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Volcano Cloze Notes EQ: What is a Volcano? ______________ is a vent of fissure in the Earth’s surface through which __________ and ________ are expelled. Magma is _________ rock _________ to the Earth’s surface ____________ is magma that flows onto the Earth’s surface EQ: What are the 2 types of Volcanic Eruptions? Non-Explosive: The most _____________type of eruption Produces relatively_________ flows of lava Found in much of the ___________, Northwest regions of the ________, & other vast regions on Earth’s surface Examples: Mauna Loa & Kilauea in _____________ Explosive: They are _________, but very ___________________ ______________of hot debris, ash, and ________ repeatedly shoot out of the volcano ___________________ flows erupt from the volcano producing __________ rock, which hardens in the air, and dust sized particles of _______. The ash can reach the upper __________________ and circle the Earth for years. The lava and large pieces of debris are _______________ out of the volcano in a matter of ______________. This can demolish an entire mountainside in seconds. Example: ______________________ in Washington state EQ: What are the types of Volcanoes? ________________ Volcanoes Built of _____________of lava released from _______________________ eruptions. Lava is very ________________ Layers of lava create a volcano with ____________ sides Not very ____________sides, but can grow to be enormous Tallest Mountain on Earth: Mauna Kea in Hawaii ____________________ Volcanoes Made of pyroclastic material from ________________ eruptions _____________ sides Small ____________________ Erupt for _____________ periods of time Often occur in _________________ on sides of volcanoes ______________ away quickly because pyroclastic material is not cemented together _________________~ Mexican volcano appeared in a cornfield in 1943 and erupted for 9 years _______________________ Volcanoes AKA: __________________________ One of the most _______________ types of volcanoes Form from _________________ eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by quieter lava flows Lava and pyroclastic material form ___________________ layers ___________ bases and steeper towards the___________ EX: Mt. Hood, Mt. Shasta, Mt. Ranier, and Mt. St. Helens (all in US); Mt. Fuji is in Japan EQ: How does magma form and move? Formation of Magma Forms in the lower ___________ & upper _______________ Caused by changes in ___________ & ________________ Usually the result of _________________ pressure Rises to the surface since magma is less _____________ than rock Usually, at plate __________________ Ex: Ring of Fire In Pacific Ocean EQ: Where do Volcanoes Form? @ Rift Zones Deep _____________ between ________________ plates, like the Mid-Ocean Ridge in the Pacific & North Atlantic Oceans Remember __________________ Spreading @ Convergent Boundaries/__________________ Zones At oceanic & continental plates Oceanic crust subducts under continental crust Oceanic ____________ mixes with the mantle __________, melts it & allows magma to _______ @ Hot Spots Volcanically active areas _______ from plate _____________________ Example: Hawaiian Islands EQ: How does a Scientist Predict a Volcano is going to Erupt? Classified in 3 categories ______________: has ________ erupted in recorded history and probably will ________ erupt again Dormant: ____________ is _____ erupting, but the record of past _____________ suggests the volcano will _________ again ____________: currently _____________ or shows signs of erupting ________ in the near future