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Transition amplitudes versus transition probabilities and a
Transition amplitudes versus transition probabilities and a

... Formulae (15.5) and (15.6) show clearly that in the classical limit, when ;,,~ 0, the two copies of space-time collapse into one, and only one trajectory, namely the one that is determined by the Newton equations, contributes to the transition probability. The same concept of a reduplicated space-ti ...
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Radiation of an Electric Charge in a Screened Magnetic Monopole Potential Abstract

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G. S. P. Castle. Contact Charging Between Particles: Some Current

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Measuring the Size of Elementary Particle Collisions

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... experiment does, however, require the beam and target spins to be polarized in the same direction. It should be observed that in Fig. 1.1 the di erential cross section for the scattering of composite particles is shown. This example demonstrates that it is necessary to consider these carbon nuclei a ...
Discrete quantum gravity: a mechanism for selecting the value of
Discrete quantum gravity: a mechanism for selecting the value of

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... possible noncommutativity of group elements [cf. Eq (1)], simple numbers are not always adequate to represent groups; we must often use matrices. The group C3v has three irreducible representations, or IR’s, which cannot be broken down into simpler representations. A trivial, but nonetheless importa ...
Symmetry and Supersymmetry - UCLA Department of Mathematics
Symmetry and Supersymmetry - UCLA Department of Mathematics

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Classification of Topologically ordered Phases

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Axion thermalization in the early universe

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Quantum field theory and gravitation

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One Hundred Years of Quantum Physics

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Quark_model_of_signs1

... >>> Darwinism conceives evolution as a consequence of random variation and >>> natural selection, hence it is based on *a materialistic, i.e. >>> matter-based, view of science inspired by classical physics.* But >>> matter in itself is considered a very complex notion in modern physics. More >>> spe ...
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Spin-liquids

... Slave Particle approach to itinerant non-Fermi liquids Decompose the electron: spinless charge e boson and s=1/2 neutral fermionic spinon, ...
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Quantum chromodynamics

In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions, a fundamental force describing the interactions between quarks and gluons which make up hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion. QCD is a type of quantum field theory called a non-abelian gauge theory with symmetry group SU(3). The QCD analog of electric charge is a property called color. Gluons are the force carrier of the theory, like photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics. A huge body of experimental evidence for QCD has been gathered over the years.QCD enjoys two peculiar properties:Confinement, which means that the force between quarks does not diminish as they are separated. Because of this, when you do separate a quark from other quarks, the energy in the gluon field is enough to create another quark pair; they are thus forever bound into hadrons such as the proton and the neutron or the pion and kaon. Although analytically unproven, confinement is widely believed to be true because it explains the consistent failure of free quark searches, and it is easy to demonstrate in lattice QCD.Asymptotic freedom, which means that in very high-energy reactions, quarks and gluons interact very weakly creating a quark–gluon plasma. This prediction of QCD was first discovered in the early 1970s by David Politzer and by Frank Wilczek and David Gross. For this work they were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.The phase transition temperature between these two properties has been measured by the ALICE experiment to be well above 160 MeV. Below this temperature, confinement is dominant, while above it, asymptotic freedom becomes dominant.
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