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Advising a cardiac disease gene positive yet phenotype negative or
Advising a cardiac disease gene positive yet phenotype negative or

... at interfamilial and intrafamilial levels, suggesting that epigenetic factors as well as environmental factors may act on the severity of the phenotype.12 However, the variability in the disease severity is accentuated between families by a great genetic heterogeneity with multiple genes, multiples ...
noţiuni de sănătate publică, epidemiologie şi informatică
noţiuni de sănătate publică, epidemiologie şi informatică

... wall motion in these segments. The same result was also found at the three-month follow-up. These findings are due to a better delineation of endocardial borders during rest and stress echocardiography after administration of a contrast agent, making regional wall motion abnormalities and wall thick ...
Original Article Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy In A 39 Year Old Female
Original Article Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy In A 39 Year Old Female

... to support a direct toxic effect of alcohol on both cardiac and skeletal myocytes which may in turn increase the rate of cellular apoptosis8. Genetic factors play a role as evidenced by studies showing that individuals with the angiotensin – converting enzyme DD genotype have an increased risk of de ...
Executive Summary - Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and
Executive Summary - Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and

... allow for the treatment of even very complex heart disease and have led to the development of hybrid cardiac catheterization laboratories where a team of physicians (including invasive cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, noninvasive cardiologists, and anesthesiologists) is required. ...
Indezine Template
Indezine Template

... Atrial fibrillation with raised tropononins predict risk for embolism much better than CHA2DS2-VASc score. • Direct trauma- minority of patients with troponin elevation develop significant complications such as hypotension, dysrhythmias, etc. • Burns- >25% Total body surface area. • Chronic hyperten ...
ESC Guidelines - Dansk Cardiologisk Selskab
ESC Guidelines - Dansk Cardiologisk Selskab

... bio-behavioural mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1654 3.4.3 Assessment of psychosocial risk factors . . . . . . . . .1654 3.5 Other biomarkers of risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1655 3.5.1 Inflammatory: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Physical activity and exercise management for the older adult with
Physical activity and exercise management for the older adult with

... duration of such activity. These factors should be considered when participating in structured exercise, recreation or activities of daily living as it is the combined accumulation from all these activities which will determine whether an individual is attaining enough physical activity to be consid ...
this document. - Metrolina Medical Associates
this document. - Metrolina Medical Associates

... • Insulin can cause the cells in your blood vessels to grow more than they should and narrow the passageway used by your blood to get to the heart. • C-peptide is a naturally occurring substance that protects your blood vessels from the damaging effects of insulin. • We measure your C-peptide ...
A Patient`s Guide - Amarillo Heart Group
A Patient`s Guide - Amarillo Heart Group

... test can help detect problems that may not show up on a resting ECG. • An echocardiogram uses ultrasound waves to create an image of the heart and the pattern of blood flow through it. It is useful for measuring the size and strength of the heart. It can also help determine whether a valve is narrow ...
1 in 5 Canadians will develop heart failure
1 in 5 Canadians will develop heart failure

... The cost of managing moderate and severe heart failure patients in Canada amounts to $2.89 billion annually.6 Progression of symptoms can be slowed with appropriate medical therapy and lifestyle modifications, both of which can prolong and improve quality of life. There is a critical need for bette ...
A Study of Microalbuminuria in Coronary Artery Disease among Non
A Study of Microalbuminuria in Coronary Artery Disease among Non

... disease. The exact pathophysiology regarding how microalbuminuria contributes to or accelerates the atherosclerotic process is uncertain. The current understanding, however suggests that mechanisms of vascular injury associated with ...
The role of marine omega-3 fatty acids in preventing and treating
The role of marine omega-3 fatty acids in preventing and treating

... cardiovascular mortality and coronary heart disease mortality were apparent within 6 to 8 months of initiating n-3 fatty acid treatment (70). More recently, the largest RCT with marine n-3 fatty acids to date, the JELIS study (71), found that after a mean follow up of 4.6 years there was a 19% relat ...
Percutaneous coronary stenting in patients with left ventricular
Percutaneous coronary stenting in patients with left ventricular

... patients with systolic dysfunction, yielding a low risk of periprocedural morbidity and mortality; b) event rates increase markedly over follow-up, as can be expected in such a high-risk patient population, but the benefits of achieving revascularisation and improving even modestly a depressed cardi ...
Acute coronary syndromes
Acute coronary syndromes

... the diabetic myocardium is more sensitive to ischemia.23 Paradoxically diabetic patients often present with a more wide spread coronary disease and the reason for this is not known.24 Possibly diabetics are protected by a slowly developing collateral network. Diabetes per se continues to be associat ...
Syncope
Syncope

... • AHA/ACCF Scientific Statement on the Evaluation of Syncope: From the American Heart Association Councils on Clinical Cardiology, etc, ...
Longitudinal Hemodynamic Measurements in Swine System
Longitudinal Hemodynamic Measurements in Swine System

... Chronic monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, and flow in conscious free-roaming large animals can offer considerable opportunity to understand the progression of cardiovascular diseases and can test new diagnostics and therapeutics. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility ...
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

... Comparisons between the patients with hypertension and the controls were performed using Students “unpaired t test”. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to test for significant association between the vagal tests (resting heart rate, E: I ratio and resting heart rate variability) and total leu ...
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)

... bio-behavioural mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1654 3.4.3 Assessment of psychosocial risk factors . . . . . . . . .1654 3.5 Other biomarkers of risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1655 3.5.1 Inflammatory: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Heart Restarts Teachers` notes - School
Heart Restarts Teachers` notes - School

... When Hannah’s body started to reject the donor heart the surgeons decided to try and restart her original heart. This surgery was the first of its kind for this purpose in the UK. Now she does not have to take the strong anti-rejection drugs that prevented her body rejecting the donor heart. These d ...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

... Š No recommendation for universal screening (EKG / ECHO) Š Similar to challenge of identifying risk to children who participate in vigorous exercise (also not recommended for routine screening) ...
Cardiac Anatomy
Cardiac Anatomy

... repolarization, and extends from the end of the QRS interval to the beginning of the T wave • Elevation or depression may indicate heart damage such as myocardial infarction (MI) • QT interval represents the total time required for depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles, and extends fro ...
a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

... pathologies other than myocardial infarction where the differences between normal and affected myocardium are less distinct. LGE validation data for this purpose are lacking. Spatial variation of myocardial fibrosis is the key feature that renders it potentially detectable on an LGE image [49]. In i ...
Preoperative cardiac management of the patient evidence-based approach
Preoperative cardiac management of the patient evidence-based approach

... the severity of the disease and to ensure optimal medical therapy. The findings on stress echocardiography and the serum concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or its inactive precursor N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) may be used for risk stratification. This patient ...
Bilateral Coronary Artery-Pulmonary Artery Fistulas
Bilateral Coronary Artery-Pulmonary Artery Fistulas

... Introduction ...
Association between left ventricular end
Association between left ventricular end

... disease (CAD) as well as its extent and severity evaluated by coronary angiography (CAG). 912 patients who underwent CAG and left cardiac catheterization were enrolled. There were 313 patients without CAD and 599 with CAD according to CAG. The extent and severity of coronary artery was evaluated by ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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