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Electrodynamic Containment of Charged Particles
Electrodynamic Containment of Charged Particles

... addition of a series voltage can cause the particle to vibrate with equal resultant motions in both directions (i.e., wz=w r ), and the trajectory will have the over-all appearance of a 1: 1 or circular Lissajous pattern. The approximate theory shows that this condition will occur when a z= - qz2/4. ...
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... U-235 nucleus can cause the nucleus to split, creating two smaller nuclides and three free neutrons. The three neutrons may travel outward from the fission, colliding with nearby U-235 nuclei, causing them to split as well. Each split (fission) is accompanied by a large quantity of energy. If suffic ...
Waves and currents - Olympiad
Waves and currents - Olympiad

A boost for quantum reality
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... computing power needed to crunch useful data, he says. At the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), ATLAS’s rival detector, physicists have trained their algorithms to triage data on the fly, analysing particle tracks in order of complexity. “Did you ever play the game ‘pick-up sticks?’,” asks Joe Incandela, ...
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... mostly floating around but not like gases where on the other hand of the gases, the gases are very wide apart from each other and they’re just roaming freely ...
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Chemistry Final Study Guide
Chemistry Final Study Guide

... Directions: Take out your McDougal Littell textbooks (Matter and Energy and Chemical Interactions). Work with your small group to complete the chemistry final study guide. Chapter 1 Matter & Energy – on AIMS Compound mass mixture ...
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Introduction to Feynman Diagrams and Dynamics of Interactions

... The basic vertex shows the coupling of a charged particle (an electron here) to a quantum of the electromagnetic field, the photon. Note that in my convention, time flows to the right. Energy and momentum are conserved at each vertex. Each vertex has a coupling strength characteristic of the interac ...
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PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SOME BIOMASS GRINDS

... of particles in the sample. The set of sieves was placed on the FRITSCH sieve shaker (Idar-Oberstein, Germany). The duration of sieving was 10 min, which was previously determined through trials to be optimal. This time duration was sufficient for all samples, because of their fluffy and fibrous nat ...
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Photoluminescence in quantum-confined SnO2 nanocrystals

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... One type of atom could convert itself into another type of atom Nuclear beta decay ...
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Elementary particle



In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.
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