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Print - Circulation
Print - Circulation

... has been beset with many difficulties and remains a challenge to the cardiac surgeon. Many technics have been devised for its complete or partial correction.12 A logical method for correcting this anomaly is retransposing the aorta and pulmonary artery. A major technical difficulty in this approach ...
File - Wk 1-2
File - Wk 1-2

... symmetrical inverted T waves – suggestive of ischaemia, but asymmetrical inverted T waves are frequently non-specific ...
Comparison of Carbohydrate and Lipid Oxidation During
Comparison of Carbohydrate and Lipid Oxidation During

... A) Inclusion and exclusion criteria Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% (measured within 6 months of enrolment by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography or cardiac magnetic resonance), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I t ...
Non-surgical Alternatives to Repair Congenital Heart Defects
Non-surgical Alternatives to Repair Congenital Heart Defects

... circulation. Because of the relatively low risk of recurrent stroke (1% to 5% per year), transcatheter closure of PFOs is currently indicated for patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO who have had a recurrent stroke on medical therapy.There are two devices that currently have limited FDA approval ...
File - Dr. Jerry Cronin
File - Dr. Jerry Cronin

... – Affects ability of muscle cells to produce tension ...


... pre- before; in front of hyper- above;more than normal tens/o- pressure,tension -ion action; condition ...
Dual Chamber Pacemakers: Fact Sheet
Dual Chamber Pacemakers: Fact Sheet

... 4. Second-degree AV heart block of Type I (i.e., progressive prolongation of P-R interval prior to each blocked beat) with significant symptoms due to hemodynamic instability associated with the heart block; 5. Sinus bradycardia associated with major symptoms (e.g., syncope, seizures, congestive h ...
Anastomosis in Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum
Anastomosis in Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum

... patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease and duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow is technically feasible and provides an effective alternative to surgical systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts. In RV-dependent coronary circulation oxygen delivery to the myocardium more or less depends on the RV ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション

... workload and helps to maintain cardiac function. If the condition is prolonged, however, it can develop into heart failure. New insight into how that transition occurs has been obtained in a study of a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. As the animal's heart enlarges, new blood vessels develop to s ...
information sheet
information sheet

... Normal spirometry and lung volumes (or mild restriction) with reduced DLCO (40-80% predicted) is indicative of PAH. Decreased lung volume together with a decrease in DLCO may indicate ILD. CT scans can be used to assess severity of emphysema or interstitial lung disease. COPD as a cause of ...
Baroreceptor reflex in heart failure
Baroreceptor reflex in heart failure

... well as poor SA nodal responsiveness[39]. It has been shown that β receptor down-regulation occurs in low output heart failure[40]. In addition, it has also been reported that these receptors become uncoupled from their regulatory proteins in heart failure[40,41]. Studies from our laboratory indicat ...
Vagal Stimulation, Through its Nicotinic Action, Limits Infarct Size
Vagal Stimulation, Through its Nicotinic Action, Limits Infarct Size

... the possibility that vagal activity might represent 1 such physiological modulator. We focused on the vagus nerve because there is evidence suggesting its significant role and because over the years, our experimental and clinical studies on the neural control of the heart8 have provided data relevan ...
Understanding Basic EKG - Understanding EKG Basics
Understanding Basic EKG - Understanding EKG Basics

... om/images/anatomy-of-the-humanheart.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.micardia.com/CHF-CongestiveHeart-Failure/Structural-heart-disease-and-mitralprolapses.php&usg=__vAFkAZBOMi2yoKCxSP0R39jzRQE=&h=324 ...
Introductory Program
Introductory Program

... venous pulsations above the mid right atrium, as the latter is the zero reference pressure. The patient should be examined in the semi-recumbent position at whatever angle the veins are best visualized. The sternal angle is used as a bedside reference point. It is 5 cm above the mid right atrium, an ...
Mechanical Properties of the Myocardium in the Ischemic Heart
Mechanical Properties of the Myocardium in the Ischemic Heart

... the wonderful opportunity to work in his laboratory at TUGraz. ...
CorePace #5 - Pacemaker Basics
CorePace #5 - Pacemaker Basics

... • Changes in a patient’s disease and/or medications may alter the efficacy of the device’s programmed parameters. Patients should avoid sources of magnetic and electromagnetic radiation to avoid possible underdetection, inappropriate sensing and/or therapy delivery, tissue damage, induction of an ar ...
A Patient`s Guide to the Non-surgical Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect
A Patient`s Guide to the Non-surgical Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect

... to first understand how a normal heart works (Figure 1). The heart is a pump with four chambers: two small upper chambers called the atria (you have a right and a left atrium) and two larger, more powerful pumping chambers called ventricles (again you have a right and a left ventricle). A healthy he ...
Advances In Cardiology, Interventional Cardiology, and
Advances In Cardiology, Interventional Cardiology, and

... who have patent foramen ovale (PFO), which has been associated with various disease processes. These include paradoxical emboli causing cryptogenic strokes or other systemic arterial occlusion events, systemic hypoxemia from right-to-left shunt, decompression sickness in divers, and migraine headach ...
Combined right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction
Combined right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction

... and with other prognostic markers has not yet been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic impact of combined right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with symptomatic heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Metho ...
Nonuniformity: A physiologic modulator of contraction and relaxation
Nonuniformity: A physiologic modulator of contraction and relaxation

... activation-inactivation, nonuniformity) of controls regulates systolic function of the normal ventricle. In the diseased heart, even when loading and activation-inactivationare normal, the modulating role played by this nonuniformity can become imbalanced because of abnormal cavity size or shape or ...
acoustic cardiography
acoustic cardiography

... compliance (eg in acute myocardial infarction and ischaemia) [29–33]. Decreased left ventricular compliance also results in decreased left ventricular filling times, especially the passive phase of diastolic filling and the proportion of diastole that the PAFT occupies. ...
Respiratory muscle dysfunction in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Respiratory muscle dysfunction in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

... increased at rest and during exercise [2]. The ventilatory response to exercise in IPAH patients, i.e. the ratio of V9E to carbon dioxide production (V9CO2) during exercise (V9E/V9CO2 slope), is also increased and is a predictor of poor prognosis [2, 3]. The increased V9E/V9CO2 slope indicates ineff ...
PDF
PDF

... Background: The functional status of heart failure (HF) is conventionally evaluated by peak exercise oxygen consumption (VO 2 max). Dobutamine echocardiography can be used to evaluate myocardial reserve. The aim of this study was to estimate the functional status of chronic HF in patients with dilat ...
Search for HRV‐parameters that detect a sympathetic - UvA-DARE
Search for HRV‐parameters that detect a sympathetic - UvA-DARE

... attention in biomedical literature. It has been fairly well established that chronic heart failure  patients (CHF) have different heart rate variability patterns compared to matched healthy  controls (10, 35). However, many of those patients will be on ß‐blocker therapy, which has a  strong influenc ...
The patient with a heart murmur
The patient with a heart murmur

... (aortic and pulmonary) valves, respectively. Occasionally, an additional heart sound associated with the ventricles filling up with blood may be heard. It is referred to as S3 when it occurs in early diastole and S4 when heard in late diastole after the atrial contraction. Heart murmurs can be systo ...
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Heart failure



Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. The terms chronic heart failure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are often used interchangeably with congestive heart failure. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature.Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on if the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia and thyroid disease.The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine plus a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 6–10%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.
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