Eruption of Krakatoa Volcano (1883)
... was the most devastating volcanic event in recorded history. Ash was blown 25 kilometres into the atmosphere. A lot of ash fell back to earth. By late afternoon 26th August 1883, it was pitch black in the surrounding area. Earthquakes were also felt. Pyro-plastic magma (lava) flowed into the sea. 11 ...
... was the most devastating volcanic event in recorded history. Ash was blown 25 kilometres into the atmosphere. A lot of ash fell back to earth. By late afternoon 26th August 1883, it was pitch black in the surrounding area. Earthquakes were also felt. Pyro-plastic magma (lava) flowed into the sea. 11 ...
Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes
... locations in the Central Andes between 228 and 248 S are also shown in Fig. 2c. Most of the events are located within the oceanic crust which is still not completely eclogitized, but the lower part of the middle section of the cluster extends below the oceanic crust by some 10±20 km. This observatio ...
... locations in the Central Andes between 228 and 248 S are also shown in Fig. 2c. Most of the events are located within the oceanic crust which is still not completely eclogitized, but the lower part of the middle section of the cluster extends below the oceanic crust by some 10±20 km. This observatio ...
Plate Tectonics Rock Powerpoint
... • Hot spots – isolated, roughly circular plumes of melted rock (magma) that rise from deep in the mantle (Mantle Plume) to the earth's surface • Volcano – a vent (opening) in the Earth’s surface through which magma erupts • Composite volcano – a steep-sided volcano built by lava flows and deposits • ...
... • Hot spots – isolated, roughly circular plumes of melted rock (magma) that rise from deep in the mantle (Mantle Plume) to the earth's surface • Volcano – a vent (opening) in the Earth’s surface through which magma erupts • Composite volcano – a steep-sided volcano built by lava flows and deposits • ...
6.E.2.2 Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes
... once in vastly di erent positions than they are today? ...
... once in vastly di erent positions than they are today? ...
Chapter 17: Plate Tectonics
... landmass. He called this supercontinent Pangaea, a Greek word that means “all the earth.” Wegener proposed that Pangaea began to break apart about 200 million years ago. Since that time, he reasoned, the continents had continued to slowly move to their present positions, as shown in Figure 17-1. Weg ...
... landmass. He called this supercontinent Pangaea, a Greek word that means “all the earth.” Wegener proposed that Pangaea began to break apart about 200 million years ago. Since that time, he reasoned, the continents had continued to slowly move to their present positions, as shown in Figure 17-1. Weg ...
How and Where Do Earthquakes Occur? Causes of Earthquakes
... • The place underground where the break first occurs is the focus of the earthquake. • The epicenter is the location at Earth’s surface just above the focus. • When the vibrations reach the surface , we feel them as an earthquake, first at the epicenter and then at greater distances from the epicent ...
... • The place underground where the break first occurs is the focus of the earthquake. • The epicenter is the location at Earth’s surface just above the focus. • When the vibrations reach the surface , we feel them as an earthquake, first at the epicenter and then at greater distances from the epicent ...
Divergent boundaries
... developed for military and aerospace research, notably radio astronomy and satellite tracking. Among the three techniques, to date the GPS has been the most useful for studying the Earth's crustal movements. Twenty-one satellites are currently in orbit 20,000 km above the Earth as part of the NavSta ...
... developed for military and aerospace research, notably radio astronomy and satellite tracking. Among the three techniques, to date the GPS has been the most useful for studying the Earth's crustal movements. Twenty-one satellites are currently in orbit 20,000 km above the Earth as part of the NavSta ...
What is an Earthquake
... two plates meet, called faults. They are mostly generated deep within the earth's crust, when the pressure between two plates is too great for them to be held in place. The underground rocks then snap, sending shock waves out in all directions. These are called seismic waves. The point at which an e ...
... two plates meet, called faults. They are mostly generated deep within the earth's crust, when the pressure between two plates is too great for them to be held in place. The underground rocks then snap, sending shock waves out in all directions. These are called seismic waves. The point at which an e ...
Research Pack
... In 1912 Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) noticed the same thing and proposed that the continents were once compressed into a single protocontinent which he called Pangaea (meaning "all lands"), and over time they have drifted apart into their current distribution. He believed that Pangaea was intact unti ...
... In 1912 Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) noticed the same thing and proposed that the continents were once compressed into a single protocontinent which he called Pangaea (meaning "all lands"), and over time they have drifted apart into their current distribution. He believed that Pangaea was intact unti ...
I. Evolution - This Old Earth
... 3. Be able to describe the composition of Earth’s first, true, atmosphere and how it evolved to our current atmosphere 4. Be able to describe the evidence behind our understanding of Earth’s early atmosphere (4) Hydrosphere 1. Be able to describe the origin of Earth’s hydrosphere 2. be able to descr ...
... 3. Be able to describe the composition of Earth’s first, true, atmosphere and how it evolved to our current atmosphere 4. Be able to describe the evidence behind our understanding of Earth’s early atmosphere (4) Hydrosphere 1. Be able to describe the origin of Earth’s hydrosphere 2. be able to descr ...
Crustal Features
... What makes up the crust? • Oceanic crust – Rocks that make up the oceanic crust are relatively young compared to the rocks that make up the continental crust. It is mostly basalt rock. • Continental crust – Continental crust is older than oceanic crust. It has two layers, mostly igneous rock. The ...
... What makes up the crust? • Oceanic crust – Rocks that make up the oceanic crust are relatively young compared to the rocks that make up the continental crust. It is mostly basalt rock. • Continental crust – Continental crust is older than oceanic crust. It has two layers, mostly igneous rock. The ...
Earth Science Learning Targets
... •Tell how energy flows from sun to Earth through space. EEN 1.1.4 I can... •Describe how Earth’s tilt affect seasons and energy received. •Describe how/why water and land areas heat differently. •Describe how solar energy is used by plants. •Describe how the Earth’s magnetic field protects the plane ...
... •Tell how energy flows from sun to Earth through space. EEN 1.1.4 I can... •Describe how Earth’s tilt affect seasons and energy received. •Describe how/why water and land areas heat differently. •Describe how solar energy is used by plants. •Describe how the Earth’s magnetic field protects the plane ...
Plate Tectonics
... A. Theory of continental drift is the idea that the continents have moved horizontally to their current locations. 1. This theory was developed by Alfred Wegener. 2. Wegener believed that all of the continents were connected as one large land mass (he called Pangea) about 200 million years ago. Alfr ...
... A. Theory of continental drift is the idea that the continents have moved horizontally to their current locations. 1. This theory was developed by Alfred Wegener. 2. Wegener believed that all of the continents were connected as one large land mass (he called Pangea) about 200 million years ago. Alfr ...
Chapter 8 Earthquakes Vibrations of the Earth caused by the
... Of the hundreds of thousands of earthquakes that occur every year, only one or two are likely to cause severe results. Destructive effects depend on earthquake magnitude, distance from epicenter, time of day, geology of area, type of building construction, and duration of shaking. The most destructi ...
... Of the hundreds of thousands of earthquakes that occur every year, only one or two are likely to cause severe results. Destructive effects depend on earthquake magnitude, distance from epicenter, time of day, geology of area, type of building construction, and duration of shaking. The most destructi ...
Ocean Basins - University of Washington
... Mid-Ocean Ridges (underwater mountain ranges) water depth – 2000-4000 m can be less – where islands occur (e.g., Iceland) volcanic eruptions create new ocean crust hot basalt, thermal expansion creates elevation moves away from ridge axis in both directions Abyssal basins water depth – 4000-6000 m ( ...
... Mid-Ocean Ridges (underwater mountain ranges) water depth – 2000-4000 m can be less – where islands occur (e.g., Iceland) volcanic eruptions create new ocean crust hot basalt, thermal expansion creates elevation moves away from ridge axis in both directions Abyssal basins water depth – 4000-6000 m ( ...
The crust - Royal Society of New Zealand
... The Crust and Plates How does the crust move? What pushes the plates along? As early as the 1600’s scientists noted that the shapes of continents on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean (South America and Africa) seemed to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. In the following centuries scien ...
... The Crust and Plates How does the crust move? What pushes the plates along? As early as the 1600’s scientists noted that the shapes of continents on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean (South America and Africa) seemed to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. In the following centuries scien ...
CS_Ch15_PlateTechtonics
... magnetic field changes.When new ocean crust forms at the center of the spreading , it obtains a new kind of magnetic polarity. Over time, a series of magnetic “stripes” are formed. Since the theory of sea-floor spreading was proposed, core samples of volcanic rock taken from the ocean floor have sho ...
... magnetic field changes.When new ocean crust forms at the center of the spreading , it obtains a new kind of magnetic polarity. Over time, a series of magnetic “stripes” are formed. Since the theory of sea-floor spreading was proposed, core samples of volcanic rock taken from the ocean floor have sho ...
pdf version - 4 MB
... - Earth’s rigid lithosphere, composed of Earth’s crust and the upper most mantle, is broken into many large pieces called tectonic plates. - Over long periods of time, these plates are moved (only very small amounts annually) around the surface of the planet. - This motion is driven by density diffe ...
... - Earth’s rigid lithosphere, composed of Earth’s crust and the upper most mantle, is broken into many large pieces called tectonic plates. - Over long periods of time, these plates are moved (only very small amounts annually) around the surface of the planet. - This motion is driven by density diffe ...
doc version - 4.3MB
... - Earth’s rigid lithosphere, composed of Earth’s crust and the upper most mantle, is broken into many large pieces called tectonic plates. - Over long periods of time, these plates are moved (only very small amounts annually) around the surface of the planet. - This motion is driven by density diffe ...
... - Earth’s rigid lithosphere, composed of Earth’s crust and the upper most mantle, is broken into many large pieces called tectonic plates. - Over long periods of time, these plates are moved (only very small amounts annually) around the surface of the planet. - This motion is driven by density diffe ...
Chapter 5 Summary
... earthquakes have occurred. During the late 1800s, scientists developed seismographs that were much more sensitive and accurate than any earlier devices. A simple seismograph can consist of a heavy weight attached to a frame by a spring or wire. A pen connected to the weight rests its point on a drum ...
... earthquakes have occurred. During the late 1800s, scientists developed seismographs that were much more sensitive and accurate than any earlier devices. A simple seismograph can consist of a heavy weight attached to a frame by a spring or wire. A pen connected to the weight rests its point on a drum ...
Nature
Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe. ""Nature"" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena.The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or ""essential qualities, innate disposition"", and in ancient times, literally meant ""birth"". Natura is a Latin translation of the Greek word physis (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage continued during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries.Within the various uses of the word today, ""nature"" often refers to geology and wildlife. Nature can refer to the general realm of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects – the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth. It is often taken to mean the ""natural environment"" or wilderness–wild animals, rocks, forest, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. For example, manufactured objects and human interaction generally are not considered part of nature, unless qualified as, for example, ""human nature"" or ""the whole of nature"". This more traditional concept of natural things which can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the artificial being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human consciousness or a human mind. Depending on the particular context, the term ""natural"" might also be distinguished from the unnatural or the supernatural.