Simulation of Silicon Photomultiplier Signals
... avalanche is quenched properly and therefore is well below . On the other hand, chosen such that should be chosen as small as possible to ensure fast recovery times. Therefore, should be larger, but not much larger than in a properly designed SiPM. Using the values presented for the MPPC-11 in Table ...
... avalanche is quenched properly and therefore is well below . On the other hand, chosen such that should be chosen as small as possible to ensure fast recovery times. Therefore, should be larger, but not much larger than in a properly designed SiPM. Using the values presented for the MPPC-11 in Table ...
Amateur Radio Technician Class License Study Guide
... An amateur station is required to transmit its assigned call sign at least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a contact. [97.119(a)] The English language is an acceptable language for use for station identification when operating in a phone sub-band. [97.119(b)] The method of call sign identi ...
... An amateur station is required to transmit its assigned call sign at least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a contact. [97.119(a)] The English language is an acceptable language for use for station identification when operating in a phone sub-band. [97.119(b)] The method of call sign identi ...
MEASUREMENTS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION INDUCED BY PARTIAL
... partial discharges there. This phenomenon causes a partial breakdown of the dielectric by sparking across the existing voids. Intensity of this phenomenon depends among other things on a void size and the inside humidity that characterizes conditions at their production process. It does not result i ...
... partial discharges there. This phenomenon causes a partial breakdown of the dielectric by sparking across the existing voids. Intensity of this phenomenon depends among other things on a void size and the inside humidity that characterizes conditions at their production process. It does not result i ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
... ionization in the upper atmosphere due to the sun [2,3]. Radio propagation (power density) is affected by several other factors determined by its path from point of propagation to the point of reception. Hence the need to measure the field strength at points away from the transmitter base.Free space ...
... ionization in the upper atmosphere due to the sun [2,3]. Radio propagation (power density) is affected by several other factors determined by its path from point of propagation to the point of reception. Hence the need to measure the field strength at points away from the transmitter base.Free space ...
Signal detector circuit
... is at a given level which is more positive than the Field of the invention 30 potential at the source, the resistance of the transistor The present invention is related to the signal de is very high and no signal passes from the source 14 to the drain 22, the input signal being conducted to ground t ...
... is at a given level which is more positive than the Field of the invention 30 potential at the source, the resistance of the transistor The present invention is related to the signal de is very high and no signal passes from the source 14 to the drain 22, the input signal being conducted to ground t ...
A universal electromagnetic energy conversion
... applications to maximize the energy transfer ratio. However, the unavoidable impedance matching circuits [1, 2] required for high signal transfer ratio cause their effectiveness to deteriorate above microwave frequencies. Antireflection microstructures are commonly used in solar cells to optimize th ...
... applications to maximize the energy transfer ratio. However, the unavoidable impedance matching circuits [1, 2] required for high signal transfer ratio cause their effectiveness to deteriorate above microwave frequencies. Antireflection microstructures are commonly used in solar cells to optimize th ...
Audiometers, Calibration
... Calibration Process Earphone (from audiometer) placed over “an artificial ear” that simulates an ear canal volume. A microphone is placed on top of the artificial ear ...
... Calibration Process Earphone (from audiometer) placed over “an artificial ear” that simulates an ear canal volume. A microphone is placed on top of the artificial ear ...
Chapter 2. Signal Processing and Modulation
... least double the highest significant frequency component of the signal. This is known as the Nyquist rate. In addition, the number of discrete levels to which the signal is quantised must also be sufficient to represent variations in the amplitude to the required accuracy. Most ADCs quantise to 12 o ...
... least double the highest significant frequency component of the signal. This is known as the Nyquist rate. In addition, the number of discrete levels to which the signal is quantised must also be sufficient to represent variations in the amplitude to the required accuracy. Most ADCs quantise to 12 o ...
Advanced Experimental Medical Diagnostic System Design
... production cost. The lower the production cost per device is, the easier the large scale deployment is. However the cost of the device has to be balanced with device quality and performance. Data Acquisition Unit. Moreover, design of device for biomedical data acquisition is driven by some general r ...
... production cost. The lower the production cost per device is, the easier the large scale deployment is. However the cost of the device has to be balanced with device quality and performance. Data Acquisition Unit. Moreover, design of device for biomedical data acquisition is driven by some general r ...
Data Communication and Computer Networks 1303330
... Multilevel: 8B6T scheme eight binary, six ternary The idea is to encode a pattern of 8 bits as a pattern of 6 signal elements, where the signal has three levels (ternary). In this type of scheme, we can have 28 = 256 different data patterns and 36 = 478 different signal patterns. The mapping table ...
... Multilevel: 8B6T scheme eight binary, six ternary The idea is to encode a pattern of 8 bits as a pattern of 6 signal elements, where the signal has three levels (ternary). In this type of scheme, we can have 28 = 256 different data patterns and 36 = 478 different signal patterns. The mapping table ...
Signal Integrity
... reliability of the board cannot be guaranteed. As a result the PCB that is produced most surely will not work which results in a redesign causing additional cost and delay. The traditional way of debugging hardware designs by patching boards is not possible at high frequencies. What is Signal Integr ...
... reliability of the board cannot be guaranteed. As a result the PCB that is produced most surely will not work which results in a redesign causing additional cost and delay. The traditional way of debugging hardware designs by patching boards is not possible at high frequencies. What is Signal Integr ...
Digital Transmission
... a. Signal Element Versus Data Element • Let us distinguish between a data element and a signal element. In data communications, our goal is to send data elements. A data element is the smallest entity that can represent a piece of information: this is the bit. In digital data communications, a signa ...
... a. Signal Element Versus Data Element • Let us distinguish between a data element and a signal element. In data communications, our goal is to send data elements. A data element is the smallest entity that can represent a piece of information: this is the bit. In digital data communications, a signa ...
The information carrying capacity of a channel Chapter 8
... and a serial binary data stream — and decide which would make the best use of a given channel. When doing this it should be remembered that there are a large variety of ways in which information can be represented. This comparison only tells us which out of the two we've considered is better. If we ...
... and a serial binary data stream — and decide which would make the best use of a given channel. When doing this it should be remembered that there are a large variety of ways in which information can be represented. This comparison only tells us which out of the two we've considered is better. If we ...
Non-contact ECG measurement using EPIC Sensors
... The human heartbeat is arguably the single most important (“life-and-death”) diagnostic indicator. Thus electrocardiograms (ECGs) are one of the most significant diagnostic methods in that they monitor heart function. ECGs are not only used in a clinical setting but are increasingly seen in personal ...
... The human heartbeat is arguably the single most important (“life-and-death”) diagnostic indicator. Thus electrocardiograms (ECGs) are one of the most significant diagnostic methods in that they monitor heart function. ECGs are not only used in a clinical setting but are increasingly seen in personal ...
High-frequency direction finding
High-frequency direction finding, usually known by its abbreviation HF/DF or nickname huff-duff, is the common name for a type of radio direction finder (RDF) introduced in World War II. High frequency (HF) refers to a radio band that can efficiently communicate over long distances; for example, between U-boats and their land-based headquarters. HF/DF was primarily used to catch enemy radios while they transmitted, although it was also used to locate friendly aircraft as a navigation aid. The basic technique remains in use to this day as one of the fundamental disciplines of signals intelligence, although typically incorporated into a larger suite of radio systems and radars instead of being a stand-alone system.Huff-duff used a set of antennas to receive the same signal in slightly different locations or angles, and then used the slight differences in the signal to display the bearing to the transmitter on an oscilloscope display. Earlier systems used a mechanically rotated antenna (or solenoid) and an operator listening for peaks or nulls in the signal, which took considerable time to determine. Huff-duff's speed allowed it to catch fleeting signals, such as those from the U-boat fleet.The system was initially developed by Robert Watson-Watt starting in 1926, although many of the practical elements were not developed until the late 1930s. Huff-duff units were in very high demand, and there was considerable inter-service rivalry involved in their distribution. An early use was by the RAF Fighter Command as part of the Dowding system of interception control, while ground-based units were also widely used to collect information for the Admiralty to locate U-boats. Between 1942 and 1944, smaller units became widely available and were common fixtures on Royal Navy ships. It is estimated huff-duff contributed to 24% of all U-boats sunk during the war.The basic concept is also known by several alternate names, including Cathode-Ray Direction Finding (CRDF), Twin Path DF, and for its inventor, Watson-Watt DF or Adcock/Watson-Watt when the antenna is considered.