sex chromosomes in flowering plants
... forms and their wide range of genome complexity, from the single, circular chromosome of prokaryotes to the 640 chromosomes of the angiosperm species Sedum suaveolens, are made possible partly by sex. Weismann, (1889) proposed that sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity and provides various ...
... forms and their wide range of genome complexity, from the single, circular chromosome of prokaryotes to the 640 chromosomes of the angiosperm species Sedum suaveolens, are made possible partly by sex. Weismann, (1889) proposed that sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity and provides various ...
fulltext
... genealogical and haplotype analysis (microsatellite markers). In families sharing a common haplotype mutation age and associated prevalence was analyzed using ESTIAGE and DMLE computer software. Results We identified p.Y111C (170 mutation-carriers) and p.R518X (101 mutation-carriers) as two major ca ...
... genealogical and haplotype analysis (microsatellite markers). In families sharing a common haplotype mutation age and associated prevalence was analyzed using ESTIAGE and DMLE computer software. Results We identified p.Y111C (170 mutation-carriers) and p.R518X (101 mutation-carriers) as two major ca ...
Evolution of alternative biosynthetic pathways for vitamin C following
... photosynthetic lineages derived by the primary endosymbiosis (of a cyanobacterium). Red or green lines indicate lineages that have become photosynthetic following a secondary endosymbiosis event with either a red or a green alga respectively. It should be noted that the timing and origin of many sec ...
... photosynthetic lineages derived by the primary endosymbiosis (of a cyanobacterium). Red or green lines indicate lineages that have become photosynthetic following a secondary endosymbiosis event with either a red or a green alga respectively. It should be noted that the timing and origin of many sec ...
From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution
... Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins that I have been engaged with fundamental questions in the field of sociobiology and evolutionary biology – sometimes even in dreams. It was immediately clear to me that this provocative book had a bearing on many philosophical topics; but it was not until later that ...
... Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins that I have been engaged with fundamental questions in the field of sociobiology and evolutionary biology – sometimes even in dreams. It was immediately clear to me that this provocative book had a bearing on many philosophical topics; but it was not until later that ...
Molecular Phylogeny of Symbiotic
... beii, this node was not well supported (bootstrap value of 59%). It does appear that the Symbiodinium species and G. beii shared a recent common ancestor, but the identification of “ancestral” lineages within the dinoflagellates has been problematic (McNally et al. 1994). The Symbiodinium clade incl ...
... beii, this node was not well supported (bootstrap value of 59%). It does appear that the Symbiodinium species and G. beii shared a recent common ancestor, but the identification of “ancestral” lineages within the dinoflagellates has been problematic (McNally et al. 1994). The Symbiodinium clade incl ...
Phylogenetic relationship among red jungle fowl
... Bengal, the later is confined to the Northeastern parts of India. Some studies were made to establish phylogenetic relationship between domestic fowl, different red jungle fowl subspecies and other jungle fowls. A strong possibility of a single domestication event being the G.g. gallus, a major or s ...
... Bengal, the later is confined to the Northeastern parts of India. Some studies were made to establish phylogenetic relationship between domestic fowl, different red jungle fowl subspecies and other jungle fowls. A strong possibility of a single domestication event being the G.g. gallus, a major or s ...
Pleiotropic effects of methoprene-tolerant (Met), a gene involved in
... Standard alleles occur in two ‘complementation haplotypes’, i.e., the chromosal stocks into which each of the variable alleles is crossed: a ‘mutant complement’ and a ‘wildtype complement’. Each variable allele is crossed into a stock carrying a null or hypomorphic allele at the test locus (the muta ...
... Standard alleles occur in two ‘complementation haplotypes’, i.e., the chromosal stocks into which each of the variable alleles is crossed: a ‘mutant complement’ and a ‘wildtype complement’. Each variable allele is crossed into a stock carrying a null or hypomorphic allele at the test locus (the muta ...
1091-Lec13(corridorsP)
... roads Models found - cougars will not persist in the small patches - population in large patch will not persist without immigration from Palomar Range Concluded ...
... roads Models found - cougars will not persist in the small patches - population in large patch will not persist without immigration from Palomar Range Concluded ...
Beyond genetic discrimination. Problems and perspectives of a
... The empirical studies on the problem of genetic discrimination have not gone unnoticed. In the scholarly debate and policy discussions in society, much has been made of the danger of a “biological underclass”.5 People who were disadvantaged, pathologised and stigmatised simply owing to their genetic ...
... The empirical studies on the problem of genetic discrimination have not gone unnoticed. In the scholarly debate and policy discussions in society, much has been made of the danger of a “biological underclass”.5 People who were disadvantaged, pathologised and stigmatised simply owing to their genetic ...
TURING MACHINES AND EVOLUTION. A CRITIQUE OF GREGORY
... analogously to the processes of biological evolution, that is a good reason for attributing the feature of being alive to it. Chaitin sums up his investigations with a triumphant cry: I have found an evolving life-form in the Pythagorean world of pure mathematics! (Chaitin 2012, 19) This is the efffe ...
... analogously to the processes of biological evolution, that is a good reason for attributing the feature of being alive to it. Chaitin sums up his investigations with a triumphant cry: I have found an evolving life-form in the Pythagorean world of pure mathematics! (Chaitin 2012, 19) This is the efffe ...
MULTILOCUS MODELS OF SYMPATRIC SPECIATION: BUSH VERSUS RICE VERSUS FELSENSTEIN J D. F
... and Bush 1989). Modifier alleles that cause AM on the basis of the trait will theoretically be favored (Kondrashov 1986; Doebeli 1996; Dieckmann and Doebeli 1999), but the failure of the numerous laboratory tests of indirect selection suggests that such modifiers are uncommon. Therefore, any broadly ...
... and Bush 1989). Modifier alleles that cause AM on the basis of the trait will theoretically be favored (Kondrashov 1986; Doebeli 1996; Dieckmann and Doebeli 1999), but the failure of the numerous laboratory tests of indirect selection suggests that such modifiers are uncommon. Therefore, any broadly ...
Mapping Genes through the Use of Linkage Disequilibrium
... undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid exponential expansion. While this strategy works well for rare diseases in which all disease alleles in the population today are clonal copies of some common ancestral allele, for common disease genes with substantial allelic heterogeneity, this approach is n ...
... undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid exponential expansion. While this strategy works well for rare diseases in which all disease alleles in the population today are clonal copies of some common ancestral allele, for common disease genes with substantial allelic heterogeneity, this approach is n ...
Modifying effects of phenotypic plasticity on interactions among
... being a more effective predator; Pfennig & Murphy, 2002). In addition, omnivory in S. multiplicata was positively associated with the presumed abundance of S. bombifrons in their native ponds, when raised under identical conditions, indicating a genetic component, in addition to the plastic componen ...
... being a more effective predator; Pfennig & Murphy, 2002). In addition, omnivory in S. multiplicata was positively associated with the presumed abundance of S. bombifrons in their native ponds, when raised under identical conditions, indicating a genetic component, in addition to the plastic componen ...
Noses in dysmorphology - Romanian Journal of Rhinology
... nose between the orbits)3. There is a wide range of normal variation of this nose structure in the normal population, related to some familial traits or specific age variations (e.g. a depressed nasal bridge is very common in infancy)4. 3.1. Wide nasal bridge The nasal bridge is defined as wide if ...
... nose between the orbits)3. There is a wide range of normal variation of this nose structure in the normal population, related to some familial traits or specific age variations (e.g. a depressed nasal bridge is very common in infancy)4. 3.1. Wide nasal bridge The nasal bridge is defined as wide if ...
sewall wright - National Academy of Sciences
... school he pursued his interests in natural history and took what science courses were offered; but, as with grade school, he did most of his learning outside. In his senior year he read Darwin's Origin of Species in its entirety. Entering Lombard College Wright started to major in chemistry, but fou ...
... school he pursued his interests in natural history and took what science courses were offered; but, as with grade school, he did most of his learning outside. In his senior year he read Darwin's Origin of Species in its entirety. Entering Lombard College Wright started to major in chemistry, but fou ...
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection - Philsci
... this list as constituting the different kinds of random drift processes. For reasons of space, I will discuss only two of these processes: indiscriminate parent sampling and the bottleneck effect. The discussion of different kinds of random drift illustrates the general characteristics of random dri ...
... this list as constituting the different kinds of random drift processes. For reasons of space, I will discuss only two of these processes: indiscriminate parent sampling and the bottleneck effect. The discussion of different kinds of random drift illustrates the general characteristics of random dri ...
Melanocortin 1 recep
... (21 bp). Further analysis of protein expression and function would be necessary to elucidate the effect of these deletions. ...
... (21 bp). Further analysis of protein expression and function would be necessary to elucidate the effect of these deletions. ...
Population Genetics
... This can only occur if the population is sufficiently large to ensure that the chance of an offspring getting one allele or the other is purely random. When populations are small the principle of genetic drift enters and the equilibrium is not established or will be lost as population size dwindles ...
... This can only occur if the population is sufficiently large to ensure that the chance of an offspring getting one allele or the other is purely random. When populations are small the principle of genetic drift enters and the equilibrium is not established or will be lost as population size dwindles ...
Family Tree DNA - Customer Sign In
... population. Moreover, they are stable markers that reflect unique evolutionary events, namely the insertion of an Alu element into a new chromosomal location.4 ± 11 Another advantage of these markers is that there is no parallel gain or loss of Alu elements at a particular chromosomal location, and ...
... population. Moreover, they are stable markers that reflect unique evolutionary events, namely the insertion of an Alu element into a new chromosomal location.4 ± 11 Another advantage of these markers is that there is no parallel gain or loss of Alu elements at a particular chromosomal location, and ...
study on factors affecting the efficiency of marker
... 0.50, 0.30, 0.40. Background selection methods: random selection, genomic similarity selection, index selection and MBLUP selection. Population sizes: 500 and 1000. Ratios of QTL variance to total genetic variance: 10% and 30%. For each parameters combination, 30 replications of simulation were carr ...
... 0.50, 0.30, 0.40. Background selection methods: random selection, genomic similarity selection, index selection and MBLUP selection. Population sizes: 500 and 1000. Ratios of QTL variance to total genetic variance: 10% and 30%. For each parameters combination, 30 replications of simulation were carr ...
Chromosomal Mutations - Virtual Learning Environment
... during the maturation of the oocyte, in theory, sufficient copies of rRNA are produced to result in well over 12 million ribosomes. The Bar Mutation in Drosophila Duplications can cause phenotypic variation that might at first appear to be caused by a simple gene mutation. The Bar-eye phenotype in D ...
... during the maturation of the oocyte, in theory, sufficient copies of rRNA are produced to result in well over 12 million ribosomes. The Bar Mutation in Drosophila Duplications can cause phenotypic variation that might at first appear to be caused by a simple gene mutation. The Bar-eye phenotype in D ...
Sequence Heterogeneities Among 16s
... be avoided. Taking into account the seven operons and therefore mutations that accumulate in the most variable domains would perhaps increase tree resolution. However, if gene conversions that homogenize the rRNA multigene family are rare events, some nodes in phylogenetic trees will reflect these r ...
... be avoided. Taking into account the seven operons and therefore mutations that accumulate in the most variable domains would perhaps increase tree resolution. However, if gene conversions that homogenize the rRNA multigene family are rare events, some nodes in phylogenetic trees will reflect these r ...
Low chromosome number angiosperms
... and a retrotransposon-like sequences were identified. Similar centromeric specific retro-transposon like elements were detected in the centromeres of many plant species (Francki 2001 and references therein). The pericentromeric heterochromatin of Z. biebersteiniana was composed of members of the Zbc ...
... and a retrotransposon-like sequences were identified. Similar centromeric specific retro-transposon like elements were detected in the centromeres of many plant species (Francki 2001 and references therein). The pericentromeric heterochromatin of Z. biebersteiniana was composed of members of the Zbc ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
... not simply that the population stops at a local maximum rather than finding its way to the global maximum. The problem is that the population stops at a point that is not a maximum at all, whether local or global. If we insist on employing the ‘adaptive landscape’ metaphor in such cases, we should s ...
... not simply that the population stops at a local maximum rather than finding its way to the global maximum. The problem is that the population stops at a point that is not a maximum at all, whether local or global. If we insist on employing the ‘adaptive landscape’ metaphor in such cases, we should s ...
The Natures of Selection
... chances. A weighted coin is more likely to depart from a 50:50 ratio than a fair one. What happens in an actual population of organisms also depends both on the chances of surviving and reproducing of the members of that population, and on how large the population is. Sober is therefore able to dist ...
... chances. A weighted coin is more likely to depart from a 50:50 ratio than a fair one. What happens in an actual population of organisms also depends both on the chances of surviving and reproducing of the members of that population, and on how large the population is. Sober is therefore able to dist ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.