Combining curated homology and syntenic context reveals gene
... 19.6% of the genes in S. cerevisiae (1102 of 5516) are members of an ohnolog pair, and we estimate that 11.1% of genes in the immediate pre-WGD genome were retained in duplicate (calculated as 551/[5516 ⳮ 551]). The number of ohnologs retained in duplicate in S. castellii is a little higher at 599 ( ...
... 19.6% of the genes in S. cerevisiae (1102 of 5516) are members of an ohnolog pair, and we estimate that 11.1% of genes in the immediate pre-WGD genome were retained in duplicate (calculated as 551/[5516 ⳮ 551]). The number of ohnologs retained in duplicate in S. castellii is a little higher at 599 ( ...
Flight and Reproduction of Velvetbean Caterpillar Moths in
... and successfully reproduce are intricate and amazingly complex when closely examined. The mechanisms of evolution are by no means thoroughly understood even today. For example, are changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior which can be termed "adaptive" always gradual ones? Or can such alterat ...
... and successfully reproduce are intricate and amazingly complex when closely examined. The mechanisms of evolution are by no means thoroughly understood even today. For example, are changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior which can be termed "adaptive" always gradual ones? Or can such alterat ...
Patalano et al 2015 PNAS - Cambridge Repository
... involved in de novo methylation (Fig. S4a, SIV.5) (25, 26). In P. canadensis we also found a ...
... involved in de novo methylation (Fig. S4a, SIV.5) (25, 26). In P. canadensis we also found a ...
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Problems 1. The frequency of two
... 2. An allele W, for white wool, is dominant over allele w, for black wool. In a sample of 900 sheep, 891 are white and 9 are black. Calculate the allelic frequencies within this population, assuming that the population is in H-W equilibrium. 3. In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, ...
... 2. An allele W, for white wool, is dominant over allele w, for black wool. In a sample of 900 sheep, 891 are white and 9 are black. Calculate the allelic frequencies within this population, assuming that the population is in H-W equilibrium. 3. In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, ...
generate and test, gradient descent, and simulated
... well understood, but one important type of space for which it works is a space that is independently a good domain for hill climbing in each dimension. Another attractive property of simulated evolution is that it can be implemented very naturally on a massively parallel computer. During the selecti ...
... well understood, but one important type of space for which it works is a space that is independently a good domain for hill climbing in each dimension. Another attractive property of simulated evolution is that it can be implemented very naturally on a massively parallel computer. During the selecti ...
Chapter 33 Invertebrates
... males that survive just long enough to fertilize eggs. The zygote forms a resistant stage that can withstand environmental extremes until conditions improve. The zygote then begins a new female generation that reproduces by parthenogenesis until conditions become unfavorable again. It is puzzl ...
... males that survive just long enough to fertilize eggs. The zygote forms a resistant stage that can withstand environmental extremes until conditions improve. The zygote then begins a new female generation that reproduces by parthenogenesis until conditions become unfavorable again. It is puzzl ...
An Overview of methods maintaining Diversity in Genetic Algorithms
... One simplest way to enforce diversity within the population is not to allow genotype duplicates. It prevents identical copies from entering the population as a natural way of ensuring diversity. One another restrictive mechanism is to avoid a fitness duplicate that is multiple individuals with the s ...
... One simplest way to enforce diversity within the population is not to allow genotype duplicates. It prevents identical copies from entering the population as a natural way of ensuring diversity. One another restrictive mechanism is to avoid a fitness duplicate that is multiple individuals with the s ...
Word file is HERE - (canvas.brown.edu).
... loss (p = 0.0). Now quantify this by running 20 simulations at 3 different population sizes and count the number of events among the 6 loci. For each population size, click Iterate 20 times and record each outcome: Population size ...
... loss (p = 0.0). Now quantify this by running 20 simulations at 3 different population sizes and count the number of events among the 6 loci. For each population size, click Iterate 20 times and record each outcome: Population size ...
SI - Evolocus LLC
... implied that if some other regularity would be found, it would be classified as “minor” from the beginning and until the end. In real practice, if we see that some character was absent in both parents, but it has appeared in one descendant, it means that this character is a recessive trait and it wa ...
... implied that if some other regularity would be found, it would be classified as “minor” from the beginning and until the end. In real practice, if we see that some character was absent in both parents, but it has appeared in one descendant, it means that this character is a recessive trait and it wa ...
Darwin`s Influences Natural Selection Evidence Evolution Theory
... What is the process in nature that results in the most fit organisms producing more offspring and dominating the gene pool of the next generation? ...
... What is the process in nature that results in the most fit organisms producing more offspring and dominating the gene pool of the next generation? ...
PEDIGREE CHARTS
... A genetic counselor will still use pedigree charts to help determine the distribution of a disease in an affected family ...
... A genetic counselor will still use pedigree charts to help determine the distribution of a disease in an affected family ...
Apr. 7
... O: Organisms are perfectly fit to their environments and their parts (e.g., eyes) are perfect designed for their functions. Turns out there are many imperfections, and a change in environment can easily wipe out a population or species… H1: All was produced by a Designer H2: All are the results of r ...
... O: Organisms are perfectly fit to their environments and their parts (e.g., eyes) are perfect designed for their functions. Turns out there are many imperfections, and a change in environment can easily wipe out a population or species… H1: All was produced by a Designer H2: All are the results of r ...
Genetic Algorithms
... Because up to half of the bits change each time, not just one bit By pure bad luck, maybe none of the first (randomly generated) words have (say) bit 17 set to 1 Then there is no way a 1 could ever occur in this position Another problem is lack of genetic diversity Maybe some of the first genera ...
... Because up to half of the bits change each time, not just one bit By pure bad luck, maybe none of the first (randomly generated) words have (say) bit 17 set to 1 Then there is no way a 1 could ever occur in this position Another problem is lack of genetic diversity Maybe some of the first genera ...
GO enrichment analysis tools
... 5. Does it report which of my gene products has no GO? 6. Does it report both over/under represented GO groups and how does it evaluate this? 7. Does it allow me to add my own GO annotations? 8. Does it represent my results in a way that facilitates discovery? ...
... 5. Does it report which of my gene products has no GO? 6. Does it report both over/under represented GO groups and how does it evaluate this? 7. Does it allow me to add my own GO annotations? 8. Does it represent my results in a way that facilitates discovery? ...
modeling nat selection beaks
... If a mouse's fur color is generally similar to its mother’s color, what color fur would be most common among the pups? A characteristic which is influenced by genes and passed from parents to offspring is called heritable. Over many generations heritable adaptive characteristics become more common i ...
... If a mouse's fur color is generally similar to its mother’s color, what color fur would be most common among the pups? A characteristic which is influenced by genes and passed from parents to offspring is called heritable. Over many generations heritable adaptive characteristics become more common i ...
JEOPARDY!
... b. Animals are classified into categories c. Organisms change as the environment changes in order to survive. d. Embryos of various species look similar. RETURN TO JEOPARDY BOARD ...
... b. Animals are classified into categories c. Organisms change as the environment changes in order to survive. d. Embryos of various species look similar. RETURN TO JEOPARDY BOARD ...
recessive genetic conditions
... Carriers, will on average, pass the undesirable allele to a random half (50 %) of their progeny. When a carrier bull and carrier cow is mated, there is a 25% chance that the resultant calf will inherit two normal alleles, a 50% chance that the mating will result in a carrier (i.e. with just 1 copy o ...
... Carriers, will on average, pass the undesirable allele to a random half (50 %) of their progeny. When a carrier bull and carrier cow is mated, there is a 25% chance that the resultant calf will inherit two normal alleles, a 50% chance that the mating will result in a carrier (i.e. with just 1 copy o ...
A View of Life
... – Two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype. Two distinctly different phenotypes are found in the population. ...
... – Two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype. Two distinctly different phenotypes are found in the population. ...
An evolutionary relationship between genetic variation and
... evolution both with regards to the distribution of phenotype and genotype, we introduce a two-variable distribution Pðx; a; hÞ with h a given environmental condition. Then by changing the environment h (or selection pressure in artificial evolution experiment), the most dominant genotype a and the ph ...
... evolution both with regards to the distribution of phenotype and genotype, we introduce a two-variable distribution Pðx; a; hÞ with h a given environmental condition. Then by changing the environment h (or selection pressure in artificial evolution experiment), the most dominant genotype a and the ph ...
seminal receptacles
... • They are distinguished by their parrot-like zygodactylous feet, their separately mobile and stereoscopic eyes, their very long, highly modified, and rapidly extrudable tongues, their swaying gait, the possession by many of a prehensile tail, crests or horns on their distinctively shaped heads, and ...
... • They are distinguished by their parrot-like zygodactylous feet, their separately mobile and stereoscopic eyes, their very long, highly modified, and rapidly extrudable tongues, their swaying gait, the possession by many of a prehensile tail, crests or horns on their distinctively shaped heads, and ...
Study guides for Second Semester
... 1. Explain the types of evidence that we use to show how evolution occurs. Give an example for each. 2. What was the early atmosphere like? Could life survive on the early earth? What happened to allow the molecules necessary for life to be created in these early conditions (think Miller experiment) ...
... 1. Explain the types of evidence that we use to show how evolution occurs. Give an example for each. 2. What was the early atmosphere like? Could life survive on the early earth? What happened to allow the molecules necessary for life to be created in these early conditions (think Miller experiment) ...
Nature template - PC Word 97 - UBC Zoology
... expression, where the gene is expressed more in one sex than the other15. Genes that have male-biased expression are significantly underrepresented on the X chromosome, while gonad-specific female-biased genes occur on the X chromosome more often than expected15. Our model predicts that the opposite ...
... expression, where the gene is expressed more in one sex than the other15. Genes that have male-biased expression are significantly underrepresented on the X chromosome, while gonad-specific female-biased genes occur on the X chromosome more often than expected15. Our model predicts that the opposite ...
Largest butterfly in Western Hemisphere needs help to
... He may pursue postdoctoral work at the University But the population isn’t large enough to withstand of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica, to help illegal collection or rampant development, he said. develop a captive breeding program for the butterfly. With a 6-inch wingspan, only a few butterflies i ...
... He may pursue postdoctoral work at the University But the population isn’t large enough to withstand of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica, to help illegal collection or rampant development, he said. develop a captive breeding program for the butterfly. With a 6-inch wingspan, only a few butterflies i ...
Expert Statement (Kenneth R. Miller) Contents
... developmental mutations to the process of evolutionary change. There is considerable discussion and debate within the scientific community as to the relative importance of these and other mechanisms, and these conflicts continue to motivate vigorous research and investigation. The emergence of new s ...
... developmental mutations to the process of evolutionary change. There is considerable discussion and debate within the scientific community as to the relative importance of these and other mechanisms, and these conflicts continue to motivate vigorous research and investigation. The emergence of new s ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.