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Non-Abelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation
Non-Abelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation

... necessarily be rather sweeping in scope, simply to introduce the concepts of non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation, their inter-connections, and how they may be realized in physical systems, particularly in several fractional quantum Hall states. (For a popular account, see Collins, ...
221A Lecture Notes on Spin
221A Lecture Notes on Spin

... be found this decade thanks to higher-energy accelerators being built. Once it is found, it exhausts all theoretical possibilities of spin 0, 1/2, and 1. What about gravity? If you manage to quantize gravity consistently, you will find a spin 2 particle: graviton. The trouble is, to this date, nobod ...
Simulating Erosion Using ANSYS
Simulating Erosion Using ANSYS

Capture of the lamb: Diffusing predators seeking a diffusing prey
Capture of the lamb: Diffusing predators seeking a diffusing prey

... What is the survival probability of a diffusing lamb which is hunted by N hungry lions? Although this capture process is appealingly simple to define 共see Fig. 1兲, its long-time behavior1–3 poses a theoretical challenge because of the delicate interplay between the positions of the lamb and the clos ...
Download: PDF
Download: PDF

One Antimatter — Two Possible Thermodynamics
One Antimatter — Two Possible Thermodynamics

On the physical basis of cosmic time - Philsci
On the physical basis of cosmic time - Philsci

Operator Guide Standard Model
Operator Guide Standard Model

... problems, difficult to solve, in the other. To take advantage of both these sorts of problem solving, we must have tools to move back and forth between density operator and state vector form. While most quantum textbooks provide no method of obtaining spinors from density operators, we will, and we ...
Two-particle asynchronous quantum correlation: wavefunction
Two-particle asynchronous quantum correlation: wavefunction

Technical Information 1213: Specialty silica as flow aid, anticaking
Technical Information 1213: Specialty silica as flow aid, anticaking

... grades need to be dispersed in a way that provides a silica layer on the host powder’s surface. In contrast carrier silica, which usually consists of free flowing coarse particles, should be handled gently to avoid deagglomeration. The fundamentals of mixing silica are described in the literature (1 ...
The statistical interpretation according to Born and Heisenberg
The statistical interpretation according to Born and Heisenberg

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Jet Reconstruction in Heavy Ion Collisions
Jet Reconstruction in Heavy Ion Collisions

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The uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics

Shankar`s Principles of Quantum Mechanics
Shankar`s Principles of Quantum Mechanics

... decide how much of this to cover; the more students know of these matters, the better they will understand the connection between classical and quantum mechanics. Chapter 3 is devoted to a brief study of idealized experiments that betray the inadequacy of classical mechanics and give a glimpse of qu ...
QUANTUM COMPUTING: AN OVERVIEW
QUANTUM COMPUTING: AN OVERVIEW

A search for the Higgs boson in the decay to b-quarks
A search for the Higgs boson in the decay to b-quarks

PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.

... gravitons from Object 1 through Object 2 (dA2), and the distance between the centres of Objects 1 and 2 (r). This is the general form of the equation that will be used to evaluate two cases: Case 1: A cylindrical model of a human being standing on the surface of a large, spherical object (the Earth ...
Martin - Nuclear and Particle Physics
Martin - Nuclear and Particle Physics

Squeezed spin states
Squeezed spin states

... state (CSS) [4] is already squeezed if it is placed in an appropriate system of coordinates, and also that spin can be squeezed by just rotating the CSS. Squeezed light emission from an atomic system in a certain CSS [5] has been regarded as evidence justifying this definition [3]. However, it is by ...
Fermionization of Spin Systems
Fermionization of Spin Systems

LHC the guide
LHC the guide

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Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are ""tiny"", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability; see particle statistics #Quantum statistics for detailed explication.There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and fermions, which do not share quantum states due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Examples of fermions are electrons, neutrinos, quarks, protons, neutrons, and helium-3 nuclei.The fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics. Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. As a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behavior from distinguishable particles. For example, the indistinguishability of particles has been proposed as a solution to Gibbs' mixing paradox.
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