006 global data collection process (water & waste) JRC- joint WP for 2006 (input to be provided: chemicals, flooding, health, GLC) Eurostat - full support in accessing the most recent data WB – access to databases and to draft products covering EECCA region REC Central Asi ...
A Summary of the Assessment Process of the Intergovernmental
A Summary of the Assessment Process of the Intergovernmental

... individual reviewers and 25 government reviews. Note that the IPCC does not have information on the number of individual experts involved in the reviews coordinated by governments. In these two formal reviews over 31,000 separate comments were received by WG I. The relevant authors provided a writte ...
The sun plays only a very minor role
The sun plays only a very minor role

... Before discussing any detail, there are a few general points that I do feel need to be made. Please forgive me if writing these down appears patronising for, indeed, these points are well known and I have never seen them contested in any rational argument - which makes it all the more surprising (an ...
Observed Changes and their Causes
Observed Changes and their Causes

... of regions and crops shows that negative impacts of climate change on crop yields have been more common than positive impacts IPCC Synthesis Report Climate Change 2014 ...
Climate Variability and Urbanization in Athens
Climate Variability and Urbanization in Athens

... minimum temperature between 1970 and 1990: the ®rst is rising while the second is slightly falling. This phenomenon could be attributed possibly to the considerable reduction of precipitation during that period, which affected the maximum temperatures. Finally, the annual values of maximum and minim ...
Recent changes in freezing level heights in the Tropics with
Recent changes in freezing level heights in the Tropics with

... [1] The height of the freezing level in the tropical atmosphere (the free air 0°C isotherm) has increased across most of the region, particularly in the outer Tropics. In the tropical Andes, south of the Equator, high elevation surface temperatures and upper air data show a similar trend in temperat ...
global_cooling_ESS_analysis_final
global_cooling_ESS_analysis_final

... In their recently published research paper entitled "Is the climate warming or cooling?", David Easterling of the U.S. National Climate Data Center and Michael Wehner of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory show that naturally occurring periods of no warming or even slight cooling can easily be par ...
Comment by:  Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger

... behavior of the vertical mixing characteristics of the tropical troposphere tend to be the models with high climate sensitivity estimates, the authors fail to make note that these same models are the ones whose projections make the worst match to observations of the evolution of global temperature d ...
The Conditional Nature of the Local Warming Effect
The Conditional Nature of the Local Warming Effect

... warmer-than-normal days over the past year (PDW), as well as global warming belief (GWB), worry (GWW), and the extent to which respondents believe that global warming is the result of human activities (GWH). In contrast, treated (prompt) respondents should display a significantly smaller or no conne ...
Climate variability over the last 2000 years
Climate variability over the last 2000 years

... between change in temperature and change in atmospheric circulation under natural conditions has not been examined as vigorously. This association is perhaps most critical to investigate in the polar latitudes, where future warming is expected to be the greatest (IPCC, 2001). Synthesis of ∼50 well-d ...
How do carbon cycle uncertainties affect IPCC temperature
How do carbon cycle uncertainties affect IPCC temperature

... asymmetric distribution biased to higher temperature increases, implying higher levels of risk if the uncertainties stemming from the carbon cycle are included. The lower temperature-change results in the AR5 projections may be partly due to the choice of carbon cycle settings used to generate the R ...
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent
Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent

... Sarah C. Elmendorf, Gregory H. R. Henry, Robert D. Hollister et al. Temperature is increasing at unprecedented rates across most of the tundra biome1 . Remote-sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased productivity over much of the Arctic2,3 , but plot- ...
PowerPoint is here
PowerPoint is here

... Heartland's president, Joseph Bast, said in a news release. "They are Charles Manson, a mass murderer; Fidel Castro, a tyrant; and Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber.” He said other “global warming alarmists” include Osama bin Laden and James J. Lee, who took hostages inside the headquarters of the Discov ...
Climate Change - The Climate Institute
Climate Change - The Climate Institute

... Globally, the average temperature has risen by about 0.75°C over the last 100 years. Other studies, based on indirect measurements of Northern Hemisphere temperature data from much further back in time, indicate it is warmer now in that hemisphere than it has been for at least 1,300 years.16 Some th ...
modelling as real world problem solving: matching rhetoric
modelling as real world problem solving: matching rhetoric

... ● mathematics needed is no more than secondary level, yet the problem was a very significant one. ● Again we focus attention on the formulation stage; for it was there that deep understanding of the context was essential; - knowing which three input variables were sufficient, - the assumption C ≈1 w ...
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North Report

The North Report was a 2006 report evaluating reconstructions of the temperature record of the past two millennia, providing an overview of the state of the science and the implications for understanding of global warming. It was produced by a National Research Council committee, chaired by Gerald North, at the request of Representative Sherwood Boehlert as chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science.These reconstructions had been dubbed ""hockey stick graphs"" after the 1999 reconstruction by Mann, Bradley and Hughes (MBH99), which used the methodology of their 1998 reconstruction covering 600 years (MBH98). A graph based on MBH99 was featured prominently in the 2001 IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR), and became a focus of the global warming controversy over the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It was disputed by various contrarians, and in the politicisation of this hockey stick controversy the New York Times of 14 February 2005 hailed a paper by businessman Stephen McIntyre and economist Ross McKitrick (MM05) as undermining the scientific consensus behind the Kyoto agreement. On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, wrote joint letters referring to issues raised by the Wall Street Journal article, and demanding that Mann, Bradley and Hughes provide full records on their data and methods, finances and careers, information about grants provided to the institutions they had worked for, and the exact computer codes used to generate their results. Boehlert said this was a ""misguided and illegitimate investigation"" into something that should properly be under the jurisdiction of the Science Committee, and in November 2005 after Barton dismissed the offer of an independent investigation organised by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Boehlert requested the review, which became the North Report.The North Report went through a rigorous review process, and was published on 22 June 2006. It concluded ""with a high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries"", justified by consistent evidence from a wide variety of geographically diverse proxies, but ""Less confidence can be placed in large-scale surface temperature reconstructions for the period from 900 to 1600"". It broadly agreed with the basic findings of the original MBH studies, which subsequently been supported by other reconstructions and proxy records, while emphasising uncertainties over earlier periods. The principal component analysis methodology that McIntyre and McKitrick had contested had a small tendency to bias results so was not recommended—but it had little influence on the final reconstructions, and other methods produced similar results.
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