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Seafloor Spreading Math Connections
Seafloor Spreading Math Connections

... In the early 20th century, Alfred Wegener developed his theory of continental drift, explaining that the continents on Earth move and historically were in different positions from their current locations today. He used evidence from fossil findings, geologic formations, and coastal outlines of the c ...
How did we get here? Learning Objectives
How did we get here? Learning Objectives

... Identify the role of oceanic ridges, transform faults and deep-sea trenches in defining the edges of lithospheric plates. Understand the importance of asthenospheric thermal convection in plate tectonics and the resulting compression or tensional forces at the plate boundaries. Explain the distribut ...
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING

... oceans (5 - 7 km). Assuming this is made from basaltic magma (both extrusive and intrusive) then:Volume/Year = Thickness x Spreading Rate x Length About 5 - 20 km3/year (depending on assumptions) length ~ 65,000 km thickness 5 - 7 km spreading rates 1 –10 cm/yr For Comparison: Hot-Spot Volcanism ~ 1 ...
class outline - WordPress.com
class outline - WordPress.com

... 1. I can describe the characteristics of a tectonic plate. 2. I can use the patterns of earthquakes to draw the approximate locations of the plate boundaries on a world map ...
plate tectonics
plate tectonics

... pushed up toward the Earth's crust. Evidence of this is shown at midocean ridges where younger land is pushed up through the ridge, causing the older land to move out and away from the ridge, thus moving the tectonic plates. Gravity is a secondary driving force for the movement of the Earth's tecton ...
12-16-13 Do Now
12-16-13 Do Now

... I can explain the differences between the 3 types of faults. ...
PLATE TECTONICS: BIRTH OF A THEORY
PLATE TECTONICS: BIRTH OF A THEORY

... The theory of plate tectonics has revolutionized our understanding of Earth and how it works. Based on the concept that the outer layer of Earth is composed of separate plates, plate tectonics enables earth scientists to explain such diverse phenomena as earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building, th ...
Plate Tectonics and the Dynamic Earth
Plate Tectonics and the Dynamic Earth

... Some of the Earth’s crust must be destroyed elsewhere, But where… Earthquakes provided the clue Shallow earthquakes occur along mid-ocean ridges as the ridges spread apart Earthquakes also occur in other areas, far from mid-ocean ridges Graphic: Garrison Fig. 3.14. ...
Unit 3 Crossword
Unit 3 Crossword

... Vibrations in the ground, caused by sudden movement in Earth's crust. A measure of energy released during an earthquake; adjusted for distance. An area that doesn't receive seismic waves from an earthquake because the waves have been blocked or refracted by Earth's core. A volcano formed when tephra ...
Chapter 5 Atoms to Minerals
Chapter 5 Atoms to Minerals

... At Subduction Boundaries Subduction boundaries are where plates collide. When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate mountain ranges form like the ...
Science
Science

... 9. The process of _________________________ continually adds new crust to the ocean floor along both sides of the mid-ocean ridge. 10. Two of Earth’s plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, along a ____________________ boundary. 11. Oceanic crust is made up mostly of an igneous r ...
How do ocean plates interact with each other?
How do ocean plates interact with each other?

... Description: ...
Changing Earth Study Guide
Changing Earth Study Guide

... a. MOUNTAINS: The highest mountains form where continental plates collide. b. When continental and oceanic plates collide, the continental plate moves over the oceanic plate. The Cascades Mountains were formed this way. c. Some mountains form where pressure from movement at the boundaries push rock ...
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces

... Extends from shoreline to shelf break Shallow, gently sloping ...
Notes : Motion of the Lithosphere
Notes : Motion of the Lithosphere

... • As hot (less dense) material rises, cooler (more ...
Chapter 19, Plate Tectonics
Chapter 19, Plate Tectonics

CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 3

... - The San Andreas fault is a good example of a transform fault boundary. Shallow earthquakes occur along transform faults as the plates slide. - Transforms offset relatively short, linear segments of ridges. ...
Movement of the Earth Theory of Plate Tectonics
Movement of the Earth Theory of Plate Tectonics

... • Hot dense material below the Earth’s crust rises upward to the surface at the mid-ocean ridges. • It then flows sideways, carrying the seafloor away from the ridge. • As the new seafloor spreads apart, magma moves up and flows from the cracks, cools, and forms new seafloor. • Youngest rocks are lo ...
6th Grade Science Semester Exam Review The semester exam will
6th Grade Science Semester Exam Review The semester exam will

Lab- Magnetics and Seafloor Spreading
Lab- Magnetics and Seafloor Spreading

... Lab- ...
The Edible Earth: Plate Movements
The Edible Earth: Plate Movements

... The theory of Plate Tectonics states that the Lithosphere of the Earth is composed of fewer than twenty separate plates that “float” on the hot plastic Asthenosphere of the inner Mantle. The theory also states that the motion of these plates creates a variety of interactions at the plate boundaries. ...
O: You will be able to explain the layers of the Earth.
O: You will be able to explain the layers of the Earth.

... and the core is the mantle. • The mantle is much thicker than the crust and contains most of the Earth’s mass. • No one has ever visited the mantle. The crust is too thick to drill through to reach the mantle. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - The Earth, Plate Tectonics
PowerPoint Presentation - The Earth, Plate Tectonics

... AKA: Lithospheric plate • The ~100-km-thick surface of the Earth; • Contains crust and part of the upper mantle; ...
Earth Outline
Earth Outline

... a. MOUNTAINS: The highest mountains form where continental plates collide. b. When continental and oceanic plates collide, the continental plate moves over the oceanic plate. The Cascades Mountains were formed this way. c. Some mountains form where pressure from movement at the boundaries push rock ...
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Theory of Plate Tectonics

... Earthquakes and volcanic activity occur primarily at the location of plate boundaries. – Plate boundaries are where 2 plates are pushing toward, pulling away, or sliding past each other. The strain and friction causes fractures in the earth, where earthquakes occur and where the fractures allow mol ...
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Plate tectonics



Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.
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