Why Things Don`t Work – Why S/N Theory Often Seems to be
... 2. Incompetence – just because something works once or twice doesn’t mean it will always work. It may be just at the cliff, so don’t keep repeating it until you know what’s happening. 3. Meetings – where decisions are made, but just a few participants can screw things up. ...
... 2. Incompetence – just because something works once or twice doesn’t mean it will always work. It may be just at the cliff, so don’t keep repeating it until you know what’s happening. 3. Meetings – where decisions are made, but just a few participants can screw things up. ...
Aalborg Universitet Integrated Circuit Techniques and Architectures for Beamforming Radio Transmitters
... λ/2 is the most common choice. Subsequently in order to have the size of the antenna array sufficiently small so that it can easily be fitted on a typical mobile terminal a 5 GHz IEEE 802.11a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard was chosen as a target application [3]. This standard is mainly ...
... λ/2 is the most common choice. Subsequently in order to have the size of the antenna array sufficiently small so that it can easily be fitted on a typical mobile terminal a 5 GHz IEEE 802.11a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard was chosen as a target application [3]. This standard is mainly ...
Wireless Communications and Networks
... When the horizontal axis is time, as in Figure 2.3, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in space as a function of time With the horizontal axis in space, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in time as a function of distance ...
... When the horizontal axis is time, as in Figure 2.3, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in space as a function of time With the horizontal axis in space, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in time as a function of distance ...
EN32872876
... variables.With N samples used for sensing the spectrum, it is seen from [1] that under hypothesis H0, the global test statisticis modeled as a Gaussian distributed random variable with mean ...
... variables.With N samples used for sensing the spectrum, it is seen from [1] that under hypothesis H0, the global test statisticis modeled as a Gaussian distributed random variable with mean ...
EMI / EMC
... Shielding uses conductive material to wrap up the EMI completely to ground. In this way, electromagnetic energy is kept inside the system. It also gets harder for an external signal to cause EMI into the system. It is useful to both conducting EMI and radiated EMI. Generally this is an expensive way ...
... Shielding uses conductive material to wrap up the EMI completely to ground. In this way, electromagnetic energy is kept inside the system. It also gets harder for an external signal to cause EMI into the system. It is useful to both conducting EMI and radiated EMI. Generally this is an expensive way ...
Source Termination Resistor Location And Its Impact On The Signal
... resistor and the high impedance load. In this case, the value of the termination resistance is about 80% of the transmission line’s characteristic impedance. Alternatively, Figure 3 shows the case in which the value of the termination resistance is small, and is about 20% of the transmission line’s ...
... resistor and the high impedance load. In this case, the value of the termination resistance is about 80% of the transmission line’s characteristic impedance. Alternatively, Figure 3 shows the case in which the value of the termination resistance is small, and is about 20% of the transmission line’s ...
Paper-II - UGC NET Online
... and magnetic vectors at right angle to each other and the direction of propagation is said to be polarized. Simple antenna may thus be horizontally or vertically polarised. More complex antennas may be circularly or elliptically polarised. For grounded vertical dipoles operated at frequencies upto t ...
... and magnetic vectors at right angle to each other and the direction of propagation is said to be polarized. Simple antenna may thus be horizontally or vertically polarised. More complex antennas may be circularly or elliptically polarised. For grounded vertical dipoles operated at frequencies upto t ...
Signal Injection Transformers
... Signal Injection Transformers The large harmonic content of the waveform can easily overload the A/D converter at the input of the analyzer, resulting in incorrect answers. The +7.5mA and ‐7.5mA bias conditions show the vertical symmetry of the transformer saturation. In one case saturating at t ...
... Signal Injection Transformers The large harmonic content of the waveform can easily overload the A/D converter at the input of the analyzer, resulting in incorrect answers. The +7.5mA and ‐7.5mA bias conditions show the vertical symmetry of the transformer saturation. In one case saturating at t ...
Chapter 8 – Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics (dc)
... networks may appear in one of three forms as indicated below. The ...
... networks may appear in one of three forms as indicated below. The ...
Word - Bobs Engineering
... You can use 22ga wire for anything connected to the control connector. Red lines are only +5 volts . Black lines are Ground (0v) Green lines = Digital signals, can be only 5 or 0 volts Gray lines are for the Stepper and Stepper power. Blue lines = Analog signals, any voltage between 0 and 5 volts. U ...
... You can use 22ga wire for anything connected to the control connector. Red lines are only +5 volts . Black lines are Ground (0v) Green lines = Digital signals, can be only 5 or 0 volts Gray lines are for the Stepper and Stepper power. Blue lines = Analog signals, any voltage between 0 and 5 volts. U ...
Technician Question Pool Effective July, 2003
... B. When authorized by the FCC or in an emergency C. When communicating with stations in the Citizens Radio Service D. When a commercial broadcast station is using Amateur Radio frequencies for newsgathering during a natural disaster T1C10 (B) To what distance limit may Technician class licensees com ...
... B. When authorized by the FCC or in an emergency C. When communicating with stations in the Citizens Radio Service D. When a commercial broadcast station is using Amateur Radio frequencies for newsgathering during a natural disaster T1C10 (B) To what distance limit may Technician class licensees com ...
Motion Electronics in Avionics
... Synchros have been used in a wide variety of military and commercial systems for many years. They have traditionally been the transducer of choice where reliability is critical, and where harsh environmental conditions exist. The simplicity of their connection, combined with today’s modern (and rela ...
... Synchros have been used in a wide variety of military and commercial systems for many years. They have traditionally been the transducer of choice where reliability is critical, and where harsh environmental conditions exist. The simplicity of their connection, combined with today’s modern (and rela ...
Assignment 10
... The direction of the current is not given, hence the absolute direction of the magnetic field cannot be determined, although the magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the paper. For example if the current flows upward (downward) the magnetic field would be into (out of) the plane of the pa ...
... The direction of the current is not given, hence the absolute direction of the magnetic field cannot be determined, although the magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the paper. For example if the current flows upward (downward) the magnetic field would be into (out of) the plane of the pa ...
phase detector
... • In operation, the output of the VCO is divided by N to match the frequency of the reference oscillator. • The phase detector produces a voltage proportional to the difference in phase of these two signals, and is used to make small corrections in the frequency of the VCO in order to align the pha ...
... • In operation, the output of the VCO is divided by N to match the frequency of the reference oscillator. • The phase detector produces a voltage proportional to the difference in phase of these two signals, and is used to make small corrections in the frequency of the VCO in order to align the pha ...
Principles of Electronic Communication Systems
... is generated by suppressing the carrier and one sideband. ...
... is generated by suppressing the carrier and one sideband. ...
ASK modulation
... Experiment 2: MC1496 ASK modulator. 1. Refer to figure 5.6, or refer to figure DCS11-2 on ETEK DCS-6000-06 module 2. At the data signal input terminal (Data I/P), input 5 V amplitude, 500 Hz TTL signal. Then at the carrier signal input terminal (Carrier I/P), input 400 mV amplitude and 20 kHz sine w ...
... Experiment 2: MC1496 ASK modulator. 1. Refer to figure 5.6, or refer to figure DCS11-2 on ETEK DCS-6000-06 module 2. At the data signal input terminal (Data I/P), input 5 V amplitude, 500 Hz TTL signal. Then at the carrier signal input terminal (Carrier I/P), input 400 mV amplitude and 20 kHz sine w ...
Radiometer systems
... The randomly moving electrons produce a fluctuating voltage Vn called thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise. Other kinds of noise include quantum noise (related to the discrete nature of electron energy), shot noise (fluctuations due to discrete nature of current flow in electronic devices) ...
... The randomly moving electrons produce a fluctuating voltage Vn called thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise. Other kinds of noise include quantum noise (related to the discrete nature of electron energy), shot noise (fluctuations due to discrete nature of current flow in electronic devices) ...
Radiometer systems
... The randomly moving electrons produce a fluctuating voltage Vn called thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise. Other kinds of noise include quantum noise (related to the discrete nature of electron energy), shot noise (fluctuations due to discrete nature of current flow in electronic devices) ...
... The randomly moving electrons produce a fluctuating voltage Vn called thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise. Other kinds of noise include quantum noise (related to the discrete nature of electron energy), shot noise (fluctuations due to discrete nature of current flow in electronic devices) ...
Compass surveying
... The lines should be measured once each on two different days (along opposite directions). Both measurement should tally. ...
... The lines should be measured once each on two different days (along opposite directions). Both measurement should tally. ...
p21xxcsr-evb
... Itis recommended that a 1MΩ be used for R1, which is connected between V OUTand VSET. With this in mind, some common values for VOUT would result in the following R2 values: For VOUT = 3.3V, R2 = 578.9kΩ (576kΩ std) For VOUT = 4.1V, R2 = 418.7kΩ (417kΩ std) For VOUT = 4.2V, R2 = 404.7kΩ (407kΩ std) ...
... Itis recommended that a 1MΩ be used for R1, which is connected between V OUTand VSET. With this in mind, some common values for VOUT would result in the following R2 values: For VOUT = 3.3V, R2 = 578.9kΩ (576kΩ std) For VOUT = 4.1V, R2 = 418.7kΩ (417kΩ std) For VOUT = 4.2V, R2 = 404.7kΩ (407kΩ std) ...
EXAM 2
... [10 pts.] What is the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment of the loop? [10 pts.] What magnetic field magnitude will prevent the loop from rotating about the axle? [10 pts.] For this to happen, should the current in the loop flow clockwise or counterclockwise (as viewed from above)? Explain ...
... [10 pts.] What is the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment of the loop? [10 pts.] What magnetic field magnitude will prevent the loop from rotating about the axle? [10 pts.] For this to happen, should the current in the loop flow clockwise or counterclockwise (as viewed from above)? Explain ...
an overview and analysis of ber for three diversity techniques in
... transmitted signals that are statistically independent. The most commonly used techniques of combining signals after application of diversity techniques are: Selection Combining, SC, (which means a choice of branch with the best signal-to-noise ratio), Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC, (or combining wit ...
... transmitted signals that are statistically independent. The most commonly used techniques of combining signals after application of diversity techniques are: Selection Combining, SC, (which means a choice of branch with the best signal-to-noise ratio), Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC, (or combining wit ...
10 GHz, Class-B, 0.5 V, 130 nm CMOS Cross
... to be employed to define it. One of methods, Alechno’s technique [2], allows to rearrange an oscillator circuit by introducing a virtual ground in one of the nodes that under normal operation is not grounded, a signal output for example. This results in circuit rearrangement where a feedback loop ...
... to be employed to define it. One of methods, Alechno’s technique [2], allows to rearrange an oscillator circuit by introducing a virtual ground in one of the nodes that under normal operation is not grounded, a signal output for example. This results in circuit rearrangement where a feedback loop ...
Direction finding
Direction finding (DF), or radio direction finding (RDF), is the measurement of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted. This can refer to radio or other forms of wireless communication, including radar signals detection and monitoring (ELINT/ESM). By combining the direction information from two or more suitably spaced receivers (or a single mobile receiver), the source of a transmission may be located via triangulation. Radio direction finding is used in the navigation of ships and aircraft, to locate emergency transmitters for search and rescue, for tracking wildlife, and to locate illegal or interfering transmitters. RDF was important in combating German threats during both the WW-II Battle of Britain and the long running Battle of the Atlantic. In the former, the Air Ministry also used RDF to locate its own fighter groups and vector them to detected Germain raids.RDF systems can be used with any radio source, although very long wavelengths (low frequencies) require very large antennas, and are generally used only on ground-based systems. These wavelengths are nevertheless used for marine radio navigation as they can travel very long distances ""over the horizon"", which is valuable for ships when the line-of-sight may be only a few tens of kilometres. For aerial use, where the horizon may extend to hundreds of kilometres, higher frequencies can be used, allowing the use of much smaller antennas. An automatic direction finder, which could be tuned to radio beacons called non-directional beacons or commercial AM radio broadcasters, was until recently, a feature of most aircraft, but is now being phased out For the military, RDF is a key tool of signals intelligence. The ability to locate the position of an enemy transmitter has been invaluable since World War I, and played a key role in World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. It is estimated that the UK's advanced ""huff-duff"" systems were directly or indirectly responsible for 24% of all U-Boats sunk during the war. Modern systems often used phased array antennas to allow rapid beamforming for highly accurate results, and are part of a larger electronic warfare suite.Radio direction finders have evolved, following the development of new electronics. Early systems used mechanically rotated antennas that compared signal strengths, and several electronic versions of the same concept followed. Modern systems use the comparison of phase or doppler techniques which are generally simpler to automate. Early British radar sets were referred to as RDF, which is often stated was a deception. In fact, the Chain Home systems used large RDF receivers to determine directions. Later radar systems generally used a single antenna for broadcast and reception, and determined direction from the direction the antenna was facing.