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DNA and RNA
DNA and RNA

... into mice and observed that they did not die. Griffith's fourth experiment was to inject heat treated, killed, smooth strain mixed with the rough strain. ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

... C. This “transforming principle” was later identified by Avery and colleagues in 1944 as DNA D. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s experiments on bacteriophages 1. Labeled the protein coat with radioactive sulfur, the DNA with radioactive phosphorus 2. Found that only the phosphorus was found in the ...
Forensic DNA Analysis
Forensic DNA Analysis

... Single-cell sensitivity because each cell contains ~1000 mitochondria = very high contamination risk! Heteroplasmy - more than one mtDNA type manifesting in different tissues in the same individual Lower power of discrimination - maternal relatives all share the same mtDNA ...
Molecular Pathology - Fahd Al
Molecular Pathology - Fahd Al

... find correlations between therapeutic responses to drugs and the genetic profiles of patients. Expression screening. The focus of most current microarray-based studies is the monitoring of RNA expression levels which can be done by using either cDNA clone microarrays or gene-specific oligonucleotide ...
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... 2. Shotgun Sequencing - sequence all pieces at once, then assemble a) pro: much faster, cost-efficient, high-throughput parallel processing, universal primers b) con: requires much more (redundant) sequencing, must be assembled “Next Generation” sequencing: Over the past few years, new sequencing m ...
Problem Set 2B
Problem Set 2B

... Let one of the chromosomes contain an inversion that includes P, Q, and R. Remember that the chromosomes are duplicated at this time, and thus contain sister chromatids. (For the exam you should be able to do this for deletions and duplications too.) ...
wind your way around your own dna - Ozias
wind your way around your own dna - Ozias

... Each of the 46 human chromosomes contains the DNA for hundreds or thousands of individual genes, the units of heredity. A GENE Each gene is a segment of double-stranded DNA that holds the recipe for making a specific molecule, usually protein. These recipes are spelled out in varying sequences of th ...
Bio07_TR__U04_CH14.QXD
Bio07_TR__U04_CH14.QXD

Chapter 12: Genetic Engineering
Chapter 12: Genetic Engineering

... Genetic engineering could not have come about without the development of a ______________________________ to support the process o A way to carefully _________________________ containing the gene away from the genes surrounding it o Find a way to ________________________________ with a piece of DNA ...
MBP 1022, LECTURE 3 DAN-ct30
MBP 1022, LECTURE 3 DAN-ct30

... DNA and RNA. There are five major bases found in cells. The derivatives of purine are called adenine and guanine, and the derivatives of pyrimidine are called thymine, cytosine and uracil. The common abbreviations used for these five bases are, A, G, T, C and U. The purine and pyrimidine bases in ce ...
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GEN2MHG – MOLECULAR AND HUMAN GENETICS DNA is made

... ▪ DNA polymerase has two catalytic sites -> one for DNA synthesis, one for proofreading -> when an incorrect base is added a conformational change occurs allowing for removal of incorrect base * a need for proofreading explains why DNA synthesis occurs in 5’ to 3’ direction Replication Origins; ▪ DN ...
DNA Technology
DNA Technology

... that we want to copy. These bind to their complementary bases along the single strands of DNA. This is annealing Polymerase and nucleotides are added and the sample is heated to 72⁰C. A new copy of the nucleic acid is made from the starting sequences formed by the primers. This is extending. At the ...
Biotechnology Powerpoint
Biotechnology Powerpoint

... Recombinant DNA: A new DNA sequence created when the DNA of one organism is inserted into the DNA of another organism. This “new combination” of DNA is known as recombinant DNA. ...
Gregor Mendel & DNA structure
Gregor Mendel & DNA structure

... colour was more powerful than the factor for green colour Mendel said that the yellow factor "dominated" the green factor We now recognise that these factors are alleles of genes with slightly different instructions on homologous chromosomes and that one allele is dominant to the other ...
BioSc 231 Exam 5 2005
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... _____ A restriction fragment containing a specific gene of interest can be identified by gel electrophoresis followed by transferring the DNA to a membrane as a solid support matrix using a procedure called A. a Southern blot B. an allozyme C. identification of a gene D. a restriction fragment lengt ...
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Ch 8 Genetic Technology and Diagnostics

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1 Evolution of Genome Size 1. The C

... Also known as interspersed repetitive elements or “jumping genes” TEs are pieces of DNA that can move within the genome and increase in number. About 50% of the human genome is made up of TEs and remnants of TEs. There are two major types of TEs: transposons and retrotransposons, which are classifie ...
Genetic Engineering Notes 2017
Genetic Engineering Notes 2017

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MCB 110 Problem set 2. DNA replication - Answers
MCB 110 Problem set 2. DNA replication - Answers

... 13. ATP or NAD+ play the same role in the reactions of different DNA ligases. What is this role? Add an AMP leaving group to activate the 5’ PO4 for nucleophilic attack by the 3’ OH. 14. What is the function of the tau subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme? Binds both polymerases of the repli ...
BMT DNASkeletonSerologyOdontology
BMT DNASkeletonSerologyOdontology

... been challenged for several reasons. First, because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted,” a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is oft ...
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8.1-8.3 WORKSHEET Section 8.1 – Identifying DNA as the

Document
Document

Slajd 1
Slajd 1

fance - Baylor College of Medicine
fance - Baylor College of Medicine

... hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. Characteristic clinical features include developmental abnormalities in major organ systems, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a high predisposition to cancer. Definitive genotype/phenotype corr ...
Niemann Pick LAB
Niemann Pick LAB

... 2) what are the risks of future children in the family developing the disease ? ...
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Comparative genomic hybridization



Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.
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