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The Origins of the Word “Martingale”
The Origins of the Word “Martingale”

On The Quantitative Definition of Risk
On The Quantitative Definition of Risk

Basic Business Statistics, 10th edition
Basic Business Statistics, 10th edition

... KEYWORDS: statistical independence, joint probability, multiplication rule 31. The probability that a new advertising campaign will increase sales is assessed as being 0.80. The probability that the cost of developing the new ad campaign can be kept within the original budget allocation is 0.40. Ass ...
Quantitative Analysis for Management, 12e (Render) Chapter 2
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... 51) If the sale of ice cream and pizza are independent, then as ice cream sales decrease by 60 percent during the winter months, pizza sales will A) increase by 60 percent. B) increase by 40 percent. C) decrease by 60 percent. D) decrease by 40 percent. E) be unrelated. Answer: E Diff: 2 Topic: FUND ...
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Bayesian Belief Network (BBN)

... node states. The acquisition of complete data on larger numbers of NCEs that have failed will facilitate the modification of the linear and sigmoid functions rather than direct changes to the leaf node CPTs. Justification for this approach is that this can actually work to the advantage of each drug ...
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Au/Gerner/Kot
Au/Gerner/Kot

... where: R is a random variable of relevance, and comes from a set such as: {y, n}, {0,0.1,. . . ,1}, and D is a random variable for documents, which might range over the set of documents in the corpus, or all possible documents, real or imagined. Note: Throughout the derivation P (D = d) > 0 holds tr ...
On solutions of stochastic differential equations with parameters
On solutions of stochastic differential equations with parameters

... of analogues of first entrance times for set-valued processes and their representability by first entrance times of selections. In Section 5 an example is given to illustrate the theoretical concept developed in the foregoing sections. We point out that this article addresses the case where f and G ...
Uncertainty and probability for branching selves
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... to identify candidate locations for various facial features. Although many methods are available for detecting features, in our experiments we have elected to use a technique based on matching descriptors produced by multi-orientation, multi-scale Gaussian derivative lters. Variations of this appro ...
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... the prevailing popularity of the “representative agent” assumption in previous tests of expected utility theory. We consider the more familiar case in which one cannot collect considerable data at the level of an individual. How is one to account for heterogeneous population processes in such settin ...
An introduction to probability theory
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Dissertations on Probability in Paris in the 1930s

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Uncertainty and probability for branching selves
Uncertainty and probability for branching selves

A simple D -sampling based PTAS for k-means and other Clustering problems
A simple D -sampling based PTAS for k-means and other Clustering problems

... centers as seeds. Based on these k centers, partition the set of points into k clusters, where each point gets assigned to the closest center. Now, we update the set of centers as the means of each of these clusters. This process is repeated till we get convergence. Although, this heuristic often pe ...
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Guaranteed Sparse Recovery under Linear Transformation

... recovery problems, that is, the signal is assumed to be sparse under a linear transformation D. It includes the well-known fused LASSO (Tibshirani et al., 2005) as a special case. The theoretical property of such problem has not been well understood yet, although it has achieved success in many appl ...
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Monty Hall Drives a Wedge between Judy Benjamin

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The History of Statistics A Select Bibliography (2nd edition) by Peter

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Guaranteed Sparse Recovery under Linear

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Quantum State Analysis: Probability theory as logic in

... state of knowledge. Therefore two different persons will in general assign different statistical operators to the same phenomenon, which we are going to see examples of in Papers D-E. Furthermore, since the statistical operator describing the quantum system depends on the context, it also depends on ...
Probabilistic Limit Theorems
Probabilistic Limit Theorems

... with probability 1. Moreover, the set of limit points of the sequence (Sn =an )n1 is almost surely equal to the interval [,; +] (we then say that X satis es the LIL). With the exception of the last statement on the LIL these statements may be shown to easily extend to nite dimensional random var ...
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Ars Conjectandi



Ars Conjectandi (Latin for The Art of Conjecturing) is a book on combinatorics and mathematical probability written by Jakob Bernoulli and published in 1713, eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli. The seminal work consolidated, apart from many combinatorial topics, many central ideas in probability theory, such as the very first version of the law of large numbers: indeed, it is widely regarded as the founding work of that subject. It also addressed problems that today are classified in the twelvefold way, and added to the subjects; consequently, it has been dubbed an important historical landmark in not only probability but all combinatorics by a plethora of mathematical historians. The importance of this early work had a large impact on both contemporary and later mathematicians; for example, Abraham de Moivre.Bernoulli wrote the text between 1684 and 1689, including the work of mathematicians such as Christiaan Huygens, Gerolamo Cardano, Pierre de Fermat, and Blaise Pascal. He incorporated fundamental combinatorial topics such as his theory of permutations and combinations—the aforementioned problems from the twelvefold way—as well as those more distantly connected to the burgeoning subject: the derivation and properties of the eponymous Bernoulli numbers, for instance. Core topics from probability, such as expected value, were also a significant portion of this important work.
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