Methodologies for Loss and Line Flow Allocation under a
... function. Although this approach yields negative transaction losses, only the absolute values of the transactions losses are used and the allocations are normalized. Recently, [8] presented a loss allocation method based on the resolution of differential equations stated in terms of the transactions ...
... function. Although this approach yields negative transaction losses, only the absolute values of the transactions losses are used and the allocations are normalized. Recently, [8] presented a loss allocation method based on the resolution of differential equations stated in terms of the transactions ...
20130226 PSC Item 08 Appendix L SOL-IROL Methodology
... R2 Determination of SOL Conditions in the Planning Horizon: Near and longer term planning addresses identification of needs and solutions in the time frame of 1 to 10 years, with particular focus on the first 5 years. Screening reliability analyses are performed in the 6-10 year period to identify p ...
... R2 Determination of SOL Conditions in the Planning Horizon: Near and longer term planning addresses identification of needs and solutions in the time frame of 1 to 10 years, with particular focus on the first 5 years. Screening reliability analyses are performed in the 6-10 year period to identify p ...
Numerical Analysis of the Magnetic Field of High
... high reliability, no electric ageing, no thermal ageing, operation equal to that of the overhead transmission line (i.e., auto-reclosure of the distance protection function), low environmental influence, etc. All of these beneficial factors will surely add to its increased application in the near fu ...
... high reliability, no electric ageing, no thermal ageing, operation equal to that of the overhead transmission line (i.e., auto-reclosure of the distance protection function), low environmental influence, etc. All of these beneficial factors will surely add to its increased application in the near fu ...
A. Internal Inductance
... The construction of ac generators was simpler. The construction of ac motors was simpler. Moreover they were more robust and cheaper than the dc motors even though not very sophisticated. With the advent of ac technology the electric power could reach more and more people. Also size of the gener ...
... The construction of ac generators was simpler. The construction of ac motors was simpler. Moreover they were more robust and cheaper than the dc motors even though not very sophisticated. With the advent of ac technology the electric power could reach more and more people. Also size of the gener ...
Alberta Reliability Standard – BES Cyber System Categorization Cyber Security CIP-002-AB-5.1
... identifications required in requirement R1 and its parts, and has had its CIP senior manager or delegate approve the identifications required in requirement R1 and its parts at least once every 15 months, even if it has none identified in requirement R1 and its parts, as required by ...
... identifications required in requirement R1 and its parts, and has had its CIP senior manager or delegate approve the identifications required in requirement R1 and its parts at least once every 15 months, even if it has none identified in requirement R1 and its parts, as required by ...
Historical Summary of the Labrador-Island HVdc System (1974-Present)
... The next HVdc investigation was completed with the assistance of Teshmont Consultants, Inc. in 1998 and involved a series of technical modifications to previously proposed systems. These modifications involved the inclusion of an overload capacity for the HVdc system. Given the magnitude of the HVdc ...
... The next HVdc investigation was completed with the assistance of Teshmont Consultants, Inc. in 1998 and involved a series of technical modifications to previously proposed systems. These modifications involved the inclusion of an overload capacity for the HVdc system. Given the magnitude of the HVdc ...
North Carolina Electric Membership Corporation Facility Connection
... capability data needed to evaluate the compatibility of the proposed facility interconnection with the BES. 2.1.5. System Protection and Coordination NCEMC’s system protection requirements are intended to protect NCEMC’s transmission and generation systems from equipment damage, to ensure the safety ...
... capability data needed to evaluate the compatibility of the proposed facility interconnection with the BES. 2.1.5. System Protection and Coordination NCEMC’s system protection requirements are intended to protect NCEMC’s transmission and generation systems from equipment damage, to ensure the safety ...
An improved method to measure the antenna resistance and
... plasma side, Fig. 3) and 480 mOhm for the right antenna loop at 30 MHz. These values include the calculated transmission line resistivity of 140 mOhm and the calculated dielectric losses which can be converted to a resistance of about 80 mOhm. Taking that into account, the loss resistance for the an ...
... plasma side, Fig. 3) and 480 mOhm for the right antenna loop at 30 MHz. These values include the calculated transmission line resistivity of 140 mOhm and the calculated dielectric losses which can be converted to a resistance of about 80 mOhm. Taking that into account, the loss resistance for the an ...
What Do We Know About Stray Voltage?
... The neutral wire on the primary distribution system is grounded 6 times per mile or more. These grounds are provided, in part, to reduce damage caused by lightening striking the power lines. The high voltage and low current carried by distribution lines is converted to lower voltage and higher curr ...
... The neutral wire on the primary distribution system is grounded 6 times per mile or more. These grounds are provided, in part, to reduce damage caused by lightening striking the power lines. The high voltage and low current carried by distribution lines is converted to lower voltage and higher curr ...
PDF
... power flow control, step changes of reactive power reference point have been applied to the designed control system. The simulation results are presented in Fig. 15-a and b for reactive power flows of receiving and sending ends. In this case, the load bus voltage and sending end voltage are shown in ...
... power flow control, step changes of reactive power reference point have been applied to the designed control system. The simulation results are presented in Fig. 15-a and b for reactive power flows of receiving and sending ends. In this case, the load bus voltage and sending end voltage are shown in ...
Comparative analysis of lightning overvoltages in distribution lines
... power networks. Beyond a doubt, one of serious causes of damages of network elements are direct and indirect lightning overvoltages [7–9, 21]. Such a threat concerns electrical equipment and particularly overhead and cable power lines. Distribution networks of middle voltage (MV) include traditional ...
... power networks. Beyond a doubt, one of serious causes of damages of network elements are direct and indirect lightning overvoltages [7–9, 21]. Such a threat concerns electrical equipment and particularly overhead and cable power lines. Distribution networks of middle voltage (MV) include traditional ...
Distribution Systems
... A considerable amount of effort is necessary to maintain an electric power supply within the requirements of various types of consumers. Some of the requirements of a good distribution system are : proper voltage, availability of power on demand and reliability. (i) Proper voltage. One important req ...
... A considerable amount of effort is necessary to maintain an electric power supply within the requirements of various types of consumers. Some of the requirements of a good distribution system are : proper voltage, availability of power on demand and reliability. (i) Proper voltage. One important req ...
Electric power transmission
Electric power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations located near demand centers. This is distinct from the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electric power distribution. Transmission lines, when interconnected with each other, become transmission networks. The combined transmission and distribution network is known as the ""power grid"" in North America, or just ""the grid"". In the United Kingdom, the network is known as the ""National Grid"".A wide area synchronous grid, also known as an ""interconnection"" in North America, directly connects a large number of generators delivering AC power with the same relative frequency, to a large number of consumers. For example, there are four major interconnections in North America (the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, the Quebec Interconnection and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) grid), and one large grid for most of continental Europe.The same relative frequency, but almost never the same relative phase as ac power interchange is a function of the phase difference between any two nodes in the network, and zero degrees difference means no power is interchanged; any phase difference up to 90 degrees is stable by the ""equal area criteria""; any phase difference above 90 degrees is absolutely unstable; the interchange partners are responsible for maintaining frequency as close to the utility frequency as is practical, and the phase differences between any two nodes significantly less than 90 degrees; should 90 degrees be exceeded, a system separation is executed, and remains separated until the trouble has been corrected.Historically, transmission and distribution lines were owned by the same company, but starting in the 1990s, many countries have liberalized the regulation of the electricity market in ways that have led to the separation of the electricity transmission business from the distribution business.