Sample Test 22
... 1. Type II supernovae, which result from massive stars, reveal prominent hydrogen lines. They are powered by gravitational energy that is released as gravity continuously collapses the core. 2. The process by which Type II supernovae occur is not well known but is thought to begin with the conversio ...
... 1. Type II supernovae, which result from massive stars, reveal prominent hydrogen lines. They are powered by gravitational energy that is released as gravity continuously collapses the core. 2. The process by which Type II supernovae occur is not well known but is thought to begin with the conversio ...
Introduction to PHY008: Atomic and Nuclear Physics
... Around the same time J.J. Thomson was investigating a long-standing puzzle known as "cathode rays." If the low pressure gas in the glass tube was replaced by a total vacuum then the glow disappeared. However, where the positive high voltage electrode passed through the glass a fluorescent glow was s ...
... Around the same time J.J. Thomson was investigating a long-standing puzzle known as "cathode rays." If the low pressure gas in the glass tube was replaced by a total vacuum then the glow disappeared. However, where the positive high voltage electrode passed through the glass a fluorescent glow was s ...
Lecture 24. Degenerate Fermi Gas (Ch. 7)
... The electrons are prevented from escaping from the metal by the net Coulomb attraction to the positive ions; the energy required for an electron to escape (the work function) is typically a few eV. The model assumes that the electrons for an ideal Fermi gas confined within impenetrable walls. Why ca ...
... The electrons are prevented from escaping from the metal by the net Coulomb attraction to the positive ions; the energy required for an electron to escape (the work function) is typically a few eV. The model assumes that the electrons for an ideal Fermi gas confined within impenetrable walls. Why ca ...
Beta Decay
... by emitting a gamma ray 90% of the time. The gamma rays are unaffected by the magnetic field and have to be blocked by lead bricks inside the spectrometer. The remaining 10% of the time, the nucleus decays (with the half life of about 2 minutes) by emitting an internal conversion electron. Thus, the ...
... by emitting a gamma ray 90% of the time. The gamma rays are unaffected by the magnetic field and have to be blocked by lead bricks inside the spectrometer. The remaining 10% of the time, the nucleus decays (with the half life of about 2 minutes) by emitting an internal conversion electron. Thus, the ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... parameter to look for the extent of rigidity is the (E4/E2) energy ratio. As the SD bands are high-spin bands and band-heads are rarely known, instead of using the energy ratio, we use γ -ray energy ratios. The values for γ energy are taken from the latest collection of SD bands in nuclear data shee ...
... parameter to look for the extent of rigidity is the (E4/E2) energy ratio. As the SD bands are high-spin bands and band-heads are rarely known, instead of using the energy ratio, we use γ -ray energy ratios. The values for γ energy are taken from the latest collection of SD bands in nuclear data shee ...
2gravity a new concept
... Atomic elementary structures are most complex, their evolutionary development from within both extremes of temperatures and of gravitational confinement result in clearly defined structures of Protons and Neutrons whose ultimate complexity has yet to be realized by Man. The order by which atoms are ...
... Atomic elementary structures are most complex, their evolutionary development from within both extremes of temperatures and of gravitational confinement result in clearly defined structures of Protons and Neutrons whose ultimate complexity has yet to be realized by Man. The order by which atoms are ...
Gamma Ray Bursts
... neutron stars in a binary. Also, some think, they could be from the same process as the long GRB but were not directly along the axis of the emission, i.e. not seeing it face on. ...
... neutron stars in a binary. Also, some think, they could be from the same process as the long GRB but were not directly along the axis of the emission, i.e. not seeing it face on. ...
a black hole at the heart of the atom!
... 1,000.001 grammes (as long as the water is pure, which is of course quite far from being the case). If I plunge the lot into the pool, I will read one milligramme (due to Archimedes’ principle). That is, a difference of one million between the two measurements, and both of them are right! So I under ...
... 1,000.001 grammes (as long as the water is pure, which is of course quite far from being the case). If I plunge the lot into the pool, I will read one milligramme (due to Archimedes’ principle). That is, a difference of one million between the two measurements, and both of them are right! So I under ...
nuclear reactions in stars: theoretical and experimental
... models are being used in the literature. Owing to the low energies relevant in nuclear astrophysics, and to the low level densities, the optical model (also referred to as the "potential model") can be used for capture reactions [?]. Heavy-ion fusion reactions are also described by this model, even ...
... models are being used in the literature. Owing to the low energies relevant in nuclear astrophysics, and to the low level densities, the optical model (also referred to as the "potential model") can be used for capture reactions [?]. Heavy-ion fusion reactions are also described by this model, even ...
(B): Physics in Context
... Iodine-131 is produced by bombarding tellurium with neutrons in a nuclear reactor and is then transported to the hospital. Iodine-123 is produced using a cyclotron that is on-site. Iodine-123 decays by a process called electron capture in which the nucleus first captures an electron from an electron ...
... Iodine-131 is produced by bombarding tellurium with neutrons in a nuclear reactor and is then transported to the hospital. Iodine-123 is produced using a cyclotron that is on-site. Iodine-123 decays by a process called electron capture in which the nucleus first captures an electron from an electron ...
Chapter 11: Heat 1. The energy that flows from a high temperature
... (Magnets, Magnetic Force, Electric Lines of force, Magnetic lines of force) 15. The magnetic lines of force pass through __________, as compared to air. (Water, Iron, Rubber, None of the above) 16. A substance which behaves like a magnet in the presence of a strong field is called __________. (Magne ...
... (Magnets, Magnetic Force, Electric Lines of force, Magnetic lines of force) 15. The magnetic lines of force pass through __________, as compared to air. (Water, Iron, Rubber, None of the above) 16. A substance which behaves like a magnet in the presence of a strong field is called __________. (Magne ...
Charged-Particle Probing of X-Ray-Driven Inertial-Fusion Implosions PSFC/JA-10-29
... using monoenergetic proton radiography (10) and charged-particle spectroscopy (11) to study the x-ray drive and capsule implosions in high-Z enclosures, i.e. gold (Au) hohlraums. These unique measurements have allowed a number of important phenomena to be observed for the first time. In particular, ...
... using monoenergetic proton radiography (10) and charged-particle spectroscopy (11) to study the x-ray drive and capsule implosions in high-Z enclosures, i.e. gold (Au) hohlraums. These unique measurements have allowed a number of important phenomena to be observed for the first time. In particular, ...
Nuclear drip line
In nuclear physics, the boundaries for nuclear particle-stability are called drip lines. Atomic nuclei contain both protons and neutrons—the number of protons defines the identity of that element (ie, carbon always has 6 protons), but the number of neutrons within that element may vary (carbon-12 and its isotope carbon-13, for example). The number of isotopes each element may have is visually represented by plotting boxes, each of which represents a unique nuclear species, on a graph with the number of neutrons increasing on the abscissa (X axis) and number of protons increasing along the ordinate (Y axis). The resulting chart is commonly referred to as the table of nuclides, and is to nuclear physics what the periodic table of the elements is to chemistry.An arbitrary combination of protons and neutrons does not necessarily yield a stable nucleus. One can think of moving up and/or to the right across the nuclear chart by adding one type of nucleon (i.e. a proton or neutron, both called nucleons) to a given nucleus. However, adding nucleons one at a time to a given nucleus will eventually lead to a newly formed nucleus that immediately decays by emitting a proton (or neutron). Colloquially speaking, the nucleon has 'leaked' or 'dripped' out of the nucleus, hence giving rise to the term ""drip line"". Drip lines are defined for protons, neutrons, and alpha particles, and these all play important roles in nuclear physics. The nucleon drip lines are at the extreme of the proton-to-neutron ratio: at p:n ratios at or beyond the driplines, no stable nuclei can exist. The location of the neutron drip line is not well known for most of the nuclear chart, whereas the proton and alpha driplines have been measured for a wide range of elements. The nucleons drip out of such unstable nuclei for the same reason that water drips from a leaking faucet: in the water case, there is a lower potential available that is great enough to overcome surface tension and so produces a droplet; in the case of nuclei, the emission of a particle from a nucleus, against the strong nuclear force, leaves the total potential of the nucleus and the emitted particle in a lower state. Because nucleons are quantized, only integer values are plotted on the table of isotopes; this indicates that the drip line is not linear but instead looks like a step function up close.