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CARDIOVASCULAR INTERACTIONS: AN INTERACTIVE
CARDIOVASCULAR INTERACTIONS: AN INTERACTIVE

... demonstrates the interactions between the functions of the heart and peripheral circulation. This learning package consists of a Lab Book, a Model, and an Information file. The Lab Book is an interactive tutorial for exploring the relative influences of parameter changes on the cardiovascular system ...
Gender differences in clinical characteristics and outcome of acute
Gender differences in clinical characteristics and outcome of acute

... and outcome of acute heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa has not been described before. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sex differences in acute heart failure in subSaharan Africa using the data from The sub-Saharan Africa Survey of Heart Failure (THESUS-HF). Methods and results 1,006 subj ...
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

... because it’s the first to rise after myocardial damage. If a patient presents with ACS symptoms that started less than three hours earlier, CK-MB and troponin levels may not yet be elevated. In such a case, myoglobin can rule out or lead to an early diagnosis of acute MI and prompt decisive therapy. ...
Pathology Dr. M.M. Lena September 26, 2003 DISEASE OF THE
Pathology Dr. M.M. Lena September 26, 2003 DISEASE OF THE

...  Ischemic Heart Disease o Heart condition due to imbalance between the blood supply and the demand Main Causes: 1. Coronary Artherosclerosis (90%) or equal to 75% obstruction 2. Thrombosis 3. Vasospasm Others: Embolus, Vegetations (Endocarditis) etc. Risk Depends on: 1. Aggravating conditions  As ...
Obstructive Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Obstructive Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

... contractility with flat septal motion, secundum type ASD with bidirectional shunt, large perimembraneous type ventricular septal defect (VSD), and a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), both with right to left shunt. (Figure 3) The spatial relationship and the connection of the great arteries was n ...
Early Target De-Risking Strategies for Oncology Small Molecule Drugs
Early Target De-Risking Strategies for Oncology Small Molecule Drugs

... • Biotherapeutic and oncology programs tend to add JET and NFA to toxicology studies: – Stand alone Safety Pharmacology studies are not required for biotherapeutics/oncology • typically meet CV and CNS regulatory expectations with surface lead ECG and clinical observations, respectively – However, s ...
History of fall
History of fall

... stroke, peripheral neuropathies or hypoglycaemic episodes, for example? ...
1 CVC Advanced Interventional Fellowship Program (Structural
1 CVC Advanced Interventional Fellowship Program (Structural

... The fellow will have specific clinical responsibilities. He/she is given the responsibility for procedure care of acute and chronically ill patients in the catheterization laboratory under the supervision of faculty members in the CVC. The trainee will be involved in all aspects of critical decision ...
211 Heart Failure notes
211 Heart Failure notes

... o Crackles, hypoxia, hypercarbia  ICU: Elevated pulmonary artery pressure and decreased cardiac output measured with catheter o Cardiogenic shock affecting brain, kidneys, GI, and skin. o Increased ADH and aldosterone  Compensation o Same as right side CHF. o Arterial vasoconstriction, also known ...
New insights into ischemic heart disease in women
New insights into ischemic heart disease in women

... Elevated testosterone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There is a strong link between PCOS and diabetes and the metabolic syndrome; however, the link between altered metabolism and increased coronary artery disease is less well defined. Elevated C-reactive protein. As women have higher l ...
Press Release - The Chad Foundation
Press Release - The Chad Foundation

... Young Athletes, and took the lives of young basketball greats, Reggie Lewis and Hank Gathers. A recent survey done by researchers from U.C.L.A. and the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation found more than 800 National Collegiate Athletic Associations have campus screening programs for potential he ...
Clinical Pathway for the Assessment of Breathlessness (Shortness
Clinical Pathway for the Assessment of Breathlessness (Shortness

... is important to distinguish between breathlessness and the usual increased rate of respiration that occurs with exertion such as with exercise and to note that those who develop breathlessness or SOB due to heart failure typically describe their breathing pattern as uncomfortable or unpleasant. Two ...
Which Patients with Coronary Artery Disease are at Greater Risk for
Which Patients with Coronary Artery Disease are at Greater Risk for

... from an abrupt loss of cardiac function Occurs within minutes after symptoms appear ...
Global Health Risks - World Health Organization
Global Health Risks - World Health Organization

... attributed to a small number of risk factors. The 24 risk factors described in this report are responsible for 44% of global deaths and 34% of DALYs; the 10 leading risk factors account for 33% of deaths (see Section 3.2). Understanding the role of these risk factors is key to developing a clear and ...
Natural Medicines for Periodontal Gum Disease
Natural Medicines for Periodontal Gum Disease

... inflammation of the gums can lead to tooth loss, but perhaps more importantly, it is also associated with heart health and even heart attacks. Researchers have found that people with gum disease are TWICE as likely to suffer from coronary artery disease, and there is a correlation to strokes as well ...
AED Safety Tip Flyer Final.pub - PMA
AED Safety Tip Flyer Final.pub - PMA

... deaths (250 000 to 500 000) are sudden and unexpected. Most of these sudden deaths occur outside the hospital and could occur at the workplace. Survival rates have traditionally been poor—only 1% to 5% of these patients are estimated to survive to hospital discharge ...
1. Valve Repair vs Valve Replacement
1. Valve Repair vs Valve Replacement

... degenerative valvular problems are being seen. Reduced operative mortality has allowed these patients to be referred for surgery at earlier stage of the disease. More patients are now favouring the use of bioprosthetic valves because of a better quality of life and the avoidance of complications of ...
The Treadmill Test—Where To Stop and What Does It Mean?*
The Treadmill Test—Where To Stop and What Does It Mean?*

... METS or higher. Even patients with triple-vessel disease, defined angiographically, who achieved 10 METS, had an 86% 4-year survival.14 Because other end points, such as nonfatal cardiac events, were not examined in this study, at this point, one cannot conclusively state that reaching 10 METS signi ...
The Treadmill Test—Where To Stop and What Does It Mean?*
The Treadmill Test—Where To Stop and What Does It Mean?*

... METS or higher. Even patients with triple-vessel disease, defined angiographically, who achieved 10 METS, had an 86% 4-year survival.14 Because other end points, such as nonfatal cardiac events, were not examined in this study, at this point, one cannot conclusively state that reaching 10 METS signi ...
Baseline LDL-C and Lp (a) Elevations Portend a High Risk of
Baseline LDL-C and Lp (a) Elevations Portend a High Risk of

... baseline LDL-C level, participants were divided into LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L and ≥1.8 mmol/L subgroups. Clinical end points including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and coronary revascularization (CR) were compared. Patie ...
Facts About Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Facts About Sudden Cardiac Arrest

... and quickly called “an emergency room in the chest.” It monitored the heart’s electrical conduction system and administered electrical shocks directly to the heart to stop ventricular fibrillation. Today, ICDs do much more and have been proven to be 99 percent effective in treating ventricular arrhy ...
Heart Disease Prediction System Using Data Mining and Hybrid
Heart Disease Prediction System Using Data Mining and Hybrid

... coronary heart disease more than men. Till the year 2010 the population suffering from coronary heart disease in the rural areas of India is more compared to urban population, whereas from the year 2010 onwards it is vice versa. In 2015 there is a drastic variance in the population suffering from CH ...
Ivabradine in Stable Coronary Artery Disease without Clinical Heart
Ivabradine in Stable Coronary Artery Disease without Clinical Heart

... indicating greater limitations on physical activity owing to angina; evidence of myocardial ische­ mia within the previous year; or hospital discharge after a major coronary event within the previous year) or two minor adverse prognostic factors (a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <40 mg p ...
The Heart
The Heart

... produced a drop in blood pressure, that reduced the amount of stretch in the carotid sinus. e) What happens if there is a drop in blood pressure in the ...
Erectile Dysfunction: A Marker of Early Coronary Heart Disease
Erectile Dysfunction: A Marker of Early Coronary Heart Disease

... Furthermore, several drugs used in patients with CHD can induce this adverse effect (e.g. some antihypertensive drugs and possibly lipid lowering agents).45 The endothelium and erectile function The association between ED and CHD raises the question as to whether vasculogenic ED is yet another manif ...
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Cardiovascular disease



Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. This is true in all areas of the world except Africa. Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females. Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world. Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women.
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