The Autonomic Nervous System and Heart Failure
... the acute setting, catecholamine-induced augmentation of ventricular contractility and heart rate help maintain cardiac output. Increased sympathetic activity also leads to systemic vasoconstriction and enhanced venous tone, both of which initially contribute to maintenance of blood pressure by incr ...
... the acute setting, catecholamine-induced augmentation of ventricular contractility and heart rate help maintain cardiac output. Increased sympathetic activity also leads to systemic vasoconstriction and enhanced venous tone, both of which initially contribute to maintenance of blood pressure by incr ...
Assess Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function
... What is diastolic dysfunction? • Heart failure in the presence of preserved EF – Abnormal relaxation of myocardium – 40-50% of all cases of heart failure – High morbidity and mortality, especially in pediatrics ...
... What is diastolic dysfunction? • Heart failure in the presence of preserved EF – Abnormal relaxation of myocardium – 40-50% of all cases of heart failure – High morbidity and mortality, especially in pediatrics ...
Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart
... - atria continues to beat at normal rate of sinus node - pacemaker develops in purkinje system for the ventricles to contract ventricle muscle - purkinje “pacemaker” starts 5-20 seconds later because fibers are suppressed from previous sinus over-load - during these 5-20 seconds the ventricle fails ...
... - atria continues to beat at normal rate of sinus node - pacemaker develops in purkinje system for the ventricles to contract ventricle muscle - purkinje “pacemaker” starts 5-20 seconds later because fibers are suppressed from previous sinus over-load - during these 5-20 seconds the ventricle fails ...
Outcome Analysis of Cardiac Resynchronisation of Moderate to
... Abstract: In approximately 30% of patients with chronic heart failure the disease process not only depresses cardiac contractility but also affects the conduction pathways, causing delay in the onset of right/left ventricular systole. This dyssynchrony is apparent on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a ...
... Abstract: In approximately 30% of patients with chronic heart failure the disease process not only depresses cardiac contractility but also affects the conduction pathways, causing delay in the onset of right/left ventricular systole. This dyssynchrony is apparent on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a ...
Measuring Left Ventricular Volumes in Two
... are absolutely crucial for precise determination of a wide variety of variables along with their correlations used during the assessment of left ventricular function (3-9), the 2D echocardiography is the most commonly used approach for such measurements. To typify universal cardiac functions, a sign ...
... are absolutely crucial for precise determination of a wide variety of variables along with their correlations used during the assessment of left ventricular function (3-9), the 2D echocardiography is the most commonly used approach for such measurements. To typify universal cardiac functions, a sign ...
Basic Cardiovascular System and Pathological Abnormalities
... • Palpate liver • +/- rales and CXR to evaluate for CHF • Reverse dehydration Reverse acidosis ...
... • Palpate liver • +/- rales and CXR to evaluate for CHF • Reverse dehydration Reverse acidosis ...
Primary Cardiac Lymphoma
... Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) has rarely been reported in Chinese populations. PCL mostly occurs in the right atrium. The clinical manifestations may be variable and are attributed to its location, the presence of congestive heart failure, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, and cardiomegaly. The pro ...
... Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) has rarely been reported in Chinese populations. PCL mostly occurs in the right atrium. The clinical manifestations may be variable and are attributed to its location, the presence of congestive heart failure, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, and cardiomegaly. The pro ...
Computer Simulation of Bundle Branch re
... system. More complex pattern resulting in fascicular ree n q have recently been reported and show the importance of the stimulus site: [2]. In diseased hearts, sustained bundle branch reentrant tachycardia can occur when there is sufficient delay in His-Purkinje conduction such that the reentrant im ...
... system. More complex pattern resulting in fascicular ree n q have recently been reported and show the importance of the stimulus site: [2]. In diseased hearts, sustained bundle branch reentrant tachycardia can occur when there is sufficient delay in His-Purkinje conduction such that the reentrant im ...
Ventricular ectopic beats in structurally normal heart: When to stop
... their presence in patients with heart disease is often associated with poor outcome, e.g. in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, the presence of ventricular ectopics increases mortality.2 Regarding treatment, in the absence of underlying heart disease, the presence of ventricular ectop ...
... their presence in patients with heart disease is often associated with poor outcome, e.g. in patients with a history of myocardial infarction, the presence of ventricular ectopics increases mortality.2 Regarding treatment, in the absence of underlying heart disease, the presence of ventricular ectop ...
Congenital heart disease is no longer a paediatric specialty
... starts to submit better quality research proposals’. The most important determinants of outcome in the ACHD population are the development of arrhythmia, ventricular failure, and valve function. Excitingly, catheter-based procedures, including stenting and percutaneous valve implantation, are increa ...
... starts to submit better quality research proposals’. The most important determinants of outcome in the ACHD population are the development of arrhythmia, ventricular failure, and valve function. Excitingly, catheter-based procedures, including stenting and percutaneous valve implantation, are increa ...
Meandering Right Pulmonary Vein Simulating the Scimitar Syndrome*
... atrium (foramen of Bochdalek). Aberrant pulmonary veins may join this system at any point. Usually the coronary sinus or left superior vena cava, or occasionally both,*^^*^^ drain the abnormal vessel. If neither is patent, blood drains via the thebesian system into the left atrium. We postulate this ...
... atrium (foramen of Bochdalek). Aberrant pulmonary veins may join this system at any point. Usually the coronary sinus or left superior vena cava, or occasionally both,*^^*^^ drain the abnormal vessel. If neither is patent, blood drains via the thebesian system into the left atrium. We postulate this ...
Chapter 19 Lecture Outline
... – Pain caused by ischemia of cardiac muscle – Obstruction partially blocks blood flow – Myocardium shifts to anaerobic fermentation, producing lactic acid and thus stimulating pain ...
... – Pain caused by ischemia of cardiac muscle – Obstruction partially blocks blood flow – Myocardium shifts to anaerobic fermentation, producing lactic acid and thus stimulating pain ...
NHS Grampian Heart Failure Guidelines
... with cardiologist/hospital physician (generally, in the absence clinical fluid retention, the dose of diuretic should be reduced). Hyponatraemia: Hyponatraemia can be a difficult problem. It can be due to high dose diuretics which may sometimes be associated with dehydration/overdiuresis, but freque ...
... with cardiologist/hospital physician (generally, in the absence clinical fluid retention, the dose of diuretic should be reduced). Hyponatraemia: Hyponatraemia can be a difficult problem. It can be due to high dose diuretics which may sometimes be associated with dehydration/overdiuresis, but freque ...
Many survivors of surgical correction for tetralogy might not get the
... their child as determined by a cardiologist, and nearly 39% of parents imposed excessive and unnecessary exercise restriction on their child.” Other complications that may arise later in life after surgical correction of tetralogy are: arrhythmias that occur as the result of scar tissue from the sur ...
... their child as determined by a cardiologist, and nearly 39% of parents imposed excessive and unnecessary exercise restriction on their child.” Other complications that may arise later in life after surgical correction of tetralogy are: arrhythmias that occur as the result of scar tissue from the sur ...
Neonatal Cardiac Emergencies: Evaluation and Management
... (14%), cutaneous flush (10%), bradycardia (7%), seizures (4%), cardiac arrest (1%), and edema (1%) are uncommon [4]. Until a definitive procedure is planned, it is important to maintain a balance between systemic and pulmonary blood flow and it is important to avoid any maneuver that reduces pulmona ...
... (14%), cutaneous flush (10%), bradycardia (7%), seizures (4%), cardiac arrest (1%), and edema (1%) are uncommon [4]. Until a definitive procedure is planned, it is important to maintain a balance between systemic and pulmonary blood flow and it is important to avoid any maneuver that reduces pulmona ...
BUNDLE OF HIS
... Blood leaves through pulmonary valve (pulmonary semilunar valve) into pulmonary trunk and then right and left pulmonary arteries Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ...
... Blood leaves through pulmonary valve (pulmonary semilunar valve) into pulmonary trunk and then right and left pulmonary arteries Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ...
A -A T P
... changes, including activation of the sympathetic nervous system, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and reduction in activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.3 Increased levels of catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, are hallmarks of the deleterious neuroendocrine c ...
... changes, including activation of the sympathetic nervous system, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and reduction in activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.3 Increased levels of catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, are hallmarks of the deleterious neuroendocrine c ...
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation
... Cardiac arrest may occur during deep anesthesia, when many patients develop severe hypoxia because of inadequate respiration. The hypoxia prevents the muscle fibers and conductive fibers from maintaining normal electrolyte concentration differentials across their membranes, and their excitability ma ...
... Cardiac arrest may occur during deep anesthesia, when many patients develop severe hypoxia because of inadequate respiration. The hypoxia prevents the muscle fibers and conductive fibers from maintaining normal electrolyte concentration differentials across their membranes, and their excitability ma ...
Exercise training increases arterial compliance in patients with
... associated with the daily lifestyle of patients with heart failure. However, the mechanism(s) by which exercise improves these parameters is uncertain. In healthy subjects, it is now well established that aerobic training improves arterial compliance [7–11]. To date, the effect of an exercise traini ...
... associated with the daily lifestyle of patients with heart failure. However, the mechanism(s) by which exercise improves these parameters is uncertain. In healthy subjects, it is now well established that aerobic training improves arterial compliance [7–11]. To date, the effect of an exercise traini ...
Relationship of Left Ventricular Structure to
... Two cardiopulmonary exercise treadmill tests separated by 7 to 14 days were performed by each patient. The first utilized a modified Balke-Ware protocol.9 Its purpose was to familiarize the subject with the procedures of treadmill exercise and expired gas analysis and to measure the subject's maxima ...
... Two cardiopulmonary exercise treadmill tests separated by 7 to 14 days were performed by each patient. The first utilized a modified Balke-Ware protocol.9 Its purpose was to familiarize the subject with the procedures of treadmill exercise and expired gas analysis and to measure the subject's maxima ...
Comparative Hemodynamic Effects of Inotropic and
... vascular resistance was consequently lower than during either drug infusion given alone. The cardiac output rose less in these five subjects during infusion of nitroprusside alone and dobutamine alone than the average response to these drugs in the other 12 patients. The apparently diminished respon ...
... vascular resistance was consequently lower than during either drug infusion given alone. The cardiac output rose less in these five subjects during infusion of nitroprusside alone and dobutamine alone than the average response to these drugs in the other 12 patients. The apparently diminished respon ...
Artificial Hearts and Ventricular Assist Devices
... intracorporeal, single ventricle, without cardiopulmonary bypass ...
... intracorporeal, single ventricle, without cardiopulmonary bypass ...
treating atrial fibrillation
... Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat resulting from rapid electrical activity in the upper chambers of the heart (atria) with irregular and often rapid conduction to the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). It is the most common type of heart rhythm disturbance. In atrial fibrillation, ...
... Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat resulting from rapid electrical activity in the upper chambers of the heart (atria) with irregular and often rapid conduction to the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). It is the most common type of heart rhythm disturbance. In atrial fibrillation, ...
Pacemakers and ICD`s
... CHB, Mobitz type 2 AV block, medically refractory symptomatic bradycardia, alternating BBB, new bifascicular block, new BBB with anterior MI In absence of acute MI : SSS, CHB, Mobitz type 2 AV block Treatment of tachyarrhythmias : VT ...
... CHB, Mobitz type 2 AV block, medically refractory symptomatic bradycardia, alternating BBB, new bifascicular block, new BBB with anterior MI In absence of acute MI : SSS, CHB, Mobitz type 2 AV block Treatment of tachyarrhythmias : VT ...
AUSCULTATION SKILLS for ATHLETIC TRAINERS
... b. Medical community early 1900s: increased cardiac size in athletes was a pathologic response to the increased cardiac stress of exercise c. Frieberg 1972: cardiovascular changes noted among athletes were more a function of disease (acquired or congenital) than a physiologic response to the adaptat ...
... b. Medical community early 1900s: increased cardiac size in athletes was a pathologic response to the increased cardiac stress of exercise c. Frieberg 1972: cardiovascular changes noted among athletes were more a function of disease (acquired or congenital) than a physiologic response to the adaptat ...
Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.