Garzione, C. N., P. Molnar, J. C. Libarkin, and B, MacFadden (2006), Rapid Late Miocene rise
... broadband recordings of P-to-S wave conversions at the Moho (receiver functions) indicate that the topography of the Andean plateau reflects Airy isostatic conditions, with crustal thicknesses in excess of 70 km below the Eastern and Western Cordillera and between 59 and 64 km in the central Altipla ...
... broadband recordings of P-to-S wave conversions at the Moho (receiver functions) indicate that the topography of the Andean plateau reflects Airy isostatic conditions, with crustal thicknesses in excess of 70 km below the Eastern and Western Cordillera and between 59 and 64 km in the central Altipla ...
Integration of Geophysical Data to Define a Structural
... The east-west dextral simple shear regime affecting the southern edge of the Caribbean has developed strike-slip faults of first-order, such as Oca, San Sebastian, La Victoria, and El Pilar; conjugated synthetic faults such as Tacata, Charallave, and Margarita; and subordinate antithetic faults (Aud ...
... The east-west dextral simple shear regime affecting the southern edge of the Caribbean has developed strike-slip faults of first-order, such as Oca, San Sebastian, La Victoria, and El Pilar; conjugated synthetic faults such as Tacata, Charallave, and Margarita; and subordinate antithetic faults (Aud ...
101 - Durham University Community
... Basaltic magmatism that builds intra-plate ocean islands is often considered to be genetically associated with “hotspots” or “mantle plumes”. While there have been many discussions on why ocean island basalts (OIB) are geochemically highly enriched as an integral part of the mantle plume hypothesis, ...
... Basaltic magmatism that builds intra-plate ocean islands is often considered to be genetically associated with “hotspots” or “mantle plumes”. While there have been many discussions on why ocean island basalts (OIB) are geochemically highly enriched as an integral part of the mantle plume hypothesis, ...
1 Introduction Contents
... The high reliefs found in the area, the Taurus Mountains and the Kyrenia Range, must have therefore mostly developed at later stages, effectively dismembering this northeast Mediterranean basin into the modern basins seen in the area (Fig. 1.5). While the growth of the Kyrenia Range occurs in relati ...
... The high reliefs found in the area, the Taurus Mountains and the Kyrenia Range, must have therefore mostly developed at later stages, effectively dismembering this northeast Mediterranean basin into the modern basins seen in the area (Fig. 1.5). While the growth of the Kyrenia Range occurs in relati ...
Basic Physical Geography
... becomes mildly acidic, or mildly alkaline, depending on the chemicals produced by the decomposing vegetation. These acidic or alkaline solutions then contribute to the process of chemical weathering. Erosion can occur once rock material is reduced in size enough that the force of gravity, moving wat ...
... becomes mildly acidic, or mildly alkaline, depending on the chemicals produced by the decomposing vegetation. These acidic or alkaline solutions then contribute to the process of chemical weathering. Erosion can occur once rock material is reduced in size enough that the force of gravity, moving wat ...
Data Collection: Recording Metamorphism and Lithology at the
... part of the exposed bedrock and maintained the alignment of the source bedrock. Each specimen was recorded with north facing alignment, angle of dip, and elevation. Specimens were separated from the bedrock by utilizing pre-existing cracks in the bedrock. A hand lens evaluation of each specimen was ...
... part of the exposed bedrock and maintained the alignment of the source bedrock. Each specimen was recorded with north facing alignment, angle of dip, and elevation. Specimens were separated from the bedrock by utilizing pre-existing cracks in the bedrock. A hand lens evaluation of each specimen was ...
ON THE REGIONAL VARIATION OF HEAT FLOW
... the province. Thus the mean heat flow of a province, like the local flux at individual sites, comprises contributions from within and below an enriched zone. It is apparent from Table I that b lies within a quite restricted range; 8.5 + 1.5 km encompasses most results. The effect that a 3-kilometer ...
... the province. Thus the mean heat flow of a province, like the local flux at individual sites, comprises contributions from within and below an enriched zone. It is apparent from Table I that b lies within a quite restricted range; 8.5 + 1.5 km encompasses most results. The effect that a 3-kilometer ...
Thermo-mechanical model of the Dead Sea Transform
... We employ finite-element thermo-mechanical modelling to study the dynamics of a continental transform boundary between the Arabian and African plates marked by the Dead Sea Transform (DST), that accommodated ca 105 km of relative transform displacement during the last 20 Myr. We show that in the ini ...
... We employ finite-element thermo-mechanical modelling to study the dynamics of a continental transform boundary between the Arabian and African plates marked by the Dead Sea Transform (DST), that accommodated ca 105 km of relative transform displacement during the last 20 Myr. We show that in the ini ...
Discovering Plate Boundaries
... Convergent (subducting) plate boundaries are also seen quite easily in the earthquake map. Subducting plate boundaries are characterized by shallow earthquakes occurring on both sides of the plate boundary and intermediate and deep earthquakes occurring on one side of the boundary. The deper quakes ...
... Convergent (subducting) plate boundaries are also seen quite easily in the earthquake map. Subducting plate boundaries are characterized by shallow earthquakes occurring on both sides of the plate boundary and intermediate and deep earthquakes occurring on one side of the boundary. The deper quakes ...
Connecticut Geology - Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History
... Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that provides the best explanation for the large-scale motions of Earth’s surface over geologic time scales, along with associated phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain building. The lithosphere, made up of the crust and upper ma ...
... Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that provides the best explanation for the large-scale motions of Earth’s surface over geologic time scales, along with associated phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain building. The lithosphere, made up of the crust and upper ma ...
Iceland is cool: An origin for the Iceland volcanic province in the
... mid-Atlantic ridge (MAR) where it crosses the Caledonian suture. In the context of a plume, this is a coincidence. For a mantle plume currently beneath Iceland to have been fixed relative to other Atlantic and Indian ocean hotspots, it must have migrated southeastwards at a rate of ~ 2 cm/a relative ...
... mid-Atlantic ridge (MAR) where it crosses the Caledonian suture. In the context of a plume, this is a coincidence. For a mantle plume currently beneath Iceland to have been fixed relative to other Atlantic and Indian ocean hotspots, it must have migrated southeastwards at a rate of ~ 2 cm/a relative ...
Imaging the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary
... RYCHERT AND SHEARER: IMAGING THE PACIFIC LAB USING SSLIP ...
... RYCHERT AND SHEARER: IMAGING THE PACIFIC LAB USING SSLIP ...
Plate tectonics began in Neoproterozoic time
... characteristics of oceanic mantle and obviates all need for deepsourced plumes; conversely, plume theory does not explain those characteristics (Anderson, in press). Shearing also smears out deep subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Subduction did not operate during most of Precambrian time, but dela ...
... characteristics of oceanic mantle and obviates all need for deepsourced plumes; conversely, plume theory does not explain those characteristics (Anderson, in press). Shearing also smears out deep subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Subduction did not operate during most of Precambrian time, but dela ...
Seismogenic zones in Eastern Turkey
... depths were fixed to 10 km. The one PDE event that did not have fixed depth was within 2 km deeper than the ETSE hypocentral depth solution. We also recorded a Mw 5.5 earthquake that occurred along the southern portion of LakeVan (Figure 1). The hypocentral depth for this even was 23 km depth, howe ...
... depths were fixed to 10 km. The one PDE event that did not have fixed depth was within 2 km deeper than the ETSE hypocentral depth solution. We also recorded a Mw 5.5 earthquake that occurred along the southern portion of LakeVan (Figure 1). The hypocentral depth for this even was 23 km depth, howe ...
Scientific Drilling
... expeditions proposed by April 2013 (Fig. 1) will investigate the relative roles of ocean heat transport and greenhouse gas forcing in the warming and cooling of Earth’s climate, ice sheet stability and non-linear climate feedbacks, and pole to equator teleconnections. The work will also help to reso ...
... expeditions proposed by April 2013 (Fig. 1) will investigate the relative roles of ocean heat transport and greenhouse gas forcing in the warming and cooling of Earth’s climate, ice sheet stability and non-linear climate feedbacks, and pole to equator teleconnections. The work will also help to reso ...
Chapter 1 - Springer
... units. The main metamorphic events are also irregularly distributed in time and space (Frey et al. 1999): Tertiary in the western Alps, Cretaceous in the Austroalpine units of the eastern Alps. The western Alps include outcrops of blueschists and coesite-bearing, eclogite-facies rocks formed at pres ...
... units. The main metamorphic events are also irregularly distributed in time and space (Frey et al. 1999): Tertiary in the western Alps, Cretaceous in the Austroalpine units of the eastern Alps. The western Alps include outcrops of blueschists and coesite-bearing, eclogite-facies rocks formed at pres ...
Receiver Function Deconvolution
... to remove spurious apparent high--moveout receiver function features while preserving true receiver function phases (Wilson and Aster, 2005). ...
... to remove spurious apparent high--moveout receiver function features while preserving true receiver function phases (Wilson and Aster, 2005). ...
Geology
... Showa-machi 3173-25, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Japan ...
... Showa-machi 3173-25, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Japan ...
plate tectonics lab worksheet
... Click on each of the boxes to the right of the simulation to learn more about the animal life and general features on Earth during ...
... Click on each of the boxes to the right of the simulation to learn more about the animal life and general features on Earth during ...
Context > See-Through Body > Teaching and Learning
... Name a plate boundary where there are more volcanoes than earthquakes. North American plate/Eurasian plate – Iceland. There is a group of volcanoes in east Africa where there is not a plate boundary. This is the East African Rift Valley, where the African plate is being split into two separate p ...
... Name a plate boundary where there are more volcanoes than earthquakes. North American plate/Eurasian plate – Iceland. There is a group of volcanoes in east Africa where there is not a plate boundary. This is the East African Rift Valley, where the African plate is being split into two separate p ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.