Topic Constructing response curves: Introduction to the
... frequencies. This can be done either by multiplying the amplitudes of all elements at these frequencies, which is the more secure method, or, alternatively, by adding the distances (e.g., in millimetres) of all element amplitudes to the amplitude level line A = 1, with positive distances if above th ...
... frequencies. This can be done either by multiplying the amplitudes of all elements at these frequencies, which is the more secure method, or, alternatively, by adding the distances (e.g., in millimetres) of all element amplitudes to the amplitude level line A = 1, with positive distances if above th ...
The phase change induced
... was less than 100 fsec. However, this was similar or only slightly larger than what was measured for a zero-length of fiber, so we conclude that part of the source of the drift is in the test setup. • Additional drift may be due to the polarization or birefringent effect of the coarse fiber stretche ...
... was less than 100 fsec. However, this was similar or only slightly larger than what was measured for a zero-length of fiber, so we conclude that part of the source of the drift is in the test setup. • Additional drift may be due to the polarization or birefringent effect of the coarse fiber stretche ...
piecal calibrators - Cameron Instruments Inc.
... loop have a fixed offset this is due to a Zero Shift. This zero shift is typically caused by some current in the loop bypassing the transmitter. This might be caused by ground faults, moisture or corrosion. If you have some loops that are erratic after it rains there may be moisture present in a jun ...
... loop have a fixed offset this is due to a Zero Shift. This zero shift is typically caused by some current in the loop bypassing the transmitter. This might be caused by ground faults, moisture or corrosion. If you have some loops that are erratic after it rains there may be moisture present in a jun ...
W6NL Mods for the TS-930
... The Kenwood TS-930, while many years out of production and lacking many of the technology developments of the past twenty years, continues to be an excellent HF radio with a unique ability to hear multiple signals in a pileup. This particular performance advantage has, for whatever reason, eluded th ...
... The Kenwood TS-930, while many years out of production and lacking many of the technology developments of the past twenty years, continues to be an excellent HF radio with a unique ability to hear multiple signals in a pileup. This particular performance advantage has, for whatever reason, eluded th ...
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION - Vintage Radio Info
... Each major section of the Receiver will be described separately in the following Circuit Description. For ease of explanation, the Source switch will be described in the FM position. ...
... Each major section of the Receiver will be described separately in the following Circuit Description. For ease of explanation, the Source switch will be described in the FM position. ...
Fiber-Optic Cable
... and/or mobile applications. • When the participants communicate while in sight of each other and when the distances to be covered are small and the data rates low, the comparably simple optical transmission via infrared radiation can be used successfully. • Radio-based communication can be used for ...
... and/or mobile applications. • When the participants communicate while in sight of each other and when the distances to be covered are small and the data rates low, the comparably simple optical transmission via infrared radiation can be used successfully. • Radio-based communication can be used for ...
polifemo radio light - Sports Timing International
... By using a switch (switch n°8 next to the words TRASMISSION TIME) you can set transmission duration (approximately 2.3 seconds for long transmission and 0.6 seconds for short). By selecting long transmission, you will obtain greater redundancy of information as the same data will be transmitted 16 t ...
... By using a switch (switch n°8 next to the words TRASMISSION TIME) you can set transmission duration (approximately 2.3 seconds for long transmission and 0.6 seconds for short). By selecting long transmission, you will obtain greater redundancy of information as the same data will be transmitted 16 t ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
... when there is a low signal to noise ratio, the magnitude spectrum is that of a pure sinewave, an impulse at the frequency of the signal. When there is more noise added to the signal, the magnitude becomes distorted because there is extra disturbance, added to the signal. Finally, the signal is filte ...
... when there is a low signal to noise ratio, the magnitude spectrum is that of a pure sinewave, an impulse at the frequency of the signal. When there is more noise added to the signal, the magnitude becomes distorted because there is extra disturbance, added to the signal. Finally, the signal is filte ...
All-sky coherent search for continuous gravitational waves in 6–7 Hz
... So our analysis is valid only for NSs with a spin-down f˙ less than 1/ 2Tobs where Tobs = 22.5 hours is the data length. We make SFTs of the 22.5 hours contiguous data by employing lalapps_MakeSFTs in the LIGO scientific collaboration analysis library (LAL) code.1 Each segment is windowed by a Tukey ...
... So our analysis is valid only for NSs with a spin-down f˙ less than 1/ 2Tobs where Tobs = 22.5 hours is the data length. We make SFTs of the 22.5 hours contiguous data by employing lalapps_MakeSFTs in the LIGO scientific collaboration analysis library (LAL) code.1 Each segment is windowed by a Tukey ...
GPS/GLONASS Module MGG2217
... This is the main transmitting channel and is used to output navigation and measurement data to debug software or user written software. VCC 3.3V ~ 5V is acceptable operation range of main power supply. The DC power ripple is required for less than 50mVpp. GND GND provides the ground. VCCOUT This pin ...
... This is the main transmitting channel and is used to output navigation and measurement data to debug software or user written software. VCC 3.3V ~ 5V is acceptable operation range of main power supply. The DC power ripple is required for less than 50mVpp. GND GND provides the ground. VCCOUT This pin ...
Continuous Phase Shift of Sinusoidal Signals Using Injection
... shifters have been reported in the literature. For fixed amounts of phase shift (i.e., multiples of 90 ), poly-phase networks are the preferred solutions [1]. When a digitally controlled phase shift is required, phase shifters based on PIN or varactor diodes and FET transistors are commonly used [2] ...
... shifters have been reported in the literature. For fixed amounts of phase shift (i.e., multiples of 90 ), poly-phase networks are the preferred solutions [1]. When a digitally controlled phase shift is required, phase shifters based on PIN or varactor diodes and FET transistors are commonly used [2] ...
Chapter 5
... Electrical signals can take many forms and can be analogue or digital A simple analogue form is where a voltage is proportional to the amplitude of a quantity being represented A simple digital form is where the voltage takes one of two values to represent the two states of a quantity Modula ...
... Electrical signals can take many forms and can be analogue or digital A simple analogue form is where a voltage is proportional to the amplitude of a quantity being represented A simple digital form is where the voltage takes one of two values to represent the two states of a quantity Modula ...
Angle Modulation by a Sinusoidal Signal
... angle-modulation scheme has far less amplitude variations The angle-modulation system has constant amplitude There should be no amplitude variations in the phasor-diagram representation of the system These slight variations are due to the first-order approximation that we have used for the expansion ...
... angle-modulation scheme has far less amplitude variations The angle-modulation system has constant amplitude There should be no amplitude variations in the phasor-diagram representation of the system These slight variations are due to the first-order approximation that we have used for the expansion ...
Chapter 3 - Loop Analysis(PowerPoint Format)
... around various loops in a circuit. • The KVL equations are written in terms of loop currents, common to all elements in a loop. • The result will be a system of equations in which the unknowns are these loop currents. • The solution of these equations will, therefore, yield values for the loop curre ...
... around various loops in a circuit. • The KVL equations are written in terms of loop currents, common to all elements in a loop. • The result will be a system of equations in which the unknowns are these loop currents. • The solution of these equations will, therefore, yield values for the loop curre ...
Your code is: AAHHDA Put your name here:
... 8 pt The two parallel wires shown in the figure carry currents of I = 7.69 A in opposite directions and are separated by a distance of d = 8.73 cm. Calculate the net magnetic field at point P midway between the wires. Use the direction out of the page as the positive direction and into the page as the ...
... 8 pt The two parallel wires shown in the figure carry currents of I = 7.69 A in opposite directions and are separated by a distance of d = 8.73 cm. Calculate the net magnetic field at point P midway between the wires. Use the direction out of the page as the positive direction and into the page as the ...
Automatic gain control
... With the huge development of communication systems during the second half of the XX century, the need for selectivity and good control of the output signal’s level became a fundamental issue in the design of any communication system. Nowadays, AGC circuits can be found in any device or system where ...
... With the huge development of communication systems during the second half of the XX century, the need for selectivity and good control of the output signal’s level became a fundamental issue in the design of any communication system. Nowadays, AGC circuits can be found in any device or system where ...
Oscilloscope mode AUTO NORMAL sweep generator – free running
... current mirror with degeneration. The two pairs of transistors shown at the top of the schematic are simple current mirrors (Q8 and Q9, Q12 and Q13). At the bottom is a Widlar current source (built by Q10, Q11, and the 5 kΩ resistor). Transistors Q15, Q19 and Q22 operate as a class A gain stage. The ...
... current mirror with degeneration. The two pairs of transistors shown at the top of the schematic are simple current mirrors (Q8 and Q9, Q12 and Q13). At the bottom is a Widlar current source (built by Q10, Q11, and the 5 kΩ resistor). Transistors Q15, Q19 and Q22 operate as a class A gain stage. The ...
5/24/2011 Chapter 27 ...
... We choose a path in the loop that takes us from the initial point a to the final point b. V f − Vi = sum of all potential changes ∆V along the path. There are two possible paths: We will try them both. ...
... We choose a path in the loop that takes us from the initial point a to the final point b. V f − Vi = sum of all potential changes ∆V along the path. There are two possible paths: We will try them both. ...
Functional Block Descriptions - VLF Designs specializing in Analog
... Full instructions for receiver adjustment and troubleshooting can be found in Appendix A which contains the Hamtronics documentation. In general, the receiver is adjusted like any other NBFM receiver. The following is a short form of receiver adjustment. The receiver can operate at one of three freq ...
... Full instructions for receiver adjustment and troubleshooting can be found in Appendix A which contains the Hamtronics documentation. In general, the receiver is adjusted like any other NBFM receiver. The following is a short form of receiver adjustment. The receiver can operate at one of three freq ...
A SIMPLE BIOELECRICAL SIGNAL SIMULATOR FOR MEASUREMENT DEVICE TESTING Antti Vehkaoja and
... settings need to be calibrated and set for every computer or other playback device separately and every time when the sound volume settings might have been adjusted between using the simulator. In calibration, we are using 10 Hz sinusoidal signal with known amplitude. The modulated signal is played ...
... settings need to be calibrated and set for every computer or other playback device separately and every time when the sound volume settings might have been adjusted between using the simulator. In calibration, we are using 10 Hz sinusoidal signal with known amplitude. The modulated signal is played ...
How to Measure the Control Loop of DCS-Control™ Devices Application Report ...............................................................................................
... TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers’ products. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguar ...
... TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or the design of Buyers’ products. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with Buyers’ products and applications, Buyers should provide adequate design and operating safeguar ...
213KB - NZQA
... the field (OR is attracted to the positive plate OR is repelled from the negative plate). When the ball touches the positive plate, it loses electrons until it has an overall positive charge. It then experiences a force in the same direction as the field (OR is attracted to the negative plate OR is ...
... the field (OR is attracted to the positive plate OR is repelled from the negative plate). When the ball touches the positive plate, it loses electrons until it has an overall positive charge. It then experiences a force in the same direction as the field (OR is attracted to the negative plate OR is ...
amplitude modulation
... – The first step in generating an SSB signal is to suppress the carrier, leaving the upper and lower sidebands. – This type of signal is called a double-sideband suppressed carrier (DSSC) signal. No power is wasted on the carrier. – A balanced modulator is a circuit used to produce the sum and diffe ...
... – The first step in generating an SSB signal is to suppress the carrier, leaving the upper and lower sidebands. – This type of signal is called a double-sideband suppressed carrier (DSSC) signal. No power is wasted on the carrier. – A balanced modulator is a circuit used to produce the sum and diffe ...
Principles of oximetry
... precise, so that the results are highly reproducible with a low scatter, but have a high bias so that the results are not centered on the true values. In contrast, a unit may have a very low bias, but have poor precision, with values swinging widely from side to side of the true value. In clinical p ...
... precise, so that the results are highly reproducible with a low scatter, but have a high bias so that the results are not centered on the true values. In contrast, a unit may have a very low bias, but have poor precision, with values swinging widely from side to side of the true value. In clinical p ...
Direction finding
Direction finding (DF), or radio direction finding (RDF), is the measurement of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted. This can refer to radio or other forms of wireless communication, including radar signals detection and monitoring (ELINT/ESM). By combining the direction information from two or more suitably spaced receivers (or a single mobile receiver), the source of a transmission may be located via triangulation. Radio direction finding is used in the navigation of ships and aircraft, to locate emergency transmitters for search and rescue, for tracking wildlife, and to locate illegal or interfering transmitters. RDF was important in combating German threats during both the WW-II Battle of Britain and the long running Battle of the Atlantic. In the former, the Air Ministry also used RDF to locate its own fighter groups and vector them to detected Germain raids.RDF systems can be used with any radio source, although very long wavelengths (low frequencies) require very large antennas, and are generally used only on ground-based systems. These wavelengths are nevertheless used for marine radio navigation as they can travel very long distances ""over the horizon"", which is valuable for ships when the line-of-sight may be only a few tens of kilometres. For aerial use, where the horizon may extend to hundreds of kilometres, higher frequencies can be used, allowing the use of much smaller antennas. An automatic direction finder, which could be tuned to radio beacons called non-directional beacons or commercial AM radio broadcasters, was until recently, a feature of most aircraft, but is now being phased out For the military, RDF is a key tool of signals intelligence. The ability to locate the position of an enemy transmitter has been invaluable since World War I, and played a key role in World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. It is estimated that the UK's advanced ""huff-duff"" systems were directly or indirectly responsible for 24% of all U-Boats sunk during the war. Modern systems often used phased array antennas to allow rapid beamforming for highly accurate results, and are part of a larger electronic warfare suite.Radio direction finders have evolved, following the development of new electronics. Early systems used mechanically rotated antennas that compared signal strengths, and several electronic versions of the same concept followed. Modern systems use the comparison of phase or doppler techniques which are generally simpler to automate. Early British radar sets were referred to as RDF, which is often stated was a deception. In fact, the Chain Home systems used large RDF receivers to determine directions. Later radar systems generally used a single antenna for broadcast and reception, and determined direction from the direction the antenna was facing.