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... supercontinent in which all continents were once attached. It began breaking apart about 200 million years ago Convection – a process by which energy is transferred to cause warmer less dense air or liquid to rise while the dense cooler liquid or air is pushed down. ...
angle of inclination
angle of inclination

... for the temp. where the minerals “lock in” to this orientation ...
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction

... Figure 1-3. Variation in P and S wave velocities with depth. Compositional subdivisions of the Earth are on the left, rheological subdivisions on the right. After Kearey and Vine (1990), Global Tectonics. © Blackwell Scientific. Oxford. ...
additional Powerpoint for these notes.
additional Powerpoint for these notes.

... 35 minutes to birth of Christ 1 hour+ to pyramids 3 hours to retreat of glaciers from Wisconsin 12 days = 1 million years 2 years to extinction of dinosaurs 14 years to age of Niagara Escarpment 31 years = 1 billion years ...
0004_EarthProcesses
0004_EarthProcesses

... • Igneous = formed by the cooling and crystallization of magma (melted rock) • Sedimentary = formed from accumulation of weathered material (sediments) • Metamorphic = formed from preexisting rocks that have been transformed (changed) ...
Plate Tectonics Unit Assessment Study Guide Answers
Plate Tectonics Unit Assessment Study Guide Answers

... 17. Sometimes the rocky layers of opposite sides of a fault jam against each other, “locking” sections of the fault and preventing them from moving for a while. Pressure builds up in that section of the crust until the blockage is broken and the fault slips suddenly. What is that sudden slip called? ...
Three Mechanisms/Theories of Evolutionary Change: Fichter
Three Mechanisms/Theories of Evolutionary Change: Fichter

... The four major systems of Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere (3.1; these numbers refer to the “Big Ideas” from the Earth Science Literacy Principles developed by the Earth Science Literacy Initiative, National Science Foundation, updated version May 22, 2009; these numbe ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... (visible light, infrared radiation, ultraviolet light) Small amount of radiation penetrates, but a large amount of energy reaches earth. Excess heat is radiated back into the atmosphere. ...
Word format
Word format

... Geology is the study of the Earth and all its natural component parts that impact on each other. Although we have no reason to believe that the processes we see happening around us today were any different to the processes that have been occurring throughout Earth history, we know these processes ar ...
Geographic Influences on Identity
Geographic Influences on Identity

... Australia Antarctica Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean ...
Name - Effingham County Schools
Name - Effingham County Schools

... 52. Compared to rocks in Earth's crust, rocks in the mantle are more ___________. 53. Areas on Earth's surface that lie above the places where tectonic plates meet are characterized by _______________________________ activity. 54. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in areas of the Pacific Ocean ca ...
Environmental Science Chapter 3 Section 1
Environmental Science Chapter 3 Section 1

...  the continents are located on tectonic plates and move around with them  much of the geologic activity at the surface of the Earth takes place at the boundaries between tectonic plates –plates may move away from one another, collide with one another, or slip past one another  can cause mountains ...
Earth`s Interior
Earth`s Interior

... outer core force the solid inner core to spin at a slightly faster rate than the spinning of the whole Earth. • Earth’s magnetic field – Caused by the core movement – Causes the planet to act like a giant bar magnet ...
ROCKING AND ROLLING By Philip Steele DOWN UNDER Our
ROCKING AND ROLLING By Philip Steele DOWN UNDER Our

... 2. Why is certain information placed in boxes or frames? 3. How does magma change the shape of the Earth’s surface? 4. What is one fact y6ou learned from “Rocking and Rolling” that you did not know before? 5. How did using a reading strategy help you as you read this selection? ...
An active chain of volcanoes at p boundaries is called the Ring of F
An active chain of volcanoes at p boundaries is called the Ring of F

... Continents fitting together like puzzle parts and fossil correlations provide initial evidence that continents were once connected. The large landmass was known as Pangaea. Continental Drift Theory ...
AUGUSTA COUNTY SCHOOLS CURRICULUM MAP Submitted by
AUGUSTA COUNTY SCHOOLS CURRICULUM MAP Submitted by

... describe the structure of Earth in terms of its major layers — crust, mantle, and outer core and inner core — and how Earth’s interior affects the surface. differentiate among the three types of plate tectonic boundaries (divergent, convergent, and transform) and how these relate to the changing sur ...
World Geography
World Geography

... The Earth is composed of three main layers: – The core – The mantle – The crust • Many scientists believe that most of the landmasses forming our present-day continents were once part of one gigantic supercontinent called Pangaea. • Due to continental drift, they slowly separated. • Due to plate tec ...
High School Earth Science Curriculum Map
High School Earth Science Curriculum Map

... SES4. Students will understand how rock relationships and fossils are used to reconstruct the Earth’s past. a. Describe and apply principles of relative age (superposition, original horizontality, cross-cutting relations, and original lateral continuity) and describe how unconformities form. b. Inte ...
Just how integrated is the Earth System
Just how integrated is the Earth System

... Biosphere: The sphere that includes all living organisms. Plants, animals, and microbes are all part of the biosphere. It also includes organic matter not yet decomposed. Most of Earth’s life is found from about 3 metres below the ground to 30 meters above it and in the top 200 metres of the oceans ...
Sphere`s PowerPoint
Sphere`s PowerPoint

... Biosphere: The sphere that includes all living organisms. Plants, animals, and microbes are all part of the biosphere. It also includes organic matter not yet decomposed. Most of Earth’s life is found from about 3 metres below the ground to 30 meters above it and in the top 200 metres of the oceans ...
1 The Earth System
1 The Earth System

... Biosphere: The sphere that includes all living organisms. Plants, animals, and microbes are all part of the biosphere. It also includes organic matter not yet decomposed. Most of Earth’s life is found from about 3 metres below the ground to 30 meters above it and in the top 200 metres of the oceans ...
Final S2 ES Option one
Final S2 ES Option one

... Summarize the limitations of using the rates of erosion and deposition to determine the absolute age of rock formations. Explain how the process of radioactive decay can be used to determine the absolute age of rocks. Describe four ways in which entire organisms can be preserved as fossils. List fiv ...
Bell Work: 10/13/09
Bell Work: 10/13/09

... earthquakes have occurred in the past, we have a much better idea of where they are likely to occur in the future and can be prepared for them. Second, by gaining an understanding of how Earth works, we can better predict how the Earth will react to changes. For example, if we understand how the Ear ...
a. asthenosphere b. lithosphere c. mesosphere d. outer core e. inner
a. asthenosphere b. lithosphere c. mesosphere d. outer core e. inner

... 3. Why do less dense compounds make up Earth’s crust while the densest compounds make up the core? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. List the three layers of the Earth, based on their ...
Biology and the Living World
Biology and the Living World

... Scientific investigations use a series of six stages, called the scientific process, to study a scientific question. These stages are observations, forming hypotheses, making predictions, testing, establishing controls, and drawing conclusions (figure 1.7) (80.0K) . Hypotheses that hold up to testin ...
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Geobiology

Broadly defined, geobiology is an interdisciplinary field of scientific research that explores interactions between the biosphere and the lithosphere and/or the atmosphere.
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