The Evolution of Cultural Evolution
... their behavioral adaptations. While a variety of local genetic adaptations exist within our species, it seems certain that the same basic genetic endowment produces arctic foraging, tropical horticulture, and desert pastoralism—a constellation that represents a greater range of subsistence behavior ...
... their behavioral adaptations. While a variety of local genetic adaptations exist within our species, it seems certain that the same basic genetic endowment produces arctic foraging, tropical horticulture, and desert pastoralism—a constellation that represents a greater range of subsistence behavior ...
3-5 - Wave Foundation
... hollow, light weight bones, that create a lighter body to increase flying ability. Penguins, on the other hand, have heavy, thick bones which are durable enough to withstand propulsion while swimming. Penguins, like other aquatic birds, also have webbed feet for better locomotion in the water. Pengu ...
... hollow, light weight bones, that create a lighter body to increase flying ability. Penguins, on the other hand, have heavy, thick bones which are durable enough to withstand propulsion while swimming. Penguins, like other aquatic birds, also have webbed feet for better locomotion in the water. Pengu ...
homo-economicus The concept of extended identity homo-sapiens
... explain why such elasticity becomes adaptable, since in face of high competitive pressure it can cause huge fitness cost by being too elastic. That is why it can only evolve after the competitive pressure is minimized. Based on Geary (2009) the relevant time period will be 20,000 years; which is not ...
... explain why such elasticity becomes adaptable, since in face of high competitive pressure it can cause huge fitness cost by being too elastic. That is why it can only evolve after the competitive pressure is minimized. Based on Geary (2009) the relevant time period will be 20,000 years; which is not ...
Saving Darwin`s muse: evolutionary genetics for the recovery of the
... coalescent-based model. No methods currently exist that can incorporate historic and current samples in a model with divergent populations. Here, based on the model of Beaumont (2003), we developed a new approach that can, in principle, accommodate any number of populations and branching topologies ...
... coalescent-based model. No methods currently exist that can incorporate historic and current samples in a model with divergent populations. Here, based on the model of Beaumont (2003), we developed a new approach that can, in principle, accommodate any number of populations and branching topologies ...
Genetic and Molecular Diagnostic Testing
... disorders. One potential challenge of genetic panel testing is the identification of genetic variants of unknown significance and mutations for which the clinical management is uncertain and may lead to unnecessary follow-up testing and procedures. GENETIC COUNSELING Due to the complexity of interpr ...
... disorders. One potential challenge of genetic panel testing is the identification of genetic variants of unknown significance and mutations for which the clinical management is uncertain and may lead to unnecessary follow-up testing and procedures. GENETIC COUNSELING Due to the complexity of interpr ...
File
... to their environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals and Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population. The End ...
... to their environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals and Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population. The End ...
File
... to their environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals and Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population. The End ...
... to their environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals and Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population. The End ...
AP Biology - Macomb Intermediate School District
... course, The course text maps out twelve themes of biology, which are aligned with the “eight major themes” of biology according to the AP curriculum. On my list of subtopics, I have listed one or several of the eight themes of biology in italics as I see them relating to that topic. I frequently tel ...
... course, The course text maps out twelve themes of biology, which are aligned with the “eight major themes” of biology according to the AP curriculum. On my list of subtopics, I have listed one or several of the eight themes of biology in italics as I see them relating to that topic. I frequently tel ...
Lecture 2 Mutants
... phenotype can be rescued (complemented) if at least one normal (wild type) copy of the gene is introduced. A normal copy of the gene can be introduced by crossing the mutant to a wild type plant (classical complementation) or introducing a copy by ...
... phenotype can be rescued (complemented) if at least one normal (wild type) copy of the gene is introduced. A normal copy of the gene can be introduced by crossing the mutant to a wild type plant (classical complementation) or introducing a copy by ...
NP-COMPLETE PROBLEMS
... that modifies a given chromosome such that it will not violate constraints. This technique is thus problem dependent. The preserving approach amounts to designing and applying problem-specific operators that do preserve the feasibility of parent chromosomes. It requires the creation of a feasible ...
... that modifies a given chromosome such that it will not violate constraints. This technique is thus problem dependent. The preserving approach amounts to designing and applying problem-specific operators that do preserve the feasibility of parent chromosomes. It requires the creation of a feasible ...
A novel CDKN1C variant uncovered in a patient with Beckwith
... the PCNA-binding domain in CDKN1C, see Figure 2; panel A. The molecular alteration leads to creating a stop codon, and most probably, to the production of a truncated protein that completely lacks the QT box. The clinical presentation of the patient indicates that this mutation resulted in a loss-of ...
... the PCNA-binding domain in CDKN1C, see Figure 2; panel A. The molecular alteration leads to creating a stop codon, and most probably, to the production of a truncated protein that completely lacks the QT box. The clinical presentation of the patient indicates that this mutation resulted in a loss-of ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... different-colored substrates over time. Students collect data, prepare graphs, and answer questions that apply the concepts introduced in the film. Appropriate for middle school life science, high school biology (all levels including AP and IB) Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse P ...
... different-colored substrates over time. Students collect data, prepare graphs, and answer questions that apply the concepts introduced in the film. Appropriate for middle school life science, high school biology (all levels including AP and IB) Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse P ...
Contribution of X chromosomal and autosomal genes to species
... song evolution in the montana phylad species. The direction of dominance in hybrid songs suggests that the songs of the montana phylad species have been affected by directional selection favouring shorter pulses and longer pauses between sound pulses during their evolution. The levels and patterns o ...
... song evolution in the montana phylad species. The direction of dominance in hybrid songs suggests that the songs of the montana phylad species have been affected by directional selection favouring shorter pulses and longer pauses between sound pulses during their evolution. The levels and patterns o ...
Patchy distribution of flexible genetic elements in bacterial
... complicated by the ecological and genetic interactions between different bacterial strains. Population definitions differ, depending on the scale at which a study of interest is conducted. On the ecological scale, a population is defined to be a group of individuals of the same species within the sa ...
... complicated by the ecological and genetic interactions between different bacterial strains. Population definitions differ, depending on the scale at which a study of interest is conducted. On the ecological scale, a population is defined to be a group of individuals of the same species within the sa ...
Convergent evolution of genes controlling mitonuclear
... PR) was marked as ‘foreground’ and all other branches were marked as ‘background’. The program CODEML from the PAML (Yang 1997, 2007) package were called separately for models M2a0 (model = 2, NSsites = 2; fix_omega = 1, omega = 1) and M2a (model = 2, NSsites = 2; fix_omega = 0, omega = 1) as descri ...
... PR) was marked as ‘foreground’ and all other branches were marked as ‘background’. The program CODEML from the PAML (Yang 1997, 2007) package were called separately for models M2a0 (model = 2, NSsites = 2; fix_omega = 1, omega = 1) and M2a (model = 2, NSsites = 2; fix_omega = 0, omega = 1) as descri ...
Mutation
... Experimental test of Lamarck’s “inheritance of acquired traits” Salvador Luria and Max Delbrück (1943) The two possibilities tested by the Luria–Delbrück experiment… (A) If mutations are induced by the media, roughly the same number of mutants are expected to appear on each plate (LAMARCK) (B) If m ...
... Experimental test of Lamarck’s “inheritance of acquired traits” Salvador Luria and Max Delbrück (1943) The two possibilities tested by the Luria–Delbrück experiment… (A) If mutations are induced by the media, roughly the same number of mutants are expected to appear on each plate (LAMARCK) (B) If m ...
Unit 3
... begets like. Only oak trees produce oaks, and only elephants make elephants. Offspring more closely resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same species because parents pass on to their offspring discrete genes that retain their identity generation after generation. 2. Explain what ...
... begets like. Only oak trees produce oaks, and only elephants make elephants. Offspring more closely resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same species because parents pass on to their offspring discrete genes that retain their identity generation after generation. 2. Explain what ...
Supplementary Methods
... produced are markedly different from those exhibited by the data (Fig. 2). For extremely low migration rates, community structure does not equilibrate, even after 1500 turnovers (Supplementary Fig. S3 a, b, c). Therefore, the possibility that distributions of community similarity for these parameter ...
... produced are markedly different from those exhibited by the data (Fig. 2). For extremely low migration rates, community structure does not equilibrate, even after 1500 turnovers (Supplementary Fig. S3 a, b, c). Therefore, the possibility that distributions of community similarity for these parameter ...
presentation source
... • However, it's important to realize that it's phenotypic differences alone that affect reproductive success. • And, if traits are not heritable, there will be what is called PHENOTYPIC SELECTION. • Because natural selection occurs through the differential reproduction of phenotypes, it's possible t ...
... • However, it's important to realize that it's phenotypic differences alone that affect reproductive success. • And, if traits are not heritable, there will be what is called PHENOTYPIC SELECTION. • Because natural selection occurs through the differential reproduction of phenotypes, it's possible t ...
Low diversity in the major histocompatibility complex class II DRB1
... of CPP died in January 2000 (Pérez et al, 2002). Disease epidemics, uncontrolled hunting, overgrazing, and progressive destruction of natural habitats likely played an important role in the marked demographic decline of the SI. Although current estimated population sizes of SI are fairly large in c ...
... of CPP died in January 2000 (Pérez et al, 2002). Disease epidemics, uncontrolled hunting, overgrazing, and progressive destruction of natural habitats likely played an important role in the marked demographic decline of the SI. Although current estimated population sizes of SI are fairly large in c ...
Inheritance
... Assortment leads to many possibilities as far as gamete formation goes. For any genome it can be calculated as 2n, where n=the number of chromosome pairs. ...
... Assortment leads to many possibilities as far as gamete formation goes. For any genome it can be calculated as 2n, where n=the number of chromosome pairs. ...
mutation-selection balance.
... If two phenotypes are determined by single alleles one allele will go to fixation and the other be lost, but which one depends on the starting frequencies. ...
... If two phenotypes are determined by single alleles one allele will go to fixation and the other be lost, but which one depends on the starting frequencies. ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.