CHAPTER 21
... E11. In general terms, what is a polymorphism? Explain the molecular basis for a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). How is an RFLP detected experimentally? Why are RFLPs useful in physical mapping studies? How can they be used to clone a particular gene? Answer: A polymorphism refers t ...
... E11. In general terms, what is a polymorphism? Explain the molecular basis for a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). How is an RFLP detected experimentally? Why are RFLPs useful in physical mapping studies? How can they be used to clone a particular gene? Answer: A polymorphism refers t ...
Chapter 13: Genetic Technology
... Smaller DNA fragments move faster and further How do you end up with different size fragments that are unique to each individual? Tandem Repeat – region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a DNA sequence The origin and significance of tandem repeats is a mystery For forensic s ...
... Smaller DNA fragments move faster and further How do you end up with different size fragments that are unique to each individual? Tandem Repeat – region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a DNA sequence The origin and significance of tandem repeats is a mystery For forensic s ...
Methods to analyze RNA expression
... What is Real-Time RT-qPCR? • Similar protocol as RT-PCR but rather than checking the presence of products at the end of the reaction by gel electrophoresis, the presence and amplification are tested at the end of every PCR cycles (hence “real-time”). • Fluorescence-based detection of amplificatio ...
... What is Real-Time RT-qPCR? • Similar protocol as RT-PCR but rather than checking the presence of products at the end of the reaction by gel electrophoresis, the presence and amplification are tested at the end of every PCR cycles (hence “real-time”). • Fluorescence-based detection of amplificatio ...
Lecture 5
... Eukaryotic chromosomal organization • Many eukaryotes are diploid (2N) • The amount of DNA that eukaryotes have varies; the amount of DNA is not necessarily related to the complexity (Amoeba proteus has a larger amount of DNA than Homo sapiens) • Eukaryotic chromosomes are integrated with proteins ...
... Eukaryotic chromosomal organization • Many eukaryotes are diploid (2N) • The amount of DNA that eukaryotes have varies; the amount of DNA is not necessarily related to the complexity (Amoeba proteus has a larger amount of DNA than Homo sapiens) • Eukaryotic chromosomes are integrated with proteins ...
Chapter 12 Learning Objectives
... 18. Explain how the following enzymes are involved in DNA replication: DNA polymerase, helicase ...
... 18. Explain how the following enzymes are involved in DNA replication: DNA polymerase, helicase ...
nucleic acid
... temperature, the absorption value at 260nm would increased sharply，which indicates that the double strand helix DNA was separated into single strand. When the absorption value increases to 40%, the value change would low down, which indicates the double strands had been completely separated. ...
... temperature, the absorption value at 260nm would increased sharply，which indicates that the double strand helix DNA was separated into single strand. When the absorption value increases to 40%, the value change would low down, which indicates the double strands had been completely separated. ...
DNA Technology and Genomes
... impact, unknown effect on other organisms, loss of flora and fauna biodiversity Access and Intellectual Property: domination of world food production by few companies; increased dependence on industrial nations by developing countries; Ethics: violation of natural organisms’ intrinsic values; tamper ...
... impact, unknown effect on other organisms, loss of flora and fauna biodiversity Access and Intellectual Property: domination of world food production by few companies; increased dependence on industrial nations by developing countries; Ethics: violation of natural organisms’ intrinsic values; tamper ...
The Body in Motion
... the amplified product is linked to a fluorescent reporter molecule, the fluorescence is measured at each cycle. This allows the amplification to be monitored to optimize the efficiency of amplification. ...
... the amplified product is linked to a fluorescent reporter molecule, the fluorescence is measured at each cycle. This allows the amplification to be monitored to optimize the efficiency of amplification. ...
Answers to Problem Set 3A
... Note that the enzymes (numbers) are placed in locations they are likely to be functioning with respect to the way the DNA molecules are presented (ie, the topology of the DNA). This is a simplified view. For example, you could have placed DNA polymerase III (the circled number 6) at either of the t ...
... Note that the enzymes (numbers) are placed in locations they are likely to be functioning with respect to the way the DNA molecules are presented (ie, the topology of the DNA). This is a simplified view. For example, you could have placed DNA polymerase III (the circled number 6) at either of the t ...
Biotechnology
... to determine whether they come from a particular individual – Compares genetic markers from noncoding regions that show variation between individuals – Involves amplification (copying) of markers for analysis – PCR!!! – Sizes of amplified fragments are compared ...
... to determine whether they come from a particular individual – Compares genetic markers from noncoding regions that show variation between individuals – Involves amplification (copying) of markers for analysis – PCR!!! – Sizes of amplified fragments are compared ...
protein synthesis lab
... a segment of a chromosome being oriented in the wrong 6. How do you think inversions of a chromosome affect an organism? direction. ...
... a segment of a chromosome being oriented in the wrong 6. How do you think inversions of a chromosome affect an organism? direction. ...
video slide
... not two samples of genetic material are from a particular individual. – It can also show how related two organisms are to each other by the similarity of their DNA fingerprints ...
... not two samples of genetic material are from a particular individual. – It can also show how related two organisms are to each other by the similarity of their DNA fingerprints ...
pp Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best
... Separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis ____. a. requires priming b. is controlled by the size of the fragment c. is based on the positive charges of phosphate groups d. is difficult to accomplish e. needs a detergent to denature proteins Sanger's method for determining the nucleotide seq ...
... Separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis ____. a. requires priming b. is controlled by the size of the fragment c. is based on the positive charges of phosphate groups d. is difficult to accomplish e. needs a detergent to denature proteins Sanger's method for determining the nucleotide seq ...
Biology B Final Review ANSWERS
... A. They pass on to their offspring new characteristics they acquired during their lifetimes. B. They are better adapted to exist in their environment than others. C. They do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. D. They tend to produce fewer of ...
... A. They pass on to their offspring new characteristics they acquired during their lifetimes. B. They are better adapted to exist in their environment than others. C. They do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. D. They tend to produce fewer of ...
dna replication
... • 3’ to 5’ strand replication • Solved by Reiji Okazaki • He saw - one strand made in a continuous manner (leading strand) and the other from short discontinuous pieces (lagging strand) • The discontinuous pieces are known as ...
... • 3’ to 5’ strand replication • Solved by Reiji Okazaki • He saw - one strand made in a continuous manner (leading strand) and the other from short discontinuous pieces (lagging strand) • The discontinuous pieces are known as ...
Lab 4 Restriction Enzyme Digestions and Mapping
... him. He might be able to purify the protein or use genetic analysis to tell what other genes were close to "his" gene, but he could not physically locate the gene on the chromosome nor manipulate it. The scientist could purify the chromosome but then he had a huge piece of DNA containing thousands o ...
... him. He might be able to purify the protein or use genetic analysis to tell what other genes were close to "his" gene, but he could not physically locate the gene on the chromosome nor manipulate it. The scientist could purify the chromosome but then he had a huge piece of DNA containing thousands o ...
Chapter 20 DNA Metabolism Gene: A segment of DNA or RNA that
... extends the nontemplate DNA and moves the nick to where it dissociates. Fig. 20.13b "Nick Translation" DNA or RNA ...
... extends the nontemplate DNA and moves the nick to where it dissociates. Fig. 20.13b "Nick Translation" DNA or RNA ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.