No Slide Title
... Darwin took Lyell’s theory one step further and hypothesized that as the land forms change, animals would need to change to adapt to the new habitat. When Darwin returned to the ‘Beagle’ he catalogued and sorted his collected ...
... Darwin took Lyell’s theory one step further and hypothesized that as the land forms change, animals would need to change to adapt to the new habitat. When Darwin returned to the ‘Beagle’ he catalogued and sorted his collected ...
Meiosis and Genetic Variation
... with one another: – Some of the chromatids are very clos to each other. – One chromatid from each chromosome breaks off and reattaches to the other chromosome (there is a swap of DNA between chromatids). – Crossing over (the swap of DNA) can occur multiple times within the same pair of homologous ...
... with one another: – Some of the chromatids are very clos to each other. – One chromatid from each chromosome breaks off and reattaches to the other chromosome (there is a swap of DNA between chromatids). – Crossing over (the swap of DNA) can occur multiple times within the same pair of homologous ...
Name
... 2. What two formulas are needed to solve Hardy-Weinberg related problems? What do p and q represent? (HINT: You may wish to look at the yellow-colored box at the bottom of p. 274!) ...
... 2. What two formulas are needed to solve Hardy-Weinberg related problems? What do p and q represent? (HINT: You may wish to look at the yellow-colored box at the bottom of p. 274!) ...
Biofundamentals - Ancestors, analogies and homologies
... The anatomical similarities between living, and later fossil, organisms, makes sense if they are related. Such an ordering of organisms is difficult to understand if each organism originated independently - if each were created de novo. The concept of a species is complex, in large part because popu ...
... The anatomical similarities between living, and later fossil, organisms, makes sense if they are related. Such an ordering of organisms is difficult to understand if each organism originated independently - if each were created de novo. The concept of a species is complex, in large part because popu ...
Fish Taxonomy and Systematics_Lecture 4
... Speciation Q. How do populations become distinct species? Speciation - process by which a new species originates. Involves the creation of a population of organisms that are novel enough to be classified in their own group. The process whereby gene flow is reduced sufficiently between sister p ...
... Speciation Q. How do populations become distinct species? Speciation - process by which a new species originates. Involves the creation of a population of organisms that are novel enough to be classified in their own group. The process whereby gene flow is reduced sufficiently between sister p ...
Evolution, Change and Diversity
... What does it mean to be “alive”? Characteristics of a living organism: Made of: ...
... What does it mean to be “alive”? Characteristics of a living organism: Made of: ...
Ch23_Population Genetics
... in all individuals of the population If only one allele exists for a particular locus in a population that allele is fixed in the gene pool Each allele has a frequency (proportion) in the population p and q allele frequency representations Sum of all allele frequencies must equal 1 (100% ...
... in all individuals of the population If only one allele exists for a particular locus in a population that allele is fixed in the gene pool Each allele has a frequency (proportion) in the population p and q allele frequency representations Sum of all allele frequencies must equal 1 (100% ...
Name Date ______ Mrs. Geithner-Marron (Bio 200) Period ______
... 27. Which gas was not part of Earth’s early atmosphere? 28. The first cells were _________trophic. 29. Define evolution. ...
... 27. Which gas was not part of Earth’s early atmosphere? 28. The first cells were _________trophic. 29. Define evolution. ...
L9 genetic engineering
... • Cloning of animals that useful characteristics e.g. fast race horses/ cows that produce large amounts of milk • Cloning of animals that have been genetically engineered to produce useful proteins in their ...
... • Cloning of animals that useful characteristics e.g. fast race horses/ cows that produce large amounts of milk • Cloning of animals that have been genetically engineered to produce useful proteins in their ...
File
... Galapagos Islands, but nowhere else. • He reasoned that each new population changed slightly, or evolved, to fit its unique environment on the island. ...
... Galapagos Islands, but nowhere else. • He reasoned that each new population changed slightly, or evolved, to fit its unique environment on the island. ...
Exam 1 Review - Iowa State University
... 41. Apical meristem can differentiate into different types of cells. Where are these located? a. Inside the stem b. On the surface of the leaves c. At the tips of the roots and shoots d. Inside the endosperm 42. Which one of these is not part of the alteration of generations cycle? a. Haploid zygote ...
... 41. Apical meristem can differentiate into different types of cells. Where are these located? a. Inside the stem b. On the surface of the leaves c. At the tips of the roots and shoots d. Inside the endosperm 42. Which one of these is not part of the alteration of generations cycle? a. Haploid zygote ...
No Slide Title
... • codes for a specific variation of the gene/feature • locus • position of a gene on the chromosome • genome • set of all genes that define a species • the genome of a specific individual is called genotype • the genome of a living organism is composed of several chromosomes • population • set of co ...
... • codes for a specific variation of the gene/feature • locus • position of a gene on the chromosome • genome • set of all genes that define a species • the genome of a specific individual is called genotype • the genome of a living organism is composed of several chromosomes • population • set of co ...
reading guide
... This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Galápagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in population ...
... This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Galápagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in population ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
... • From an evolutionary view point, scientists have come to the consensus that for a trait to be visible in a population, its benefit (fitness increase) must outweigh any detriment (risk) to its fitness • The benefit must also have an ultimate causation for how it increases fitness… • A peacock is cl ...
... • From an evolutionary view point, scientists have come to the consensus that for a trait to be visible in a population, its benefit (fitness increase) must outweigh any detriment (risk) to its fitness • The benefit must also have an ultimate causation for how it increases fitness… • A peacock is cl ...
Longer powerpoint
... Another example of microhabitat differences leading to sympatric speciation The maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella has a stable parasitic relationship with the American hawthorn tree, in which the fly lays its eggs. In the seventeenth century apple trees were introduced to North America by the ear ...
... Another example of microhabitat differences leading to sympatric speciation The maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella has a stable parasitic relationship with the American hawthorn tree, in which the fly lays its eggs. In the seventeenth century apple trees were introduced to North America by the ear ...
Key for Homework due on February 10 (Skeletons Reveal Human
... 3. Are humans more closely related to gorillas or orangutans? State the evidence. Our genes (and our genome as a whole) are more similar to those of gorillas, indicating that we are more closely related to gorillas. 4. Charles Darwin proposed that modern humans directly descended from chimpanzees. S ...
... 3. Are humans more closely related to gorillas or orangutans? State the evidence. Our genes (and our genome as a whole) are more similar to those of gorillas, indicating that we are more closely related to gorillas. 4. Charles Darwin proposed that modern humans directly descended from chimpanzees. S ...
Chapter 15 How Organisms Evolve
... • Gene flow is the movement of alleles from one population to another – Immigration adds alleles to a population – Emigration removes alleles from a population ...
... • Gene flow is the movement of alleles from one population to another – Immigration adds alleles to a population – Emigration removes alleles from a population ...
Lecture 6 Phylogenetic Inference
... Phylogenetic reconstructions Cladistics 1. tree should reflect the true phylogeny. 2. phylogeny should be based on characters that are shared (by more than one taxon) and derived (from some known ancestral state). 3. the ancestral state of characters are inferred from an outgroup that roots the tr ...
... Phylogenetic reconstructions Cladistics 1. tree should reflect the true phylogeny. 2. phylogeny should be based on characters that are shared (by more than one taxon) and derived (from some known ancestral state). 3. the ancestral state of characters are inferred from an outgroup that roots the tr ...
FOLS Chapter 5
... Galapagos Islands, but nowhere else. • He reasoned that each new population changed slightly, or evolved, to fit its unique environment on the island. ...
... Galapagos Islands, but nowhere else. • He reasoned that each new population changed slightly, or evolved, to fit its unique environment on the island. ...
Name
... 16. Scientists have found that vertebrate embryos exhibit ____________________ __________________ during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the _____________ form. Comparative biochemistry ...
... 16. Scientists have found that vertebrate embryos exhibit ____________________ __________________ during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the _____________ form. Comparative biochemistry ...
Long-term environmental changes
... Structural Adaptations are inherited physical features of and organism. (Ex. White fur on a polar bear Behavioral Adaptations are things organisms do to survive. (Ex. Migration & hibernation) Biodiversity-The number of different species of plants and animals in an area Changes in environmental condi ...
... Structural Adaptations are inherited physical features of and organism. (Ex. White fur on a polar bear Behavioral Adaptations are things organisms do to survive. (Ex. Migration & hibernation) Biodiversity-The number of different species of plants and animals in an area Changes in environmental condi ...
Evolution of sex
... The relative numbers of males and females available to breed at a given moment In the majority of cases, female biological investment in reproduction is greater than that of males; the OSR is male-skewed ...
... The relative numbers of males and females available to breed at a given moment In the majority of cases, female biological investment in reproduction is greater than that of males; the OSR is male-skewed ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.