latest eocene to middle miocene plate tectonic model of the caribbean
... regionally-discrete magmatic stages is separated by structural unconformities due to tectonic deformation and uplift, hiatus related to erosion and nondeposition, and deposition of coarse clastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks (Iturralde-Vinent 1994a, c, 1995, 1996, 1997). This conception of period ...
... regionally-discrete magmatic stages is separated by structural unconformities due to tectonic deformation and uplift, hiatus related to erosion and nondeposition, and deposition of coarse clastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks (Iturralde-Vinent 1994a, c, 1995, 1996, 1997). This conception of period ...
41. Regional Synthesis of the Deep Sea Drilling Results from Leg 22
... Site 211, this is 5 m.y. older than the crust at the beginning of anomaly 33 to the north (71 m.y.B P. on the time scale in Figure 4b and Chapter 13, Figs. 1 and 2. Thus, the drilling data are consistent with the magnetic identifications to the north and are strong but not positive evidence that the ...
... Site 211, this is 5 m.y. older than the crust at the beginning of anomaly 33 to the north (71 m.y.B P. on the time scale in Figure 4b and Chapter 13, Figs. 1 and 2. Thus, the drilling data are consistent with the magnetic identifications to the north and are strong but not positive evidence that the ...
Powerpoint
... Know the three different kinds of seismic waves, and their characteristic motion, and properties of propagation. How is an earthquake epicenter located? Earthquake depth and how they are related to different kinds of plate boundaries and increasing distance from a subduction zone. Know the Richt ...
... Know the three different kinds of seismic waves, and their characteristic motion, and properties of propagation. How is an earthquake epicenter located? Earthquake depth and how they are related to different kinds of plate boundaries and increasing distance from a subduction zone. Know the Richt ...
IgPetMORB13
... The eruption of MORB basalts is the dominant form of active volcanism on the Earth today: MORB: OIB: Arc: ...
... The eruption of MORB basalts is the dominant form of active volcanism on the Earth today: MORB: OIB: Arc: ...
Linking collisional and accretionary orogens during Rodinia
... uated for the Earth since the break-up of Pangea beginning in the early Mesozoic (Nance et al., 2014). A related issue centres on the mechanisms for supercontinent break-up: is this primarily driven by extensional stresses resulting from the development of encircling and retreating subduction zones ...
... uated for the Earth since the break-up of Pangea beginning in the early Mesozoic (Nance et al., 2014). A related issue centres on the mechanisms for supercontinent break-up: is this primarily driven by extensional stresses resulting from the development of encircling and retreating subduction zones ...
MORB13
... The eruption of MORB basalts is the dominant form of active volcanism on the Earth today: MORB: OIB: Arc: ...
... The eruption of MORB basalts is the dominant form of active volcanism on the Earth today: MORB: OIB: Arc: ...
Crustal structure transition from oceanic arc to continental arc
... in the upper c. 20 km of the crust. We infer that repeated episodes of arc magmatism can produce a felsic-tointermediate upper crust as is observed in the continents, but arc magmatism produces a thicker mafic lower crust than the average continent retains. Some of the excess mafic material in the i ...
... in the upper c. 20 km of the crust. We infer that repeated episodes of arc magmatism can produce a felsic-tointermediate upper crust as is observed in the continents, but arc magmatism produces a thicker mafic lower crust than the average continent retains. Some of the excess mafic material in the i ...
Geology Course Guide 2015/16 Liberty High School Instructor: Mr
... Discuss the impact of geophysicists and geochemists on providing proof for continental drift. Describe evidence (fossil, rock, and climate) that supports continental drift. Describe continental drift and its relation to the theory of plate tectonics. Discuss the two main objections to the first c ...
... Discuss the impact of geophysicists and geochemists on providing proof for continental drift. Describe evidence (fossil, rock, and climate) that supports continental drift. Describe continental drift and its relation to the theory of plate tectonics. Discuss the two main objections to the first c ...
The structure of the upper mantle beneath the Delamerian and
... between about 514 Ma and 490 Ma (Foden et al., 2006). This was followed in the Late Cambrian by the formation of the Lachlan Orogen to the east, which continued through to the Early Carboniferous. Large tracts of the Lachlan and Delamerian orogens that would otherwise be exposed at the surface are m ...
... between about 514 Ma and 490 Ma (Foden et al., 2006). This was followed in the Late Cambrian by the formation of the Lachlan Orogen to the east, which continued through to the Early Carboniferous. Large tracts of the Lachlan and Delamerian orogens that would otherwise be exposed at the surface are m ...
magnetic anomalies for geology and resources
... anomalies is the magnetic properties of rocks (Clark and Emerson, 1999). These are often measured, for example, in connection with Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) analyses, paleomagnetic studies, geological mapping, and mineral prospecting. ODP data provide local information at widespread oceanic locat ...
... anomalies is the magnetic properties of rocks (Clark and Emerson, 1999). These are often measured, for example, in connection with Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) analyses, paleomagnetic studies, geological mapping, and mineral prospecting. ODP data provide local information at widespread oceanic locat ...
A complex Tibetan upper mantle A fragmented Indian slab and no
... Here we apply an equal-weight scheme for the events within a 51 azimuth and 101 epicentral distance sector, recorded by the same station. A weight was assigned to the travel times based on how many events from the same azimuth and epicentral distance range were recorded by the stations, and the weig ...
... Here we apply an equal-weight scheme for the events within a 51 azimuth and 101 epicentral distance sector, recorded by the same station. A weight was assigned to the travel times based on how many events from the same azimuth and epicentral distance range were recorded by the stations, and the weig ...
Evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea-Calabrian Arc system: The past and
... invokes the extensional collapse of a pre-existing orogenic belt (HORVÁTH & BERCKHEMER, 1982; DEWEY, 1988; CHANNELL & MARESCHAL, 1989). The driving force for extension in this case is the greater potential energy of an elevated mountain range with thick crust compared to nearby regions at lower elev ...
... invokes the extensional collapse of a pre-existing orogenic belt (HORVÁTH & BERCKHEMER, 1982; DEWEY, 1988; CHANNELL & MARESCHAL, 1989). The driving force for extension in this case is the greater potential energy of an elevated mountain range with thick crust compared to nearby regions at lower elev ...
Chemistry 1 - The New Bridge Academy
... Conclusion – scientists now believe Wegener’s Tectonic Theory ...
... Conclusion – scientists now believe Wegener’s Tectonic Theory ...
A simple synthesis of Caribbean geology
... identical and could have resulted from melting related to in situ lithospheric thinning, the older ones must have formed over a plume in the Pacific, because most authors think the Caribbean Plate came from there. White et al. (1999) noted that tonalitic batholiths are generally associated with cont ...
... identical and could have resulted from melting related to in situ lithospheric thinning, the older ones must have formed over a plume in the Pacific, because most authors think the Caribbean Plate came from there. White et al. (1999) noted that tonalitic batholiths are generally associated with cont ...
Chapter 30. The Sediments of the Continental Margin
... Figure 30.4. Principal features of an Atlantic-type margin with a vertical exaggeration of about 1/50 (drawn by Mrs. Melanie Richard). Note the dashed line, which represents the slope that should occur by normal wind driven currents in the ocean today. ...
... Figure 30.4. Principal features of an Atlantic-type margin with a vertical exaggeration of about 1/50 (drawn by Mrs. Melanie Richard). Note the dashed line, which represents the slope that should occur by normal wind driven currents in the ocean today. ...
Slab detachment in laterally varying subduction zones: 3D
... different time evolutions. We could show that the initial oceanic plate thermal age has a notable impact on the evolution SCO type margins, affecting the timing and duration of slab detachment. It also influences the propagation of detachment toward the adjacent oceanic domain, which may ultimately res ...
... different time evolutions. We could show that the initial oceanic plate thermal age has a notable impact on the evolution SCO type margins, affecting the timing and duration of slab detachment. It also influences the propagation of detachment toward the adjacent oceanic domain, which may ultimately res ...
Seismic Profiles of Earth`s Interior
... Scientists learn about Earth’s interior by using seismic waves or vibrations that travel through Earth’s layers during earthquakes. There are different types of seismic waves. P waves (Primary waves) are compressional vibrations that travel accordion style through solids and liquids. S waves (Second ...
... Scientists learn about Earth’s interior by using seismic waves or vibrations that travel through Earth’s layers during earthquakes. There are different types of seismic waves. P waves (Primary waves) are compressional vibrations that travel accordion style through solids and liquids. S waves (Second ...
Mantle Meltıng Beneath Mıd-Ocean rıdges
... say, elements that are incompatible with the crystals remaining in the solid mantle, called “magmaphile” elements) have concentrations that are inversely proportional to the extent of melting. The most abundant element with this behavior is sodium. High extents of melting lead to liquids with low so ...
... say, elements that are incompatible with the crystals remaining in the solid mantle, called “magmaphile” elements) have concentrations that are inversely proportional to the extent of melting. The most abundant element with this behavior is sodium. High extents of melting lead to liquids with low so ...
as a PDF - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
... upper plate extension for testing the westward drift. His analysis and discussion are misleading for the study of the net rotation of the lithosphere since the first 125 km of subduction zones are sensitive also to other parameters such upper plate thickness, geometry and obliquity of the subduction ...
... upper plate extension for testing the westward drift. His analysis and discussion are misleading for the study of the net rotation of the lithosphere since the first 125 km of subduction zones are sensitive also to other parameters such upper plate thickness, geometry and obliquity of the subduction ...
Plate boundary deformation between the Pacific and North America
... and magnitude of the total motion accommodated across the zone, however, was unchanged. The small differences in local magnitudes of velocity are a consequence of the fact that all the events since 1994 had a magnitude less than 5.4, where it appears that only earthquakes with magnitudes higher than ...
... and magnitude of the total motion accommodated across the zone, however, was unchanged. The small differences in local magnitudes of velocity are a consequence of the fact that all the events since 1994 had a magnitude less than 5.4, where it appears that only earthquakes with magnitudes higher than ...
Hotspot Geodynamics Detailed Planning Group
... been used as key hotspot examples, because both have simple geometries and depicted linear age progressions over an interval approaching 80 m.y. (Dalrymple and Clague 1976; Dalrymple et al. 1977; Duncan and Clague 1985; Watts et al. 1988). However, this simple picture is now being revised with more ...
... been used as key hotspot examples, because both have simple geometries and depicted linear age progressions over an interval approaching 80 m.y. (Dalrymple and Clague 1976; Dalrymple et al. 1977; Duncan and Clague 1985; Watts et al. 1988). However, this simple picture is now being revised with more ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.