Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Controlling a
... The surgery to implant an ICD is usually relatively minor. It can be performed with local anesthesia and a sedative that puts you in a relaxed state but allows you to remain aware of your surroundings. The procedure typically takes one to three hours. Testing the ICD requires shocking your heart and ...
... The surgery to implant an ICD is usually relatively minor. It can be performed with local anesthesia and a sedative that puts you in a relaxed state but allows you to remain aware of your surroundings. The procedure typically takes one to three hours. Testing the ICD requires shocking your heart and ...
Cardiac Catheterization and Angiogram
... During the catheterization an angiogram is usually performed. This is done by injecting special fluid (called dye or contrast) through the catheter into a blood vessel or a chamber of the heart. Since the dye is visible by X-ray, an X-ray movie of the circulation can be recorded. An angiogram requir ...
... During the catheterization an angiogram is usually performed. This is done by injecting special fluid (called dye or contrast) through the catheter into a blood vessel or a chamber of the heart. Since the dye is visible by X-ray, an X-ray movie of the circulation can be recorded. An angiogram requir ...
Patient Guide to Supraventricular Tachycardia
... • Bearing down, like when having a bowel movement (also to increase the pressure in your chest) • Standing on your head for 1 to 2 minutes. • Placing cold ice water on a washcloth and placing the washcloth over your face for 5 to 10 seconds. If vagal maneuvers do not slow down your heart back t ...
... • Bearing down, like when having a bowel movement (also to increase the pressure in your chest) • Standing on your head for 1 to 2 minutes. • Placing cold ice water on a washcloth and placing the washcloth over your face for 5 to 10 seconds. If vagal maneuvers do not slow down your heart back t ...
Heart and Circulatory System II
... Transition from Fetal to Neonatal Circulation Pulmonary blood flow Pulmonary venous return Left atrial pressure Closure Foramen Ovale ...
... Transition from Fetal to Neonatal Circulation Pulmonary blood flow Pulmonary venous return Left atrial pressure Closure Foramen Ovale ...
phys chapter 23 [12-11
... two or more times for every one time it passes through systemic circulation Patients do not show cyanosis until later in life, when heart fails or lungs become congested – young patients may even be better for increased times through pulmonary circuit Major effects are decreased cardiac and resp ...
... two or more times for every one time it passes through systemic circulation Patients do not show cyanosis until later in life, when heart fails or lungs become congested – young patients may even be better for increased times through pulmonary circuit Major effects are decreased cardiac and resp ...
Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Heart
... symptoms persist, introduction of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist is recommended and can reduce sudden cardiac death. If symptoms continue, substitution of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor with the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduce ...
... symptoms persist, introduction of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist is recommended and can reduce sudden cardiac death. If symptoms continue, substitution of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor with the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduce ...
Conduction System of the Heart
... rate of discharge in sinus node is 70-80/min.; A-V node - 40-60/min.; Purkinje fibers - 15-40/min. l Sinus node is pacemaker because of its faster discharge rate l Intrinsic rate of subsequent parts is suppressed by “Overdrive suppression” ...
... rate of discharge in sinus node is 70-80/min.; A-V node - 40-60/min.; Purkinje fibers - 15-40/min. l Sinus node is pacemaker because of its faster discharge rate l Intrinsic rate of subsequent parts is suppressed by “Overdrive suppression” ...
DCM: Dilated cardiomyopathy. Inherited Heart Disease Clinic
... rare, some viruses can be severe enough to weaken the heart muscle), autoimmune disease (the body’s own immune system attacks itself), excessive alcohol intake, pregnancy (although uncommon, the extra demands on the mother’s heart can cause DCM) and even causes that may not be found (idiopathic). ...
... rare, some viruses can be severe enough to weaken the heart muscle), autoimmune disease (the body’s own immune system attacks itself), excessive alcohol intake, pregnancy (although uncommon, the extra demands on the mother’s heart can cause DCM) and even causes that may not be found (idiopathic). ...
Heart Valves
... isovolumetric contraction (ventricles are contracting but there is no blood flow), the shorter the duration of ventricular ejection and the larger the ESV – afterload increase – stroke volume decrease • Hypertension increases afterload, resulting in increased ESV and reduced SV Copyright © 2010 Pear ...
... isovolumetric contraction (ventricles are contracting but there is no blood flow), the shorter the duration of ventricular ejection and the larger the ESV – afterload increase – stroke volume decrease • Hypertension increases afterload, resulting in increased ESV and reduced SV Copyright © 2010 Pear ...
May 2015 - American Society of Exercise Physiologists
... that regular exercise increases the size of the heart. In aerobic athletes, the large left ventricle is a positive adaptation to the large venous return and, therefore, the large left ventricular end-diastolic volume that increases stroke volume.” This adaptation at the heart level allows for a more ...
... that regular exercise increases the size of the heart. In aerobic athletes, the large left ventricle is a positive adaptation to the large venous return and, therefore, the large left ventricular end-diastolic volume that increases stroke volume.” This adaptation at the heart level allows for a more ...
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
... the aorta is connected to the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle Oxygen-poor (blue) blood returns to the right atrium from the body passes through the right atrium and ventricle, into the misconnected aorta back to the body. Oxygen-rich (red) blood retur ...
... the aorta is connected to the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle Oxygen-poor (blue) blood returns to the right atrium from the body passes through the right atrium and ventricle, into the misconnected aorta back to the body. Oxygen-rich (red) blood retur ...
Recurrent acute heart failure caused by sliding hiatus hernia
... oedema as well as basal crackles heard over both lungs. An electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm without any ischaemic or hypertensive changes. Careful examination of the chest radiograph showed congested lung field with mild bilateral pleural effusion compatible with acute pulmonary oedema. ...
... oedema as well as basal crackles heard over both lungs. An electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm without any ischaemic or hypertensive changes. Careful examination of the chest radiograph showed congested lung field with mild bilateral pleural effusion compatible with acute pulmonary oedema. ...
pulmonary semilunar valves
... • Mild leaks may be heard as a heart murmur; when a valve does not close tightly (incompetent), a swishing sound will be heard as blood flows backwards through a partially open valve; forces heart to pump and repump same blood, heart weakens and fails • Valvular stenosis – valve flaps become stiff, ...
... • Mild leaks may be heard as a heart murmur; when a valve does not close tightly (incompetent), a swishing sound will be heard as blood flows backwards through a partially open valve; forces heart to pump and repump same blood, heart weakens and fails • Valvular stenosis – valve flaps become stiff, ...
The Vertebrate Animal Heart - Intelligent Design and Evolution
... steps involved with blood entering the heart: 1) oxygen poor blood enters the first atrium. 2) oxygen poor blood is fed to the first ventricle, which pumps it out to the pulmonary circuit (lungs) where it is enriched in oxygen. 3) Oxygen rich blood just leaving the lungs is pumped back into the sec ...
... steps involved with blood entering the heart: 1) oxygen poor blood enters the first atrium. 2) oxygen poor blood is fed to the first ventricle, which pumps it out to the pulmonary circuit (lungs) where it is enriched in oxygen. 3) Oxygen rich blood just leaving the lungs is pumped back into the sec ...
INTRODUCTION - JACC: Heart Failure
... HF demonstrating achieved workloads of 50-80 Watts which translates to the desired duration of testing (8-11min) shown to optimize peak VO2 measurement.(6) Treadmill protocols should also consist of a gradual increment in speed and grade with an ~10 W/min ramp (for a 70 kg individual), which is the ...
... HF demonstrating achieved workloads of 50-80 Watts which translates to the desired duration of testing (8-11min) shown to optimize peak VO2 measurement.(6) Treadmill protocols should also consist of a gradual increment in speed and grade with an ~10 W/min ramp (for a 70 kg individual), which is the ...
Teaching at the Bedside Using CHF as the Model
... 1.^ "heart failure" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary 2.^ mayoclinic.com > Heart failure Dec. 23, 2009 3.^ medterms.com > Definition of Heart failure Last Editorial Review: 6/18/2002 4.^ a b c McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA (2005). "Heart failure". Lancet 365 (9474): 1877–89. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66621- ...
... 1.^ "heart failure" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary 2.^ mayoclinic.com > Heart failure Dec. 23, 2009 3.^ medterms.com > Definition of Heart failure Last Editorial Review: 6/18/2002 4.^ a b c McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA (2005). "Heart failure". Lancet 365 (9474): 1877–89. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66621- ...
Update in the Approach to and Management of Heart Failure
... HF is traditionally identified using bedside signs and symptoms that have been incorporated into various criteria for its diagnosis. For example, the Framingham criteria defines HF if two major or one major and one minor clinical criterion are present (Table 3).8 However, in clinical practice, the h ...
... HF is traditionally identified using bedside signs and symptoms that have been incorporated into various criteria for its diagnosis. For example, the Framingham criteria defines HF if two major or one major and one minor clinical criterion are present (Table 3).8 However, in clinical practice, the h ...
ICU management: special cases of cardiogenic shock.
... Patients with IWMI with ST elevation and hemodynamic compromise should be screened for RV MI by right precordial V4R lead to detect ST elevation and by echocardiography Among patients with ST elevation MI and RV MI ...
... Patients with IWMI with ST elevation and hemodynamic compromise should be screened for RV MI by right precordial V4R lead to detect ST elevation and by echocardiography Among patients with ST elevation MI and RV MI ...
Diagnosis of valvular diseases
... • Radiation often to the neck • Heard best with the patient sitting and leaning forward, after complete exhalation. • The intensity of the murmur decreases in upright position and during exercise ...
... • Radiation often to the neck • Heard best with the patient sitting and leaning forward, after complete exhalation. • The intensity of the murmur decreases in upright position and during exercise ...
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
... and transforming growth factor‑β3. So far at least nine different genetic types of ARVC have been distinguished. Fibro-fatty degeneration of RV myocardium is a reparative mechanism for necrosis and apoptosis of myocytes. The regions affected are those prone to increased hemodynamic stress (the so ca ...
... and transforming growth factor‑β3. So far at least nine different genetic types of ARVC have been distinguished. Fibro-fatty degeneration of RV myocardium is a reparative mechanism for necrosis and apoptosis of myocytes. The regions affected are those prone to increased hemodynamic stress (the so ca ...
Biventricular heart failure secondary to calcified
... diastole when there is the sudden cessation of rapid ventricular diastolic filling. When accurately recognized, a pericardial knock is a specific but insensitive indicator of pericardial constriction.1-7 In many cases of chronic pericardial constriction, definitive treatment is surgical and consists ...
... diastole when there is the sudden cessation of rapid ventricular diastolic filling. When accurately recognized, a pericardial knock is a specific but insensitive indicator of pericardial constriction.1-7 In many cases of chronic pericardial constriction, definitive treatment is surgical and consists ...
Hypertension CVS2
... • Blood pressure is a function of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. • Blood pressure BP = CO x TPR • Hypertension (HTN) is usually considered when there is : – A sustained diastolic pressure greater than 89 mm Hg ...
... • Blood pressure is a function of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. • Blood pressure BP = CO x TPR • Hypertension (HTN) is usually considered when there is : – A sustained diastolic pressure greater than 89 mm Hg ...
Genetic Testing to Detect Atrial Septal Defect with Atrioventricular
... The key to effective treatment of both ASD and AV Block is early diagnosis. ASDs are treated by closing the opening – this can be done either by open-heart surgery or by insertion of a closing device into the hole through a blood vessel. If an ASD is closed while the patient is still young and presy ...
... The key to effective treatment of both ASD and AV Block is early diagnosis. ASDs are treated by closing the opening – this can be done either by open-heart surgery or by insertion of a closing device into the hole through a blood vessel. If an ASD is closed while the patient is still young and presy ...
Atrial Fibrillation Patient Information Booklet
... The aim of treatment initially is to reduce the frequency and/or severity of AF with medication, called anti-arrhythmic drugs. There are various drugs available for treating the AF episodes. One of these, Flecainide, can be effective at reducing the severity and frequency of the episodes. This drug ...
... The aim of treatment initially is to reduce the frequency and/or severity of AF with medication, called anti-arrhythmic drugs. There are various drugs available for treating the AF episodes. One of these, Flecainide, can be effective at reducing the severity and frequency of the episodes. This drug ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.