Chapter 1 - ANU Repository
... improving efficiency. Although a common problem in pure species tree breeding, the issue of measurement expense is exacerbated in hybrid improvement - firstly, as the need to shorten the long breeding cycle interval is of foremost priority, and secondly, as traits must often be measured in two or mo ...
... improving efficiency. Although a common problem in pure species tree breeding, the issue of measurement expense is exacerbated in hybrid improvement - firstly, as the need to shorten the long breeding cycle interval is of foremost priority, and secondly, as traits must often be measured in two or mo ...
Understanding "green" multicellularity: do seaweeds hold the key?
... in plants, algae, and their relatives. (A) Simplified tree of life showing the Unikont and plant/algal lineages and their evolutionary relationships, including divergence times in millions or billions of years ago (mya or bya, respectively). Animals, choanoflagellates, filastereans, and ichthyospore ...
... in plants, algae, and their relatives. (A) Simplified tree of life showing the Unikont and plant/algal lineages and their evolutionary relationships, including divergence times in millions or billions of years ago (mya or bya, respectively). Animals, choanoflagellates, filastereans, and ichthyospore ...
A glucagon-like endocrine pathway in Drosophila
... fly a particularly tractable model organism in which to probe metabolic pathways regulating energy balance. For example, the Drosophila fat body, the major depot for carbohydrate and lipid stores, is amenable to genetic manipulation specifically in either larval or adult stages (e.g. see Lazareva et ...
... fly a particularly tractable model organism in which to probe metabolic pathways regulating energy balance. For example, the Drosophila fat body, the major depot for carbohydrate and lipid stores, is amenable to genetic manipulation specifically in either larval or adult stages (e.g. see Lazareva et ...
A glucagon-like endocrine pathway in Drosophila modulates both
... fly a particularly tractable model organism in which to probe metabolic pathways regulating energy balance. For example, the Drosophila fat body, the major depot for carbohydrate and lipid stores, is amenable to genetic manipulation specifically in either larval or adult stages (e.g. see Lazareva et ...
... fly a particularly tractable model organism in which to probe metabolic pathways regulating energy balance. For example, the Drosophila fat body, the major depot for carbohydrate and lipid stores, is amenable to genetic manipulation specifically in either larval or adult stages (e.g. see Lazareva et ...
Population genetics by Knud Christensen
... this possible there has to be an effect from numerous gene pairs. In the present example using only two gene pairs, they could be fixed after one generation of selection. ...
... this possible there has to be an effect from numerous gene pairs. In the present example using only two gene pairs, they could be fixed after one generation of selection. ...
BIO102 - National Open University of Nigeria
... Algaes, also known as Thallophytes are the simple green plants. They are aquatic plants (lives in water) that are thread like or flat (thallus) bodies with no roots or stems. They inhabit damp places on the land surface. They exhibit a distinct alternation of generation. The sporophyte is always att ...
... Algaes, also known as Thallophytes are the simple green plants. They are aquatic plants (lives in water) that are thread like or flat (thallus) bodies with no roots or stems. They inhabit damp places on the land surface. They exhibit a distinct alternation of generation. The sporophyte is always att ...
CBSE XII BIO QS with key(2009-2015)
... they have food reserves for the seedling or embryo the seed coat provides protection to the embryo generate genetic variation remain viable for a considerable period of time.(any two) =1x2 State what is apomixis? Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used? (2015) Form of asexual re ...
... they have food reserves for the seedling or embryo the seed coat provides protection to the embryo generate genetic variation remain viable for a considerable period of time.(any two) =1x2 State what is apomixis? Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used? (2015) Form of asexual re ...
Much More than Falafel
... (Lens culinaris), pea (Pisum sativum), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia), flax (Linum usitatissimum) – and last but not least chickpea (Cicer arietinum). ...
... (Lens culinaris), pea (Pisum sativum), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia), flax (Linum usitatissimum) – and last but not least chickpea (Cicer arietinum). ...
Massive Changes in Genome Architecture Accompany
... The suppression of recombination across such a region will be selected for if it creates linkage between the sex-determining locus and other genes that are sexually antagonistic in that their functions are beneficial to only one of the sexes. The nonrecombining region can be formed from the spread of ...
... The suppression of recombination across such a region will be selected for if it creates linkage between the sex-determining locus and other genes that are sexually antagonistic in that their functions are beneficial to only one of the sexes. The nonrecombining region can be formed from the spread of ...
Chapter 3: Selection and Adaptation Barry Sinervo © 1997-2007
... females. The theory of runaway sexual selection illustrates how genes for behavior and genes for morphology can become genetically correlated or linked. The linkage between genes is not a physical linkage where two loci lie in close proximity on the same chromosome. In the case of runaway sexual sel ...
... females. The theory of runaway sexual selection illustrates how genes for behavior and genes for morphology can become genetically correlated or linked. The linkage between genes is not a physical linkage where two loci lie in close proximity on the same chromosome. In the case of runaway sexual sel ...
L18Selection
... Why FFT is so important? Because it captures the essence of what selection does, and leads important insights. In particular, FFT implies that changes under selection are irreversible. Indeed, mean fitness W of an evolving population always increases, and, thus, population cannot return to where it ...
... Why FFT is so important? Because it captures the essence of what selection does, and leads important insights. In particular, FFT implies that changes under selection are irreversible. Indeed, mean fitness W of an evolving population always increases, and, thus, population cannot return to where it ...
convergence, recurrence and diversification of
... or DAPI). To confirm the presence or absence of conjugation, sperm found in the female sperm-storage organs were also examined when female specimens were available (the majority of species). Sperm were visualized and imaged using dark-field and epifluorescence microscopy (100×–400× as appropriate fo ...
... or DAPI). To confirm the presence or absence of conjugation, sperm found in the female sperm-storage organs were also examined when female specimens were available (the majority of species). Sperm were visualized and imaged using dark-field and epifluorescence microscopy (100×–400× as appropriate fo ...
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors
... because it hints that amphioxus might contain similar kinds of evidence about other aspects of early vertebrate evolution. For a ligand to act, it must have a cognate receptor, and one of the most important ligands in vertebrates is GnRH1. The hypothalamus secretes GnRH1, the peptide that controls r ...
... because it hints that amphioxus might contain similar kinds of evidence about other aspects of early vertebrate evolution. For a ligand to act, it must have a cognate receptor, and one of the most important ligands in vertebrates is GnRH1. The hypothalamus secretes GnRH1, the peptide that controls r ...
Careful risk assessment needed to evaluate transgenic fish
... to interbreeding, it is also important to consider the potential impact that environmental factors may have on the survival of transgenic and nontransgenic populations (i.e., genotype-byenvironment interactions). A recent study of growth-enhanced transgenic and nontransgenic salmon found that transg ...
... to interbreeding, it is also important to consider the potential impact that environmental factors may have on the survival of transgenic and nontransgenic populations (i.e., genotype-byenvironment interactions). A recent study of growth-enhanced transgenic and nontransgenic salmon found that transg ...
Bisexual branching processes to model extinction conditions for Y
... designated by MR or Mr according to which allele they carry. We will suppose however that they both have the same phenotype, so that mating is not influenced by the gene and females choose the genotype of their mates blindly. Moreover, perfect fidelity (monogamy) is assumed at the time of mating, i.e. ...
... designated by MR or Mr according to which allele they carry. We will suppose however that they both have the same phenotype, so that mating is not influenced by the gene and females choose the genotype of their mates blindly. Moreover, perfect fidelity (monogamy) is assumed at the time of mating, i.e. ...
Male-killing i n two species of insect Wolbachia 1~ THE ROYAL
... obtained when rate heterogeneity among sites was taken into account and estimated parameter values were used. The only difference between this tree and that found through parsimony was in the Glade of five Wolbachia strains containing the A. encedon and A. bipunctata male-killing strains. Within thi ...
... obtained when rate heterogeneity among sites was taken into account and estimated parameter values were used. The only difference between this tree and that found through parsimony was in the Glade of five Wolbachia strains containing the A. encedon and A. bipunctata male-killing strains. Within thi ...
The Two Phases of the Coalescent and Fixation Processes
... One implication of these results is that hitchhiking occurs in half of the fixation time (for random mating with Poisson progeny distribution) because it is only during the transition phase that crossing over could affect monomorphism at a linked locus. Of course, this does not address the role of m ...
... One implication of these results is that hitchhiking occurs in half of the fixation time (for random mating with Poisson progeny distribution) because it is only during the transition phase that crossing over could affect monomorphism at a linked locus. Of course, this does not address the role of m ...
Sample Lesson 3 - Top Score Writing
... because there are two different species, they are a type of reptile, and they live in various habitats. Alligators aren’t as scary once you learn more about them. First and foremost, there are actually two different species of alligators in the world. The most well-known type of alligator is the Ame ...
... because there are two different species, they are a type of reptile, and they live in various habitats. Alligators aren’t as scary once you learn more about them. First and foremost, there are actually two different species of alligators in the world. The most well-known type of alligator is the Ame ...
Understanding the basis of auriculocondylar syndrome: Insights
... PLCD4 produces a naturally occurring splice variant coding for an isoform that can dominantly interfere with various PLC proteins [Nagano et al., 1999]. An informative in vivo test of this dominant negative theory will require overexpression in zebrafish embryos of wild type human PLCB4/GNAI3 or ver ...
... PLCD4 produces a naturally occurring splice variant coding for an isoform that can dominantly interfere with various PLC proteins [Nagano et al., 1999]. An informative in vivo test of this dominant negative theory will require overexpression in zebrafish embryos of wild type human PLCB4/GNAI3 or ver ...
Adaptive landscapes - BOA Bicocca Open Archive
... disciplinary fields (and not others); and that pluralism is not easy “anything goes”, demanding rigor and imagination, exercise and flexibility. Eldredge’s ideas on the Modern Synthesis, an “unfinished synthesis” (1985), were another theme I was about to find again in recent years. It is developed h ...
... disciplinary fields (and not others); and that pluralism is not easy “anything goes”, demanding rigor and imagination, exercise and flexibility. Eldredge’s ideas on the Modern Synthesis, an “unfinished synthesis” (1985), were another theme I was about to find again in recent years. It is developed h ...
genetics - Krishikosh
... For the sake of brevity, only the names of the authors of the general textbooks are given in the reading lIStS, in the case of additIOnal references SUitably complete bibliographic cItation is provided. Students who are interested in reading some of the key papers in genetics can fmd a number in Pet ...
... For the sake of brevity, only the names of the authors of the general textbooks are given in the reading lIStS, in the case of additIOnal references SUitably complete bibliographic cItation is provided. Students who are interested in reading some of the key papers in genetics can fmd a number in Pet ...
Kuijper et al JEB
... polymorphism when fitness is additive. As a result, the overall frequency of Cm mitochondria does not exceed our threshold of P = 0.05 that demarcates the zone of polymorphism (Fig. S2). The scope for higher frequencies of Cm alleles is enhanced with reverse dominance (Fig. 6b). The selection pressu ...
... polymorphism when fitness is additive. As a result, the overall frequency of Cm mitochondria does not exceed our threshold of P = 0.05 that demarcates the zone of polymorphism (Fig. S2). The scope for higher frequencies of Cm alleles is enhanced with reverse dominance (Fig. 6b). The selection pressu ...
From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution
... Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins that I have been engaged with fundamental questions in the field of sociobiology and evolutionary biology – sometimes even in dreams. It was immediately clear to me that this provocative book had a bearing on many philosophical topics; but it was not until later that ...
... Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins that I have been engaged with fundamental questions in the field of sociobiology and evolutionary biology – sometimes even in dreams. It was immediately clear to me that this provocative book had a bearing on many philosophical topics; but it was not until later that ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.