Chapter2.pdf
... Pressure and temperature increase with depth in the Earth. At the center of the Earth, pressure is 3.6 million times greater than at the surface and temperatures can reach 4,300oC, nearly as hot as the Sun’s surface. The rate of temperature change with depth is called the geothermal gradient. ...
... Pressure and temperature increase with depth in the Earth. At the center of the Earth, pressure is 3.6 million times greater than at the surface and temperatures can reach 4,300oC, nearly as hot as the Sun’s surface. The rate of temperature change with depth is called the geothermal gradient. ...
Word - New Haven Science
... 1. Earth’s surface features, such as mountains, volcanoes and continents, are the constantlychanging result of dynamic processes and forces at work inside the Earth. 2. Earth is formed of three basic layers, with the densest being the iron and nickel core. The middle layer, the mantle, of the Earth ...
... 1. Earth’s surface features, such as mountains, volcanoes and continents, are the constantlychanging result of dynamic processes and forces at work inside the Earth. 2. Earth is formed of three basic layers, with the densest being the iron and nickel core. The middle layer, the mantle, of the Earth ...
THIRD QUARTER II. UNIT 4: Landforms and Constructive and
... 1. Earth’s surface features, such as mountains, volcanoes and continents, are the constantlychanging result of dynamic processes and forces at work inside the Earth. 2. Earth is formed of three basic layers, with the densest being the iron and nickel core. The middle layer, the mantle, of the Earth ...
... 1. Earth’s surface features, such as mountains, volcanoes and continents, are the constantlychanging result of dynamic processes and forces at work inside the Earth. 2. Earth is formed of three basic layers, with the densest being the iron and nickel core. The middle layer, the mantle, of the Earth ...
Lab: Plate Tectonic and Earthquake Extravaganza
... look at the stuff underneath the surface of the earth and the reason to land masses or continents are in their current homes. We will also examine how volcanoes erupt, why they erupt and what things form when the do so. According to the new, generally accepted plate-tectonics theory, scientists beli ...
... look at the stuff underneath the surface of the earth and the reason to land masses or continents are in their current homes. We will also examine how volcanoes erupt, why they erupt and what things form when the do so. According to the new, generally accepted plate-tectonics theory, scientists beli ...
List 1 - arbuthnotbraingame
... • The name was coined in the scientific discussion of Alfred Wegener's theory of the Continental drift. In his book "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" (Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane) he postulated that all the continents had at one time formed a single supercontinent which he called th ...
... • The name was coined in the scientific discussion of Alfred Wegener's theory of the Continental drift. In his book "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" (Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane) he postulated that all the continents had at one time formed a single supercontinent which he called th ...
CHAPTER 2
... Exercises follow to some extent the historic development of plate tectonics, beginning with simple geographic observations that led sixteenth and seventeenth century cartographers to consider a former fit of South America and Africa (Ex. 2.2) and paleoclimate indicators that led Wegener to propose c ...
... Exercises follow to some extent the historic development of plate tectonics, beginning with simple geographic observations that led sixteenth and seventeenth century cartographers to consider a former fit of South America and Africa (Ex. 2.2) and paleoclimate indicators that led Wegener to propose c ...
ppt - Margins
... “…It is plausible that there is a relationship between the position of [the Izu, Mariana Trough, and Lau Basin]…which formed concurrently at 45-50 Ma [at] the boundary of the asthenosheric domains… If the boundary is a major zone of downflow in the upper mantle….,one would predict a propensity for s ...
... “…It is plausible that there is a relationship between the position of [the Izu, Mariana Trough, and Lau Basin]…which formed concurrently at 45-50 Ma [at] the boundary of the asthenosheric domains… If the boundary is a major zone of downflow in the upper mantle….,one would predict a propensity for s ...
Word format
... C. divergent, convergent, and transform D. seismic, volcanic, and subducting E. ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent 16. The East African Rift Valley is an example of a/an: A. divergent plate boundary B. convergent plate boundary C. passive plate boundary D. subduction zone plate bo ...
... C. divergent, convergent, and transform D. seismic, volcanic, and subducting E. ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent 16. The East African Rift Valley is an example of a/an: A. divergent plate boundary B. convergent plate boundary C. passive plate boundary D. subduction zone plate bo ...
Laureate 2016 Bios*Professor Peter Cawood
... term development of the Earth system. The continental crust hosts the resources on which we depend and its evolution controls the environment in which we live. The crust’s record (including resources) is episodic in space and time, but the origin of this periodicity is unresolved. Building on recent ...
... term development of the Earth system. The continental crust hosts the resources on which we depend and its evolution controls the environment in which we live. The crust’s record (including resources) is episodic in space and time, but the origin of this periodicity is unresolved. Building on recent ...
Geology - The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of
... (100 km) thick, resting upon a lower soft layer called the asthenosphere. Because the sides of a plate are either being created or destroyed, its size and shape are continually changing. Such active plate tectonics make studying global tectonic history, especially for the ocean plates, difficult for ...
... (100 km) thick, resting upon a lower soft layer called the asthenosphere. Because the sides of a plate are either being created or destroyed, its size and shape are continually changing. Such active plate tectonics make studying global tectonic history, especially for the ocean plates, difficult for ...
Introduction to the Geology of the Galápagos Islands Glenn Furnier
... of lava. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, East Pacific Rise, and Africa’s Rift Valley are examples of divergent boundaries. Where two continental plates converge, mountains are thrust up, the Himalaya Range being a fine current example of this type of boundary. Strong earthquake activity is associated with t ...
... of lava. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, East Pacific Rise, and Africa’s Rift Valley are examples of divergent boundaries. Where two continental plates converge, mountains are thrust up, the Himalaya Range being a fine current example of this type of boundary. Strong earthquake activity is associated with t ...
Earth Science, 10th edition Chapter 6: Earthquakes and Earth`s
... a. Premise is that earthquakes are repetitive b. Region is given a probability of a quake II. Earth's layered structure A. Most of our knowledge of Earth’s interior comes from the study of P and S earthquake waves 1. Travel times of P and S waves through Earth vary depending on the properties of the ...
... a. Premise is that earthquakes are repetitive b. Region is given a probability of a quake II. Earth's layered structure A. Most of our knowledge of Earth’s interior comes from the study of P and S earthquake waves 1. Travel times of P and S waves through Earth vary depending on the properties of the ...
fun with food! plate tectonics and our national parks
... along a transform plate boundary. d) Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Hot springs, geysers, mudpots, and other geothermal features are manifestations of the North American Plate moving over a hotspot. (Photos by R. J. Lillie). ...
... along a transform plate boundary. d) Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Hot springs, geysers, mudpots, and other geothermal features are manifestations of the North American Plate moving over a hotspot. (Photos by R. J. Lillie). ...
Hazardous earth - Delivery guide
... In order for students to understand the changing patterns in the number of people affected by tectonic hazards over time, it is important for them to understand the factors affecting vulnerability. This activity requires them to consider how these factors can increase or decrease vulnerability by co ...
... In order for students to understand the changing patterns in the number of people affected by tectonic hazards over time, it is important for them to understand the factors affecting vulnerability. This activity requires them to consider how these factors can increase or decrease vulnerability by co ...
Simulating Plasticity Lab 2016a answers
... 1. How is the mixture of cornstarch and water similar to the Earth’s mantle? Near the surface of the “crust” the asthenosphere is more liquid, as it is under more and more pressure it turns into more solid material. 2. How might the plasticity of the mantle influence the movement of the Earth’s lith ...
... 1. How is the mixture of cornstarch and water similar to the Earth’s mantle? Near the surface of the “crust” the asthenosphere is more liquid, as it is under more and more pressure it turns into more solid material. 2. How might the plasticity of the mantle influence the movement of the Earth’s lith ...
plate boundary
... the Earth’s plates are moving because of convection currents in the asthenosphere. This is the reason for the break up of Pangaea. ...
... the Earth’s plates are moving because of convection currents in the asthenosphere. This is the reason for the break up of Pangaea. ...
Plate Boundaries
... the Earth’s plates are moving because of convection currents in the asthenosphere. This is the reason for the break up of Pangaea. ...
... the Earth’s plates are moving because of convection currents in the asthenosphere. This is the reason for the break up of Pangaea. ...
Deforming the Earth`s Crust: Faulting
... Formation of a Rift Valley Sequence showing how movements deep under the Earth's Crust help to ...
... Formation of a Rift Valley Sequence showing how movements deep under the Earth's Crust help to ...
Topic 1 Tectonic
... Earth and be able to label a diagram showing the structure of the Earth – including lithosphere and asthenosphere To know the differences between continental and oceanic crust. Know the Earths crust is made up of plates. Understand what convection currents are, how they are created and how the ...
... Earth and be able to label a diagram showing the structure of the Earth – including lithosphere and asthenosphere To know the differences between continental and oceanic crust. Know the Earths crust is made up of plates. Understand what convection currents are, how they are created and how the ...
Deforming the Earth`s Crust: Faulting
... Formation of a Rift Valley Sequence showing how movements deep under the Earth's Crust help to ...
... Formation of a Rift Valley Sequence showing how movements deep under the Earth's Crust help to ...
Layers of the Earth
... • The Earth is divided into four main layers. *Inner Core *Outer Core *Mantle *Crust ...
... • The Earth is divided into four main layers. *Inner Core *Outer Core *Mantle *Crust ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.