The Cardiovascular System: Part 1
... 1) Describe the structures of the heart that are responsible for regulating the movement of blood from one chamber to the next. 2) The pathway by which action potentials from the sinoatrial node travel through the heart is important for the normal function of the heart. Describe the conduction pathw ...
... 1) Describe the structures of the heart that are responsible for regulating the movement of blood from one chamber to the next. 2) The pathway by which action potentials from the sinoatrial node travel through the heart is important for the normal function of the heart. Describe the conduction pathw ...
Clinical Profile of Low Risk Chest Pain Patients Presenting to a
... One of the common but challenging clinical problem in Emergency Room (ER) is the patients presenting with chest pain. Majority of these patients do not have a life-threatening condition and are at very low risk for having an MI or major cardiovascular adverse effect. Gastroesophageal reflux, esophag ...
... One of the common but challenging clinical problem in Emergency Room (ER) is the patients presenting with chest pain. Majority of these patients do not have a life-threatening condition and are at very low risk for having an MI or major cardiovascular adverse effect. Gastroesophageal reflux, esophag ...
Psychophysiological concepts of stress induced cardiomyopathy with broken heart syndrome
... in the previous section. However, treatment of simultaneous psychiatric disorders is unequivocally mandatory in order to improve the outcome. No general recipe for each patient can be given, but individual aspects with regard to entity (e. g. broken heart syndrome, postinfarct depression), concomita ...
... in the previous section. However, treatment of simultaneous psychiatric disorders is unequivocally mandatory in order to improve the outcome. No general recipe for each patient can be given, but individual aspects with regard to entity (e. g. broken heart syndrome, postinfarct depression), concomita ...
Surgical Management of Ischaemic Heart Disease
... • Gives of a Posterior Descending artery branch in approx 70% of patients • 20% of patients the PDA comes of the left circumflex and are hence Left dominant • 10% PDA comes off both and are then Codominant. • Supplies 25% - 35% of the left ventricle and the SA node in 60% of cases (otherwise LCx art ...
... • Gives of a Posterior Descending artery branch in approx 70% of patients • 20% of patients the PDA comes of the left circumflex and are hence Left dominant • 10% PDA comes off both and are then Codominant. • Supplies 25% - 35% of the left ventricle and the SA node in 60% of cases (otherwise LCx art ...
1 - JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
... be less when actually measured. For that reason, 70% has been chosen for multiple studies as a cut point for visually identified stenoses. A problem arises, however, when laboratories are more careful and begin to measure stenotic severity and, therefore, may identify flow-limiting lesions that are ...
... be less when actually measured. For that reason, 70% has been chosen for multiple studies as a cut point for visually identified stenoses. A problem arises, however, when laboratories are more careful and begin to measure stenotic severity and, therefore, may identify flow-limiting lesions that are ...
Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Recommendations
... guideline will be accompanied by a rating scale. Level A recommendations are supported by multiple randomized controlled studies, and are considered to be the strongest evidence. Level B recommendations are drawn from either a single randomized control study or nonrandomized trials showing benefit. ...
... guideline will be accompanied by a rating scale. Level A recommendations are supported by multiple randomized controlled studies, and are considered to be the strongest evidence. Level B recommendations are drawn from either a single randomized control study or nonrandomized trials showing benefit. ...
New guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology
... that it covers a more limited age range than QRISK (40–65 vs 35–74 years). More fundamentally, it adds that women, older people and ethnic minorities are still underrepresented in clinical trials. Family history is a valuable risk modifier but the clinical role of genetic markers remains uncertain ...
... that it covers a more limited age range than QRISK (40–65 vs 35–74 years). More fundamentally, it adds that women, older people and ethnic minorities are still underrepresented in clinical trials. Family history is a valuable risk modifier but the clinical role of genetic markers remains uncertain ...
Council on Clinical Cardiology Laennec Clinician/Educator Lecture
... This lecture was established in 1970 by the Laennec Society, a section of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, but was not presented consistently until 1978. The major aim of the Society was to promote the importance of bedside cardiology and the application of clinical research to the bedside. ...
... This lecture was established in 1970 by the Laennec Society, a section of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, but was not presented consistently until 1978. The major aim of the Society was to promote the importance of bedside cardiology and the application of clinical research to the bedside. ...
Dear Doctor
... industrialised countries are decreasing, not increasing 2. What is being suggested as ‘high’ is in fact just normal in many cases. I am also concerned by the fact that most people who have a heart attack have an average cholesterol level, not a high cholesterol level: this has been found during stud ...
... industrialised countries are decreasing, not increasing 2. What is being suggested as ‘high’ is in fact just normal in many cases. I am also concerned by the fact that most people who have a heart attack have an average cholesterol level, not a high cholesterol level: this has been found during stud ...
cabahug - Philippine Heart Association
... A meta-analysis of 29 trials in 28,044 patients showed that the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) warfarin reduces the risk of stroke and allcause mortality2 64% reduction in stroke and 24% reduction in all-cause mortality compared with placebo Aspirin also reduced the risk of stroke, but less effectiv ...
... A meta-analysis of 29 trials in 28,044 patients showed that the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) warfarin reduces the risk of stroke and allcause mortality2 64% reduction in stroke and 24% reduction in all-cause mortality compared with placebo Aspirin also reduced the risk of stroke, but less effectiv ...
Lecture 18. The main methods of invest. cardiovasc.dis
... • Fibrinogen levels increase with age and body mass index, and higher cholesterol levels • Smoking can reversibly elevated fibrinogen levels, and cessation of smoking can lower fibrinogen. • Those who exercise, eat vegetarian diets, and consume alcohol have lower levels. Exercise may also lower fibr ...
... • Fibrinogen levels increase with age and body mass index, and higher cholesterol levels • Smoking can reversibly elevated fibrinogen levels, and cessation of smoking can lower fibrinogen. • Those who exercise, eat vegetarian diets, and consume alcohol have lower levels. Exercise may also lower fibr ...
File
... 7a) Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaques called atheromas under the endothelium in the wall of an artery Initially plaques are formed of fatty materials (consisting mainly of cholesterol), but as years increase, the plaques become enlarged as fibrous material, calcium and mor ...
... 7a) Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaques called atheromas under the endothelium in the wall of an artery Initially plaques are formed of fatty materials (consisting mainly of cholesterol), but as years increase, the plaques become enlarged as fibrous material, calcium and mor ...
Final Report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study
... Methods and Results—Three composite outcomes (COs) combining either cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (CO 1), or the preceding plus major secondary end points (unstable angina, stroke, heart failure, pulmonary or peripheral embolism) (CO 2), or the preceding plus minor events requirin ...
... Methods and Results—Three composite outcomes (COs) combining either cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (CO 1), or the preceding plus major secondary end points (unstable angina, stroke, heart failure, pulmonary or peripheral embolism) (CO 2), or the preceding plus minor events requirin ...
Heart Disease in cats
... Blood tests - to identify if there is an underlying cause of the disease. Blood pressure measurement. Radiography - X-rays of the chest. Electrocardiography (ECG) of the heart - to assess any rhythm abnormalities. ...
... Blood tests - to identify if there is an underlying cause of the disease. Blood pressure measurement. Radiography - X-rays of the chest. Electrocardiography (ECG) of the heart - to assess any rhythm abnormalities. ...
Premature Coronary Heart Disease and Traditional Risk Factors
... CHD with its long asymptomatic latent period provides an opportunity for early effective preventions (25). Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially CHD, is the leading cause of death worldwide; however, the mortality rate can be significantly reduced (more than 50%) with good primary preve ...
... CHD with its long asymptomatic latent period provides an opportunity for early effective preventions (25). Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially CHD, is the leading cause of death worldwide; however, the mortality rate can be significantly reduced (more than 50%) with good primary preve ...
Cardiac Catheterization
... Coronary artery disease and ischemic heart disease are terms that refer to the atherosclerotic narrowing of the arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood. Because this disease is a leading cause of death in the United States, coronary artery disease is perhaps the most important impairment se ...
... Coronary artery disease and ischemic heart disease are terms that refer to the atherosclerotic narrowing of the arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood. Because this disease is a leading cause of death in the United States, coronary artery disease is perhaps the most important impairment se ...
HISTORY TAKING AND EXAMINING THE GERIATRIC PATIENT
... each may be due to a variety of etiologies. Systolic dysfunction — The most common causes are coronary (ischemic) heart disease, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertension, and valvular disease. Diastolic dysfunction — Diastolic dysfunction can be induced by many of the same conditions ...
... each may be due to a variety of etiologies. Systolic dysfunction — The most common causes are coronary (ischemic) heart disease, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertension, and valvular disease. Diastolic dysfunction — Diastolic dysfunction can be induced by many of the same conditions ...
ALLHAT
... • ALLHAT found no difference between the three treatment groups on the primary endpoint of combined fatal coronary heart disease and non-fatal myocardial infarction. ...
... • ALLHAT found no difference between the three treatment groups on the primary endpoint of combined fatal coronary heart disease and non-fatal myocardial infarction. ...
Non-Communicable Diseases
... from NCDs in 2005, half were under age 70 and half were women. Risk factors such as a person's background, lifestyle and environment are known to increase the likelihood of certain NCDs. ...
... from NCDs in 2005, half were under age 70 and half were women. Risk factors such as a person's background, lifestyle and environment are known to increase the likelihood of certain NCDs. ...
Introduction to Ischemic Heart Disease
... The myogenic musculature of the heart is supplied by the coronary arteries and the entire organ is held within the pericardial sac. 1.1. Development and anatomy of the coronary arteries As with any organ, the heart requires its own supply of blood for continued functioning. The supply of blood to th ...
... The myogenic musculature of the heart is supplied by the coronary arteries and the entire organ is held within the pericardial sac. 1.1. Development and anatomy of the coronary arteries As with any organ, the heart requires its own supply of blood for continued functioning. The supply of blood to th ...
Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV) = Cardiac Output
... Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System These things happen when the body has been exercising over a long period (e.g. 6 months). 5. Increased number of Capillaries (around muscles) and more Red Blood Cells: Training leads to the growth of more small blood vessels and red blood c ...
... Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System These things happen when the body has been exercising over a long period (e.g. 6 months). 5. Increased number of Capillaries (around muscles) and more Red Blood Cells: Training leads to the growth of more small blood vessels and red blood c ...
The 5 Fitness Components
... oxygen in short bursts, which causes the depletion of oxygen to occur ...
... oxygen in short bursts, which causes the depletion of oxygen to occur ...
Biology - Edexcel
... answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 1 Read through the following passage on the cardiac cycle, then write on the dotted lines the most appropriate word or words to complete the passage. The cardiac cycle consists of three stages: atrial systole, ventricula ...
... answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 1 Read through the following passage on the cardiac cycle, then write on the dotted lines the most appropriate word or words to complete the passage. The cardiac cycle consists of three stages: atrial systole, ventricula ...
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.