Ocean basins
... Ocean Basins • The structure of the ocean floor is quite different than that of the continental margins • Here, the seafloor is blanketed with up to 5km (3 miles) of sediment overlying basaltic rocks • Deep-ocean basins constitute more than half of the Earth’s surface • If the oceans evaporated, t ...
... Ocean Basins • The structure of the ocean floor is quite different than that of the continental margins • Here, the seafloor is blanketed with up to 5km (3 miles) of sediment overlying basaltic rocks • Deep-ocean basins constitute more than half of the Earth’s surface • If the oceans evaporated, t ...
Chapter 17 – Plate Tectonics
... C. Change in their direction of alignment slowly over time 2. How do glacial deposits in Africa, India, Australia, and South America support the idea of continental drift? 3. THINKING CRITICALLY: Why are the magnetic bands in the eastern Pacific Ocean so far apart compared to the magnetic bands alon ...
... C. Change in their direction of alignment slowly over time 2. How do glacial deposits in Africa, India, Australia, and South America support the idea of continental drift? 3. THINKING CRITICALLY: Why are the magnetic bands in the eastern Pacific Ocean so far apart compared to the magnetic bands alon ...
EmilyB
... prone to earthquakes. There is a total of fifteen plates on the earth. Each of these plates are constantly moving. When plates collide it’s called a convergent boundary. When to plates travel away from each other (also form new crust) its call divergent boundary. When two plates slide past each othe ...
... prone to earthquakes. There is a total of fifteen plates on the earth. Each of these plates are constantly moving. When plates collide it’s called a convergent boundary. When to plates travel away from each other (also form new crust) its call divergent boundary. When two plates slide past each othe ...
The Internal Structure of the Earth
... CORE: The Earth’s core contains two distinct parts although they are made up of the same elements. • Inner Core – Made up of thick, dense Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni). A super heating component for the Earth. It is a solid element. • Outer Core – Also made up of Iron and Nickel, but this layer of the E ...
... CORE: The Earth’s core contains two distinct parts although they are made up of the same elements. • Inner Core – Made up of thick, dense Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni). A super heating component for the Earth. It is a solid element. • Outer Core – Also made up of Iron and Nickel, but this layer of the E ...
Fault - Cloudfront.net
... Folding occurs when rock layers bend due to the stress of the Earth’s crust. There are several types of folds. Some are called anticlines, synclines, and monoclines. ...
... Folding occurs when rock layers bend due to the stress of the Earth’s crust. There are several types of folds. Some are called anticlines, synclines, and monoclines. ...
Deeply buried continental crust under Iceland
... The thick crust of Iceland and the surrounding Iceland plateau is generated mainly by accumulation of young magmatic rocks and is therefore oceanic in nature. Geochemical and geophysical data, however, indicate that fragments of continental crust are also present beneath the southeast coast of Icela ...
... The thick crust of Iceland and the surrounding Iceland plateau is generated mainly by accumulation of young magmatic rocks and is therefore oceanic in nature. Geochemical and geophysical data, however, indicate that fragments of continental crust are also present beneath the southeast coast of Icela ...
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING By the early 1960s it was clear that
... By the early 1960s it was clear that continental drift occurred - the question was how? The answers came from work being done in the 1950s and 1960s from on the geolog of the sea floor. During this time, precision depths, using echo-sounding to measure the travel time to the bottom of the ocean, all ...
... By the early 1960s it was clear that continental drift occurred - the question was how? The answers came from work being done in the 1950s and 1960s from on the geolog of the sea floor. During this time, precision depths, using echo-sounding to measure the travel time to the bottom of the ocean, all ...
Sample Unit of Study - New York Science Teacher
... 1. The Earth is made of several different materials arranged in layers by density. 2. Heat generated motions in these layers controls the shape and structure of the surface. 3. The surface is divided into a number of rigid plates that move against each other creating the surface features. 4. Earthqu ...
... 1. The Earth is made of several different materials arranged in layers by density. 2. Heat generated motions in these layers controls the shape and structure of the surface. 3. The surface is divided into a number of rigid plates that move against each other creating the surface features. 4. Earthqu ...
topic_4_5 - Earth and Environmental Sciences
... is being rapidly transported into the Earth’s interior, with little time to be conductively heated by the surrounding, hotter mantle. We’ve shown several figures – of thermal models for subduction zones, and seismic data – illustrating that this is true. As noted in the previous lecture, there is am ...
... is being rapidly transported into the Earth’s interior, with little time to be conductively heated by the surrounding, hotter mantle. We’ve shown several figures – of thermal models for subduction zones, and seismic data – illustrating that this is true. As noted in the previous lecture, there is am ...
Notes # ______ Sea Floor Spreading Mid Ocean Ridge underwater
... Subduction and sea floor spreading are changing the size and shape of the oceans. The Mid Atlantic Ridge is spreading the Atlantic Ocean at a rate of about 1 inch per year. There are only a few small trenches in the Atlantic Ocean, so the Atlantic is spreading faster than it is being ...
... Subduction and sea floor spreading are changing the size and shape of the oceans. The Mid Atlantic Ridge is spreading the Atlantic Ocean at a rate of about 1 inch per year. There are only a few small trenches in the Atlantic Ocean, so the Atlantic is spreading faster than it is being ...
HOT SPOT ACTIVITY
... plate moves over a fixed spot deeper in the Earth where magma (molten lava) forms, a new volcano can punch through this plate and create an island. The Hawaiian Islands are believed to be formed from one such 'hot spot'. As the plate moves away, the volcano stops erupting and a new one is formed in ...
... plate moves over a fixed spot deeper in the Earth where magma (molten lava) forms, a new volcano can punch through this plate and create an island. The Hawaiian Islands are believed to be formed from one such 'hot spot'. As the plate moves away, the volcano stops erupting and a new one is formed in ...
STUDY GUIDE Earthquake Information
... 2. Magma that flows out onto Earth 's surface 3. Opening at the top of a volcano's vent 4. Long, deep cracks formed when plates separate 5. The state of volcanoes currently spewing smoke, ash, steam, cinders, and/ or lava 6. The state of volcanoes not currently active 7. Area around Pacific Plate wh ...
... 2. Magma that flows out onto Earth 's surface 3. Opening at the top of a volcano's vent 4. Long, deep cracks formed when plates separate 5. The state of volcanoes currently spewing smoke, ash, steam, cinders, and/ or lava 6. The state of volcanoes not currently active 7. Area around Pacific Plate wh ...
Ocean - International Year of Planet Earth
... What Earth processes affect the formation and evolution of continental margins, and what benefits and threats do continental margins offer to mankind? The relatively steep slopes of the continental margins, which extend vertically over several kilometres, can affect the directions of ocean currents ...
... What Earth processes affect the formation and evolution of continental margins, and what benefits and threats do continental margins offer to mankind? The relatively steep slopes of the continental margins, which extend vertically over several kilometres, can affect the directions of ocean currents ...
Notes: Earth/Moon Formation 3/11
... 1. Explain the three sources of heat that contributed to the high temperature of the newly formed Earth. (p. 688). The three sources of heat were • Energy from the planetesimals that collided • Increasing weight of outer layers compressed inner layers • Radioactive materials ...
... 1. Explain the three sources of heat that contributed to the high temperature of the newly formed Earth. (p. 688). The three sources of heat were • Energy from the planetesimals that collided • Increasing weight of outer layers compressed inner layers • Radioactive materials ...
The Precambrian: Hadean, Archean and Proterozoic
... acid (HCl), which was the source of the chloride in sea salt (mostly NaCl). • The volatiles were probably released early in the Earth's history, when it melted and segregated into the core, mantle, and crust. This segregation occurred because of differences in density, the crust being the "lightest" ...
... acid (HCl), which was the source of the chloride in sea salt (mostly NaCl). • The volatiles were probably released early in the Earth's history, when it melted and segregated into the core, mantle, and crust. This segregation occurred because of differences in density, the crust being the "lightest" ...
Section 2: Rocks and Minerals
... plates that slowly shift position 4. ________________- a deep, long valley in the ocean floor. 5. ________________- melted rock formed in the Earth’s mantle 6. ________________- an opening in the Earth’s surface that releases magma from the mantle 7. ________________- magma that has reached the Eart ...
... plates that slowly shift position 4. ________________- a deep, long valley in the ocean floor. 5. ________________- melted rock formed in the Earth’s mantle 6. ________________- an opening in the Earth’s surface that releases magma from the mantle 7. ________________- magma that has reached the Eart ...
What Is Inside Earth?
... What Is Earth’s mantle? • The lithosphere is the top part of the mantle and the crust together. It is a rigid layer. • The asthenosphere is a soft layer underneath the lithosphere. This layer is hotter and under increasing pressure but still solid. • The lower mantle is solid. This solid material ex ...
... What Is Earth’s mantle? • The lithosphere is the top part of the mantle and the crust together. It is a rigid layer. • The asthenosphere is a soft layer underneath the lithosphere. This layer is hotter and under increasing pressure but still solid. • The lower mantle is solid. This solid material ex ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.