Earth Dynamics
... mountains. As tension pulls crust apart, faults form. At the faults, some blocks of crust fall and others rise. Fault-block mountains are parallel ridges that form where blocks of crust move up or down along faults. A fault-block mountain might appear as a high, craggy ridge next to a valley. Somewh ...
... mountains. As tension pulls crust apart, faults form. At the faults, some blocks of crust fall and others rise. Fault-block mountains are parallel ridges that form where blocks of crust move up or down along faults. A fault-block mountain might appear as a high, craggy ridge next to a valley. Somewh ...
Chapter 8
... quakes 1 to 10 – each step is 31 times greater If a quake is 7 or greater, it is considered a major earthquake. ...
... quakes 1 to 10 – each step is 31 times greater If a quake is 7 or greater, it is considered a major earthquake. ...
Module 4 Processes That Shape the Earth Extended
... Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge ...
... Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge ...
Processes That Shape the Earth
... Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge ...
... Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge ...
Unit 6.3 PowerPoint File
... • Using evidence from many scientific fields, scientists can construct a general picture of continental change throughout time. • Several times in the past, the continents were arranged into large landmasses called supercontinents. • Supercontinents broke apart to form smaller continents that moved ...
... • Using evidence from many scientific fields, scientists can construct a general picture of continental change throughout time. • Several times in the past, the continents were arranged into large landmasses called supercontinents. • Supercontinents broke apart to form smaller continents that moved ...
Geologic Time and the Fossil Record
... Global climate change-the carbon dioxide released from volcanoes can insulate the earth and cause its temperature to rise (constant process) -the ash shot into the atmosphere can block the sunlight from reaching the earth in the first place and cause temperatures to fall (only after an eruption) Bef ...
... Global climate change-the carbon dioxide released from volcanoes can insulate the earth and cause its temperature to rise (constant process) -the ash shot into the atmosphere can block the sunlight from reaching the earth in the first place and cause temperatures to fall (only after an eruption) Bef ...
Layers of the Earth and Atmosphere
... 1. What is the thickest layer of the earth? 2. What is the thinnest layer of the earth? 3. If you were to use an apple to represent the earth, what part of the apple would represent the earth’s crust? 4. How have scientists learned about the earth’s interior? 5. What layers make up the lithosphere? ...
... 1. What is the thickest layer of the earth? 2. What is the thinnest layer of the earth? 3. If you were to use an apple to represent the earth, what part of the apple would represent the earth’s crust? 4. How have scientists learned about the earth’s interior? 5. What layers make up the lithosphere? ...
the Exciting World of Earthquakes Part I
... kinds of ruptures they produce help scientists define the plate boundaries. There are three types of plate boundaries: spreading zones, transform faults, and subduction zones. At spreading zones, molten rock rises, pushing two plates apart and adding new material at their edges. Most spreading zones ...
... kinds of ruptures they produce help scientists define the plate boundaries. There are three types of plate boundaries: spreading zones, transform faults, and subduction zones. At spreading zones, molten rock rises, pushing two plates apart and adding new material at their edges. Most spreading zones ...
The Marine Environment
... • Erosion from the continental slope causes turbidity currents, which cut canyons into the ocean floor. – Deposits from a turbidity current for the continental rise. ...
... • Erosion from the continental slope causes turbidity currents, which cut canyons into the ocean floor. – Deposits from a turbidity current for the continental rise. ...
Physical Geology Practice Midterm Exam 1. Which of the following
... C) global glaciation D) all of the above ...
... C) global glaciation D) all of the above ...
Theory of Plate Tectonics and Convection Currents
... continents were once joined in a single landmass and gradually moved, or drifted, apart. For many years, people did not accept Wegener’s ideas. Not until the mid-1900s did scientists find new evidence that made them consider continental drift more seriously. Scientists now had proof that tectonic pl ...
... continents were once joined in a single landmass and gradually moved, or drifted, apart. For many years, people did not accept Wegener’s ideas. Not until the mid-1900s did scientists find new evidence that made them consider continental drift more seriously. Scientists now had proof that tectonic pl ...
Marine Geology
... n the 1960's the unifying theory of plate tectonics was proposed to explain many regional and global geologic phenomena, including drifting continents, spreading seafloors, and the worldwide distribution of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes. According to the plate tectonic model, the Earth's out ...
... n the 1960's the unifying theory of plate tectonics was proposed to explain many regional and global geologic phenomena, including drifting continents, spreading seafloors, and the worldwide distribution of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes. According to the plate tectonic model, the Earth's out ...
World Geography - San Diego Unified School District
... Mantle plumes are columns of rising magma that begin deep in the earth A hot spot is a volcanically active area of Earth’s surface that is thought to lie directly above a rising mantle plumes Hot spots often form long chains of volcanoes because the mantle plume below a hot spot stays in the s ...
... Mantle plumes are columns of rising magma that begin deep in the earth A hot spot is a volcanically active area of Earth’s surface that is thought to lie directly above a rising mantle plumes Hot spots often form long chains of volcanoes because the mantle plume below a hot spot stays in the s ...
Lesson 15 - Seismology Earths Interior
... 2) Probing Earth’s interior The nature of seismic waves wave paths are “bent” when going deeper in Earth higher pressure = higher wave speed ...
... 2) Probing Earth’s interior The nature of seismic waves wave paths are “bent” when going deeper in Earth higher pressure = higher wave speed ...
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
... If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures at depth within the Earth, this type of rock will be formed…(assume the granite does not melt) ...
... If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures at depth within the Earth, this type of rock will be formed…(assume the granite does not melt) ...
Plate Tectonics
... is thick and has relatively low density, continental crust rises higher on the mantle than oceanic crust, which sinks into the mantle to form basins. When filled with water, these basins form the planet’s oceans. ...
... is thick and has relatively low density, continental crust rises higher on the mantle than oceanic crust, which sinks into the mantle to form basins. When filled with water, these basins form the planet’s oceans. ...
Print this article
... years. South of it the convergence rate at the margin has decreased frwn 5.5 cmlyrat ninemy. to3.6 cmlyr (perpendicular subduction of 3.2 cmlyr) in the past one million years, a result which is Similar to that of Chase etal. (1975). However, to the north of it (the Explorer plate) convergence at the ...
... years. South of it the convergence rate at the margin has decreased frwn 5.5 cmlyrat ninemy. to3.6 cmlyr (perpendicular subduction of 3.2 cmlyr) in the past one million years, a result which is Similar to that of Chase etal. (1975). However, to the north of it (the Explorer plate) convergence at the ...
Low-Density Anomalies in the Mantle
... In the beginning of the 1970s, Morgan [1] introduced the concept of the mantle plume into the everyday terminology of geological research. In succeeding years, different aspects of this hypothesis were considered: the heat source and mechanisms of plume ascent [2–4]; isotope-geochemical features [3, ...
... In the beginning of the 1970s, Morgan [1] introduced the concept of the mantle plume into the everyday terminology of geological research. In succeeding years, different aspects of this hypothesis were considered: the heat source and mechanisms of plume ascent [2–4]; isotope-geochemical features [3, ...
Lecture 2b: Hot spots
... – Then heat flow, a slow process, raises the temperature of the cold nonconvecting part of the mantle attached to the base of the continent until it melts over a wide area, in a process that is characterized by positive feedback between melting and heat flow, giving high magma flux for a short time. ...
... – Then heat flow, a slow process, raises the temperature of the cold nonconvecting part of the mantle attached to the base of the continent until it melts over a wide area, in a process that is characterized by positive feedback between melting and heat flow, giving high magma flux for a short time. ...
No Slide Title
... • When water changes phase, it either releases or takes up energy • Evaporation: gaseous water carries energy – Humid regions don’t get as hot ...
... • When water changes phase, it either releases or takes up energy • Evaporation: gaseous water carries energy – Humid regions don’t get as hot ...
Lesson 1
... • Physical weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces but does not change the mineral composition. • Chemical weathering changes a rock’s mineral composition. This makes rocks weaker and helps break down rocks into smaller pieces. ...
... • Physical weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces but does not change the mineral composition. • Chemical weathering changes a rock’s mineral composition. This makes rocks weaker and helps break down rocks into smaller pieces. ...
Plate tectonics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... surface radiated like a black body.[5] Those calculations implied that, even if it started at red heat, the Earth would have dropped to its present temperature in a few tens of millions of years. Armed with the knowledge of a new heat source, scientists reasoned it was credible that the Earth was mu ...
... surface radiated like a black body.[5] Those calculations implied that, even if it started at red heat, the Earth would have dropped to its present temperature in a few tens of millions of years. Armed with the knowledge of a new heat source, scientists reasoned it was credible that the Earth was mu ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.