Isostasy, dynamic topography, and the elevation of the Apennines of
... the central Mediterranean, forming a narrow (<200 km) mountain belt, the Apennines–Calabria, from the Alps to Sicily (Fig. 1). The belt itself is formed by slices of upper crustal material, scraped off from the downgoing Adriatic and Ionian plates, and stacked beneath the upper Tyrrhenian plate duri ...
... the central Mediterranean, forming a narrow (<200 km) mountain belt, the Apennines–Calabria, from the Alps to Sicily (Fig. 1). The belt itself is formed by slices of upper crustal material, scraped off from the downgoing Adriatic and Ionian plates, and stacked beneath the upper Tyrrhenian plate duri ...
Anderson and Natland, 2005
... A brief history of the plume hypothesis and its competitors secondary plumes, chemical plumes, radially zoned plumes, and so on. We do not consider these significant milestones in the intellectual history of the subject and they likewise are not treated. The geochronology of islands and seamounts h ...
... A brief history of the plume hypothesis and its competitors secondary plumes, chemical plumes, radially zoned plumes, and so on. We do not consider these significant milestones in the intellectual history of the subject and they likewise are not treated. The geochronology of islands and seamounts h ...
The Asia–Kohistan–India Collision: Review and Discussion
... brings further confusion since these two latter thrusts are proven, intra-continental shear zones whereas the southern border of Kohistan actually is a suture zone between two different plates. The geological Kohistan has been identified as an obducted island arc by (Tahirkheli et al. 1979), an inte ...
... brings further confusion since these two latter thrusts are proven, intra-continental shear zones whereas the southern border of Kohistan actually is a suture zone between two different plates. The geological Kohistan has been identified as an obducted island arc by (Tahirkheli et al. 1979), an inte ...
The main characteristics of atmospheric circulation associated with
... from the first dataset. The first fog day of a fog event is characterized as D day, the 24-h period prior to D day is characterized as D-1 day and the 24-h period that follows the last fog day is characterized as END day. An analytic scheme of these definitions is presented in Fig. 2. For the 1055 f ...
... from the first dataset. The first fog day of a fog event is characterized as D day, the 24-h period prior to D day is characterized as D-1 day and the 24-h period that follows the last fog day is characterized as END day. An analytic scheme of these definitions is presented in Fig. 2. For the 1055 f ...
Post glacial rebounds measure the viscosity of the lithosphere
... The uncertainty of the calculated viscosity is 0.21x1021 Pas. This relatively small uncertainty indicates that a homogeneous model can fully explain the observed uplift for the postglacial period from 7944 to 87 BP years and that the possible contribution of a low viscosity layer to the uplift can b ...
... The uncertainty of the calculated viscosity is 0.21x1021 Pas. This relatively small uncertainty indicates that a homogeneous model can fully explain the observed uplift for the postglacial period from 7944 to 87 BP years and that the possible contribution of a low viscosity layer to the uplift can b ...
Plate Tectonics - The Web site cannot be found
... of the m a n t l e material (about 1250oC for peridotitic rock), the outermost layer of the mantle is frozen. We call this solid rock layer having a thickness of ca. 100 km the lithosphere. The lithosphere surrounds the viscous mantle and thermally isolates it completely from the Earth’s cold upper ...
... of the m a n t l e material (about 1250oC for peridotitic rock), the outermost layer of the mantle is frozen. We call this solid rock layer having a thickness of ca. 100 km the lithosphere. The lithosphere surrounds the viscous mantle and thermally isolates it completely from the Earth’s cold upper ...
KENT C. CONDIE
... and graduate students in the Earth Sciences. The rapid accumulation of data on plate tectonics, mantle evolution, and the origin of continents in the last decade has necessitated continued updating of the course. The book is written for an advanced undergraduate or graduate student, and it assumes a ...
... and graduate students in the Earth Sciences. The rapid accumulation of data on plate tectonics, mantle evolution, and the origin of continents in the last decade has necessitated continued updating of the course. The book is written for an advanced undergraduate or graduate student, and it assumes a ...
Mechanisms of continental subduction and exhumation of HP and
... We discuss possible scenarios of continental collision, and their relation to mechanisms of exhumation of HP and UHP rocks, inferred from thermo-mechanical numerical models accounting for thermo-rheological complexity of the continental lithosphere. Due to this complexity, mechanisms of continental ...
... We discuss possible scenarios of continental collision, and their relation to mechanisms of exhumation of HP and UHP rocks, inferred from thermo-mechanical numerical models accounting for thermo-rheological complexity of the continental lithosphere. Due to this complexity, mechanisms of continental ...
FREE Sample Here
... A) a massive nickle iron asteroid that was the nucleus upon which Earth condensed B) the left over nickle and iron that would not fit into the earlier formed crust and mantle C) molten iron and nickle that separated from silicates and sank due to its higher density D) high density radioactive carbon ...
... A) a massive nickle iron asteroid that was the nucleus upon which Earth condensed B) the left over nickle and iron that would not fit into the earlier formed crust and mantle C) molten iron and nickle that separated from silicates and sank due to its higher density D) high density radioactive carbon ...
Geodynpub_files/Boutelier, Chemenda, 2011
... from a constitutive instability. The deformation bifurcation induced by this instability can occur even at positive hardening modulus (Rudnicki and Rice 1975; Chemenda 2007), i.e., during strengthening of the material (before reaching the stress peak on stressstrain diagrams) and especially when the ...
... from a constitutive instability. The deformation bifurcation induced by this instability can occur even at positive hardening modulus (Rudnicki and Rice 1975; Chemenda 2007), i.e., during strengthening of the material (before reaching the stress peak on stressstrain diagrams) and especially when the ...
Doglioni et al Mantle wedge asymmetries and geochemical
... subducting slab, being more sensitive to the geographic polarity of the subduction (Doglioni et al.,1999; Cruciani et al., 2005; Lenci and Doglioni, 2007). A study on the consequences of these two end members on the mantle wedge has not yet been carried out. The westward drift of the lithosphere sho ...
... subducting slab, being more sensitive to the geographic polarity of the subduction (Doglioni et al.,1999; Cruciani et al., 2005; Lenci and Doglioni, 2007). A study on the consequences of these two end members on the mantle wedge has not yet been carried out. The westward drift of the lithosphere sho ...
The Eclogite Engine: Chemical geodynamics as
... changes in density at the basalt-eclogite-melt phase boundaries and the rapid decrease in density of the melt phase with decreasing pressure. The basalt-eclogite transition occurs over a finite interval (Ringwood and Green, 1966) of temperature and pressure but it is still abrupt, and large, compare ...
... changes in density at the basalt-eclogite-melt phase boundaries and the rapid decrease in density of the melt phase with decreasing pressure. The basalt-eclogite transition occurs over a finite interval (Ringwood and Green, 1966) of temperature and pressure but it is still abrupt, and large, compare ...
PDF
... from Pb isotopes, showing that the back-arc basins of the western Pacific have a generally Indian character, whereas the basins in the south (Havre Trough and Valu Fa Ridge) have a Pacific character. This difference is mirrored in the compositions of the adjacent arcs: the Kermadec arc trenchward of ...
... from Pb isotopes, showing that the back-arc basins of the western Pacific have a generally Indian character, whereas the basins in the south (Havre Trough and Valu Fa Ridge) have a Pacific character. This difference is mirrored in the compositions of the adjacent arcs: the Kermadec arc trenchward of ...
Climatology, Variability, and Trends in the US Vapor Pressure Deficit
... we shall refer to as fall, winter, spring, and summer, respectively. The VPD is lowest in the winter season; that is, the air is closest to saturation at this time. This is partially caused by the low es , following on the coldest temperatures of the year, which places an upper bound on how large VP ...
... we shall refer to as fall, winter, spring, and summer, respectively. The VPD is lowest in the winter season; that is, the air is closest to saturation at this time. This is partially caused by the low es , following on the coldest temperatures of the year, which places an upper bound on how large VP ...
Initiation of Subduction Zones as a Consequence
... respect to the asthenosphere. Therefore, it would be physically optimal if one part of the lithosphere experienced a greater gravitational attraction than its adjacent neighbour before or during the initiation of a subduction zone. This requires the pre-existence of a density contrast within the lit ...
... respect to the asthenosphere. Therefore, it would be physically optimal if one part of the lithosphere experienced a greater gravitational attraction than its adjacent neighbour before or during the initiation of a subduction zone. This requires the pre-existence of a density contrast within the lit ...
Large-Scale Thermo-chemical Structure of the Deep Mantle
... no notable large-scale structure is observed, and the RMS seismic velocity variation is small, 0.5 % or less. Below the surface, anomalies of shear-wave velocity are well correlated with surface tectonics down to depths of about 200–300 km (Schaeffer and Lebedev, this volume). The ocean–continent di ...
... no notable large-scale structure is observed, and the RMS seismic velocity variation is small, 0.5 % or less. Below the surface, anomalies of shear-wave velocity are well correlated with surface tectonics down to depths of about 200–300 km (Schaeffer and Lebedev, this volume). The ocean–continent di ...
On the role of subducting oceanic plateaus in the development of
... yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ...
... yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ...
the geology and geothermal activity of the east african rift
... considered to be the main heat source for the geothermal system. Manifestations occur in the form of boiling pools, hot springs, and fumaroles (Woldegiorgis et al., 2003). Detailed geoscientific investigations revealed a potential reservoir temperature of about 250C. However, exploratory drilling i ...
... considered to be the main heat source for the geothermal system. Manifestations occur in the form of boiling pools, hot springs, and fumaroles (Woldegiorgis et al., 2003). Detailed geoscientific investigations revealed a potential reservoir temperature of about 250C. However, exploratory drilling i ...
Workshop Report - Consortium for Ocean Leadership
... and 4 post-docs, visited the Trinity peridotite in northern California, which contains a rich variety of melt migration features, including spectacular dunite-harzburgite-lherzoliteplagioclase lherzolite reaction zones. Several distinct melting events were recorded in the rocks, reflecting a changin ...
... and 4 post-docs, visited the Trinity peridotite in northern California, which contains a rich variety of melt migration features, including spectacular dunite-harzburgite-lherzoliteplagioclase lherzolite reaction zones. Several distinct melting events were recorded in the rocks, reflecting a changin ...
Subduction versus accretion of intra
... overriding oceanic lithosphere is made of two layers representing the oceanic crust and the lithospheric mantle. This lithosphere carries a volcanic arc and is thinned and weakened beneath both the arc and the back-arc basin. The subducting plate contains three parts: one-layer oceanic and two-layer ...
... overriding oceanic lithosphere is made of two layers representing the oceanic crust and the lithospheric mantle. This lithosphere carries a volcanic arc and is thinned and weakened beneath both the arc and the back-arc basin. The subducting plate contains three parts: one-layer oceanic and two-layer ...
Tectonic–climatic interaction
Tectonic–climatic interaction is the interrelationship between tectonic processes and the climate system. The tectonic processes in question include orogenesis, volcanism, and erosion, while relevant climatic processes include atmospheric circulation, orographic lift, monsoon circulation and the rain shadow effect. As the geological record of past climate changes over millions of years is sparse and poorly resolved, many questions remain unresolved regarding the nature of tectonic-climate interaction, although it is an area of active research by geologists and palaeoclimatologists.