Seafloor Spreading
... In contrast to the youngest or newest seafloor rock found at mid-ocean ridges, the oldest rock is found at or close to trenches. The oldest seafloor rock is “only” about 180 million years old. Many continental rocks are much older than this; the oldest continental rock is over 4 billion years old. T ...
... In contrast to the youngest or newest seafloor rock found at mid-ocean ridges, the oldest rock is found at or close to trenches. The oldest seafloor rock is “only” about 180 million years old. Many continental rocks are much older than this; the oldest continental rock is over 4 billion years old. T ...
VideoQuestions
... The theory of continental drift was hotly debated for years before it became accepted by most geologists, but the actual cause of drift is not well-known. The most likely cause of continental drift is: a. Tidal drag of the moon and sun b. Electric and magnetic forces c. Ocean basin growth from mid-o ...
... The theory of continental drift was hotly debated for years before it became accepted by most geologists, but the actual cause of drift is not well-known. The most likely cause of continental drift is: a. Tidal drag of the moon and sun b. Electric and magnetic forces c. Ocean basin growth from mid-o ...
appendix 1
... Magmatic arc or Volcanic arc: This is a result of the subduction of an oceanic tectonic plate under another tectonic plate, and often parallels an oceanic trench. The oceanic plate is saturated with water, and volatiles such as water drastically reduces the melting point of the mantle. As the oceani ...
... Magmatic arc or Volcanic arc: This is a result of the subduction of an oceanic tectonic plate under another tectonic plate, and often parallels an oceanic trench. The oceanic plate is saturated with water, and volatiles such as water drastically reduces the melting point of the mantle. As the oceani ...
Practical 2: Isostasy and Gravitational forces
... clearly. Note that 25% of the total mark is allocated to the explanation provided and the neatness of the report. _________________ Aim: The purpose of this practical to get up close and personal with the theory of isostasy and the concept of gravitational forces. These are key concepts that underpi ...
... clearly. Note that 25% of the total mark is allocated to the explanation provided and the neatness of the report. _________________ Aim: The purpose of this practical to get up close and personal with the theory of isostasy and the concept of gravitational forces. These are key concepts that underpi ...
“Out” Question
... • The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x 1024 kg. • Earth is the densest planet in our Solar System (mass/volume). • Earth is made of several layers with different compositions and physical properties, like temperature, density, and the viscosity (ability to flow). ...
... • The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x 1024 kg. • Earth is the densest planet in our Solar System (mass/volume). • Earth is made of several layers with different compositions and physical properties, like temperature, density, and the viscosity (ability to flow). ...
Flashcard Friday List #6 - Science with Mrs. Barton
... where two plates are moving TOWARD each other. If the 2 plates are of equal density, they usually push up against each other to form a mountain. If they’re not of equal density, one plate usually sinks (subducts) beneath the other. Draw the example to the left. ...
... where two plates are moving TOWARD each other. If the 2 plates are of equal density, they usually push up against each other to form a mountain. If they’re not of equal density, one plate usually sinks (subducts) beneath the other. Draw the example to the left. ...
Inside the Earth Review Handout Name Date ______ Part 1. A w
... Which letter in the diagram matches each description _______ 1. Composed of nickel and iron in the solid state _______ 2. Composed of the least dense rock material on our planet _______ 3. Made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle _______ 4. Region made of a plastic solid _______ 5. Comp ...
... Which letter in the diagram matches each description _______ 1. Composed of nickel and iron in the solid state _______ 2. Composed of the least dense rock material on our planet _______ 3. Made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle _______ 4. Region made of a plastic solid _______ 5. Comp ...
Slide 1 - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... • Alfred Wegener is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. He provided abundant geologic and paleontologic evidence to show that the continents were once united into one supercontinent he named Pangaea. Unfortunately, Wegener could not explain how the continents move ...
... • Alfred Wegener is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. He provided abundant geologic and paleontologic evidence to show that the continents were once united into one supercontinent he named Pangaea. Unfortunately, Wegener could not explain how the continents move ...
Pace of tectonic modes on Venus and Earth and atmospheric Argon
... axis had been clipped to compare models over an appropriate time interval (ie. one episodic overturn). oscillation between stagnant and mobile regimes. Here rapid pulses of subduction and tectonic activity are interspersed by long periods of quiescence. Such a regime has been proposed for Venus (Mor ...
... axis had been clipped to compare models over an appropriate time interval (ie. one episodic overturn). oscillation between stagnant and mobile regimes. Here rapid pulses of subduction and tectonic activity are interspersed by long periods of quiescence. Such a regime has been proposed for Venus (Mor ...
Climate Change
... involved have low incomes and depend on the land for their sustenance. If a country compels people to leave when no disaster ensues, the authorities can appear heavy handed. If they fail to evacuate then they appear to have not been taking due care. ...
... involved have low incomes and depend on the land for their sustenance. If a country compels people to leave when no disaster ensues, the authorities can appear heavy handed. If they fail to evacuate then they appear to have not been taking due care. ...
1) What is the theory of plate tectonics? a. The lithosphere (top layer
... a. The lithosphere (top layer) floats on top of the partially molten layer under it (asthenosphere). Convection currents underneath are the main cause for the plates to move. 2) How does earthquakes, vol ...
... a. The lithosphere (top layer) floats on top of the partially molten layer under it (asthenosphere). Convection currents underneath are the main cause for the plates to move. 2) How does earthquakes, vol ...
Volcano Cloze Notes
... EQ: How does magma form and move? Formation of Magma Forms in the lower ___________ & upper _______________ Caused by changes in ___________ & ________________ Usually the result of _________________ pressure Rises to the surface since magma is less _____________ than rock Usually, at plate ...
... EQ: How does magma form and move? Formation of Magma Forms in the lower ___________ & upper _______________ Caused by changes in ___________ & ________________ Usually the result of _________________ pressure Rises to the surface since magma is less _____________ than rock Usually, at plate ...
Fields of Science
... wall moves up with respect to the footwall. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a strike-slip fault. Joints can be the result of the same stresses that form mountains, provide channels through which water flows, and their surface is usually a plane. ...
... wall moves up with respect to the footwall. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a strike-slip fault. Joints can be the result of the same stresses that form mountains, provide channels through which water flows, and their surface is usually a plane. ...
Geologic Time
... – Convergent - Plates move toward each other, often a head-on collision – Divergent - Plates move away from each other – Sideways - Plates move past each other along transform faults ...
... – Convergent - Plates move toward each other, often a head-on collision – Divergent - Plates move away from each other – Sideways - Plates move past each other along transform faults ...
34722 Pt 2 Plate Tectonics
... upper mantle. It lies just below the lithosphere, which is involved in tectonic plate movements. continental drift: The movement, formation, or re-formation of continents described by the theory of plate tectonics. convection: The transfer of heat by a circulatory motion that occurs in a fluid at a ...
... upper mantle. It lies just below the lithosphere, which is involved in tectonic plate movements. continental drift: The movement, formation, or re-formation of continents described by the theory of plate tectonics. convection: The transfer of heat by a circulatory motion that occurs in a fluid at a ...
Science A-43
... These global-scale processes are seen on the ground as individual faults where the Earth ruptures and the two sides move past each other in earthquake-generating events Hypocenter – Actual location of the Earthquake deep underground Epicenter – The location on the surface directly above the hypocent ...
... These global-scale processes are seen on the ground as individual faults where the Earth ruptures and the two sides move past each other in earthquake-generating events Hypocenter – Actual location of the Earthquake deep underground Epicenter – The location on the surface directly above the hypocent ...
PDF format - GEMOC - Macquarie University
... depleted and highly buoyant compared to the underlying asthenosphere and Phanerozoic SCLM. This intrinsic buoyancy places major constraints on the tectonic behaviour of old continents; replacement of old SCLM by new, less depleted mantle has profound tectonic consequences. The contrasting properties ...
... depleted and highly buoyant compared to the underlying asthenosphere and Phanerozoic SCLM. This intrinsic buoyancy places major constraints on the tectonic behaviour of old continents; replacement of old SCLM by new, less depleted mantle has profound tectonic consequences. The contrasting properties ...
REVISED EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE – PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
... Describe the four basic principles of Relative Dating in geology. Describe the Absolute Dating techniques in geology What is Geologic Time? What is the Geologic Time Scale? What are Eons? What are Periods? What are Epochs? When was the “Age of the Reptile? Age of Mammals? ...
... Describe the four basic principles of Relative Dating in geology. Describe the Absolute Dating techniques in geology What is Geologic Time? What is the Geologic Time Scale? What are Eons? What are Periods? What are Epochs? When was the “Age of the Reptile? Age of Mammals? ...
11/20 Building Mountains
... The greatest challenge for mountain climbers is Mt. Everest, whose peak rises 8,872 meters above sea level. This is the highest mountain in the world, though many mountains around it are almost as high. Mt. Everest is in the Himalayas, a series of massive ranges that extends 2,500 kilometers across ...
... The greatest challenge for mountain climbers is Mt. Everest, whose peak rises 8,872 meters above sea level. This is the highest mountain in the world, though many mountains around it are almost as high. Mt. Everest is in the Himalayas, a series of massive ranges that extends 2,500 kilometers across ...
Section: The Geosphere - Environmental Science
... five layers. Earth’s outer layer is the lithosphere. It is a cool, rigid layer, 15 km to 300 km thick, and includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into huge pieces called tectonic plates. The asthenosphere is the layer beneath the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is a plasti ...
... five layers. Earth’s outer layer is the lithosphere. It is a cool, rigid layer, 15 km to 300 km thick, and includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into huge pieces called tectonic plates. The asthenosphere is the layer beneath the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is a plasti ...
Characteristic and Uncharacteristic Earthquakes as Possible
... plate motions, those with respect to the deep mantle In general both plates and plate boundaries move with respect to the deep mantle For example, assume Africa were not moving with respect to the deep mantle. If so, as lithosphere is added by spreading at the Mid-Atlantic ridge, both the ridge and ...
... plate motions, those with respect to the deep mantle In general both plates and plate boundaries move with respect to the deep mantle For example, assume Africa were not moving with respect to the deep mantle. If so, as lithosphere is added by spreading at the Mid-Atlantic ridge, both the ridge and ...
Student Notes - Unit 3 (P.2)
... A rock is made up of a group of minerals bound together chemically. o Ex: Granite is made up of the minerals feldspar, mica and quartz Because of the process for forming rocks, minerals will look different within a rock compared to their basic state. There are 3 types of rocks: 1. Igneous = formed b ...
... A rock is made up of a group of minerals bound together chemically. o Ex: Granite is made up of the minerals feldspar, mica and quartz Because of the process for forming rocks, minerals will look different within a rock compared to their basic state. There are 3 types of rocks: 1. Igneous = formed b ...
Composition of the crust, part 1
... The asthenosphere is a plastic layer of the upper mantle that underlies the lithosphere. Its rock is very hot and therefore weak and easily deformed. The mesosphere is the rigid part of the deep mantle, below the asthenosphere. (The term also refers to the atmospheric layer above the stratopause). ...
... The asthenosphere is a plastic layer of the upper mantle that underlies the lithosphere. Its rock is very hot and therefore weak and easily deformed. The mesosphere is the rigid part of the deep mantle, below the asthenosphere. (The term also refers to the atmospheric layer above the stratopause). ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.