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... 1.3 What is code division multiple access (CDMA)? • CDMA: – A multiple access scheme which allows multiple users to communicate simultaneously using the same frequency band by assigning different ‘codes’ to different users. Usually, CDMA is achieved by spread spectrum techniques. ...
... 1.3 What is code division multiple access (CDMA)? • CDMA: – A multiple access scheme which allows multiple users to communicate simultaneously using the same frequency band by assigning different ‘codes’ to different users. Usually, CDMA is achieved by spread spectrum techniques. ...
G4-Amateur-Radio-Practices
... G4A14 What is likely to happen if a transceiver's ALC system is not set properly when transmitting AFSK signals with the radio using single sideband mode? A. ALC will invent the modulaton of the AFSK mode B. Improper action of ALC distorts the signal and can cause spurious emissions C. When using d ...
... G4A14 What is likely to happen if a transceiver's ALC system is not set properly when transmitting AFSK signals with the radio using single sideband mode? A. ALC will invent the modulaton of the AFSK mode B. Improper action of ALC distorts the signal and can cause spurious emissions C. When using d ...
Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks - GUC
... • H0 represents the null hypothesis meaning that there is no primary signal and only AWGN noise exists , H1 describes the existence of a primary user’s signal in addition to AWGN noise • The detection statistics T is compared with a threshold λ to know whether the primary user’s signal exists or not ...
... • H0 represents the null hypothesis meaning that there is no primary signal and only AWGN noise exists , H1 describes the existence of a primary user’s signal in addition to AWGN noise • The detection statistics T is compared with a threshold λ to know whether the primary user’s signal exists or not ...
LDC500 Series: RF Modulation of Injection Current
... bandwidth of less than 5kHz, so any injection signal with 5kHz or higher won’t affect the photocurrent. If the injection signal frequency is within the feedback loop bandwidth, the photodiode current will be suppressed. So the modulation effect will fade away as frequency ...
... bandwidth of less than 5kHz, so any injection signal with 5kHz or higher won’t affect the photocurrent. If the injection signal frequency is within the feedback loop bandwidth, the photodiode current will be suppressed. So the modulation effect will fade away as frequency ...
Feb 2000 ADSL Line Driver/Receiver Design Guide, Part 1
... Although the data rates shown in Table 1 are impressively fast, they are, indeed, theoretical. In an actual connection over the phone line, all manner of interference sources will alter the frequency response over the 1.2MHz band. These interference sources can contaminate or attenuate many of the c ...
... Although the data rates shown in Table 1 are impressively fast, they are, indeed, theoretical. In an actual connection over the phone line, all manner of interference sources will alter the frequency response over the 1.2MHz band. These interference sources can contaminate or attenuate many of the c ...
EE105 – Fall 2014 Microelectronic Devices and Circuits Introduction to Amplifiers
... Small-Signal Operation Diode Small-Signal Model (cont.) • gd is small but non-zero for ID = 0 because slope of diode equation is nonzero at the origin. • At the origin, the diode conductance and resistance are given by: ...
... Small-Signal Operation Diode Small-Signal Model (cont.) • gd is small but non-zero for ID = 0 because slope of diode equation is nonzero at the origin. • At the origin, the diode conductance and resistance are given by: ...
Wireless Communications and Networks
... in the noise that’s present at a particular point in the transmission Typically measured at a receiver Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, or S/N) signal power ( SNR) dB 10 log 10 noise power ...
... in the noise that’s present at a particular point in the transmission Typically measured at a receiver Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, or S/N) signal power ( SNR) dB 10 log 10 noise power ...
Bandwidth
... The signal undergoes some amount of degradation from noise, interference and distortion Receiver: The receiver’s function is to extract the desired signal from the received signal at the channel output and to convert it to a form suitable for the output transducer. Other functions performed by the r ...
... The signal undergoes some amount of degradation from noise, interference and distortion Receiver: The receiver’s function is to extract the desired signal from the received signal at the channel output and to convert it to a form suitable for the output transducer. Other functions performed by the r ...
DT3: RF On/Off Remote Control Technology
... Radio Frequency Spans from 3kHz to 300GHz Advantage: Long Distance No stress on line-of-sight ...
... Radio Frequency Spans from 3kHz to 300GHz Advantage: Long Distance No stress on line-of-sight ...
JF BAI ENGINEERING 3C2 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
... 0.5V and λ=0V-1. The manufacturing process allows a minimum dimension of 0.5µm and all dimensions must be integer multiples of this. A simple common-source amplifier is to operate with a load resistance of 100kΩ and a bias gate-source voltage VGS = 1V to provide a gain of 40. Determine the minimum c ...
... 0.5V and λ=0V-1. The manufacturing process allows a minimum dimension of 0.5µm and all dimensions must be integer multiples of this. A simple common-source amplifier is to operate with a load resistance of 100kΩ and a bias gate-source voltage VGS = 1V to provide a gain of 40. Determine the minimum c ...
Spectral analysis of a PWM signal
... spectrum of such a signal, focusing on how the harmonics content changes with variations in duty cycle. The PWM waveform A pulse-width modulated signal such as the one output by a microcontroller is shaped like a rectangle wave and has a fixed frequency. The signal has two levels, high and low, whic ...
... spectrum of such a signal, focusing on how the harmonics content changes with variations in duty cycle. The PWM waveform A pulse-width modulated signal such as the one output by a microcontroller is shaped like a rectangle wave and has a fixed frequency. The signal has two levels, high and low, whic ...
Communication system
... signals lumped under the broad term noise, which are random and unpredictable signals from causes external ( such interference from signals transmitted on nearby channels) and internal ( such noise resulted from thermal motion of electrons in conductors). ...
... signals lumped under the broad term noise, which are random and unpredictable signals from causes external ( such interference from signals transmitted on nearby channels) and internal ( such noise resulted from thermal motion of electrons in conductors). ...
LOW-ANGLE BEAM RIDING OVER THE OCEAN
... cycle; however, the actual result is that the sharp negative spikes never reach the full theoretical value, yielding an integrated bias that appears as a net "fly-up" error. Additional filtering and nonlinearities in the missile equations yield weird combinations of "fly-up" and "fly-down" net biase ...
... cycle; however, the actual result is that the sharp negative spikes never reach the full theoretical value, yielding an integrated bias that appears as a net "fly-up" error. Additional filtering and nonlinearities in the missile equations yield weird combinations of "fly-up" and "fly-down" net biase ...
3 - impulse response
... Sampling frequency must be at least twice of the largest frequency in the signal being sampled. A frequency equal to half the sampling frequency is named the “Nyquist frequency”, and is the maximum frequency allowed in the signal. For avoiding the presence of signals at frequencies higher than the N ...
... Sampling frequency must be at least twice of the largest frequency in the signal being sampled. A frequency equal to half the sampling frequency is named the “Nyquist frequency”, and is the maximum frequency allowed in the signal. For avoiding the presence of signals at frequencies higher than the N ...
radio communications: am and fm
... The noise added to the FM signal by the receiver will also be occupying the same band as the FM signal itself. Such bandpass noise will corrupt the instantaneous value of the FM signal, and thus corrupt the zero-crossings. It is the corruption of the zero-crossings that will affect the demodulated s ...
... The noise added to the FM signal by the receiver will also be occupying the same band as the FM signal itself. Such bandpass noise will corrupt the instantaneous value of the FM signal, and thus corrupt the zero-crossings. It is the corruption of the zero-crossings that will affect the demodulated s ...