Chapter 2
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on th ...
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on th ...
Oblique subduction of the Gagua Ridge beneath the Ryukyu
... These data, together with the study of the margin deformation, the uplift of the forearc basin and geodetic data, show that the subduction of the Gagua Ridge beneath the accretionary wedge occurs along an azimuth which is about 20° less oblique than the convergence between the PSP and the Ryukyu Arc ...
... These data, together with the study of the margin deformation, the uplift of the forearc basin and geodetic data, show that the subduction of the Gagua Ridge beneath the accretionary wedge occurs along an azimuth which is about 20° less oblique than the convergence between the PSP and the Ryukyu Arc ...
pdf-file - Art Periods
... that the high slab-derived fluid flux causes elevated degrees of melting beneath these volcanoes, providing an explanation as to why these are amongst the most active volcanoes in South America. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
... that the high slab-derived fluid flux causes elevated degrees of melting beneath these volcanoes, providing an explanation as to why these are amongst the most active volcanoes in South America. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
Subduction-driven recycling of continental margin lithosphere
... inverted Triassic-Jurassic graben adjacent to the Sahara craton, has anomalously thin crust for its elevation31. Plio-Pleistocene uplift of the High Atlas is attributed to piecemeal convective downwellings enabled by mantle flow from the Canary plume and/or around the Alboran slab30 that undermined ...
... inverted Triassic-Jurassic graben adjacent to the Sahara craton, has anomalously thin crust for its elevation31. Plio-Pleistocene uplift of the High Atlas is attributed to piecemeal convective downwellings enabled by mantle flow from the Canary plume and/or around the Alboran slab30 that undermined ...
Cenozoic slab windows beneath the western United States
... occurs east of the Sierra Nevada block on the Eastern California shear zone–Walker Lane Belt (e.g., Dixon et al., 1999) in the western Great Basin. As this interior shear zone crosses the Pacific Northwest, it is accommodated largely by rotation of the nearly nondeforming Siletzia block (McCaffrey, ...
... occurs east of the Sierra Nevada block on the Eastern California shear zone–Walker Lane Belt (e.g., Dixon et al., 1999) in the western Great Basin. As this interior shear zone crosses the Pacific Northwest, it is accommodated largely by rotation of the nearly nondeforming Siletzia block (McCaffrey, ...
Mantle flow geometry from ridge to trench beneath the Gorda–Juan
... these criteria, so the observation that Juan de Fuca does affect the asthenosphere perhaps sets lower bounds on the age and speed of a tectonic plate that can induce asthenospheric flow. The Gorda Plate is young (<10 Myr; ref. 24), has a low absolute velocity22 , is undergoing internal deformation24 ...
... these criteria, so the observation that Juan de Fuca does affect the asthenosphere perhaps sets lower bounds on the age and speed of a tectonic plate that can induce asthenospheric flow. The Gorda Plate is young (<10 Myr; ref. 24), has a low absolute velocity22 , is undergoing internal deformation24 ...
1 UNIT 10 Plate Tectonics Study Guide Chapters 1, 2, 9, and most of
... - Earth’s lithosphere is divided into many large and small individual plates. 1) Plate boundaries are based on structural features, not land or ocean shorelines. 2) Plates are outlined by ridges, trenches and young mountain belts (caused by convergent zones and divergent zones). 3) Most major plates ...
... - Earth’s lithosphere is divided into many large and small individual plates. 1) Plate boundaries are based on structural features, not land or ocean shorelines. 2) Plates are outlined by ridges, trenches and young mountain belts (caused by convergent zones and divergent zones). 3) Most major plates ...
chapter4 - West Broward High School
... ocean floor. We now know that seafloor features result from a combination of tectonic activity and the processes of erosion and deposition. The ocean floor can be divided into two regions: continental margins and deep-ocean basins. The continental margin, the relatively shallow ocean floor nearest t ...
... ocean floor. We now know that seafloor features result from a combination of tectonic activity and the processes of erosion and deposition. The ocean floor can be divided into two regions: continental margins and deep-ocean basins. The continental margin, the relatively shallow ocean floor nearest t ...
Chapter 04
... broad shallow extension of the continents (~65km wide) Regions of deposition (rivers, glaciers, scrapped marine ...
... broad shallow extension of the continents (~65km wide) Regions of deposition (rivers, glaciers, scrapped marine ...
12.710, Spring 2014, Problem Set 5, Isostacy Isostacy is the concept
... thickness of the mountain, h1, including its "root", can be determined. The compensation depth is the depth below which no lateral variations in density exist. Usually this is in the asthenosphere. ...
... thickness of the mountain, h1, including its "root", can be determined. The compensation depth is the depth below which no lateral variations in density exist. Usually this is in the asthenosphere. ...
... At some convergent boundaries, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Oceanic crust tends to be ____________ and _____________ than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent and pulled under, or ________________, beneath the lighter and thicker continental crust. This for ...
Patterns of Crustal Activity
... The third type of earthquake is related to the collision of oceanic and continental plates. One plate is thrust or subducted under the other plate so that a deep ocean trench is produced. In the Philippines, ocean trenches are associated with curved volcanic island arcs on the landward plate, for ex ...
... The third type of earthquake is related to the collision of oceanic and continental plates. One plate is thrust or subducted under the other plate so that a deep ocean trench is produced. In the Philippines, ocean trenches are associated with curved volcanic island arcs on the landward plate, for ex ...
Earth Science Chapter 9 Section 5 Review
... OBJ: 9.13 10. ANS: The whole-mantle convection model theorizes that slabs of cold oceanic lithosphere descend into the lower mantle, providing the downward arm of convection; the deep-layer convection model theorizes that heat from Earth’s interior causes parts of the lower mantle to rise upwards as ...
... OBJ: 9.13 10. ANS: The whole-mantle convection model theorizes that slabs of cold oceanic lithosphere descend into the lower mantle, providing the downward arm of convection; the deep-layer convection model theorizes that heat from Earth’s interior causes parts of the lower mantle to rise upwards as ...
Towards a better understanding of hot spot volcanism
... brought evidence of a shearing band, but this zone appeared more diffuse towards the east than in the first simulation. Moreover, this more diffuse shearing zone was superimposed on an anomaly of the Earth’s surface classically attributed to an upswelling of the oceanic lithosphere. This anomaly, ca ...
... brought evidence of a shearing band, but this zone appeared more diffuse towards the east than in the first simulation. Moreover, this more diffuse shearing zone was superimposed on an anomaly of the Earth’s surface classically attributed to an upswelling of the oceanic lithosphere. This anomaly, ca ...
Dynamic Earth - Ms. Tasneem`s Class
... Each person will produce a detailed drawing of a cross-section through their map area that shows how the plates are interacting beneath the Earth’s surface IN YOUR SPECIFIC REGION. You will need to label your figure with the following information: 1. Determine which boundary type (divergent, converg ...
... Each person will produce a detailed drawing of a cross-section through their map area that shows how the plates are interacting beneath the Earth’s surface IN YOUR SPECIFIC REGION. You will need to label your figure with the following information: 1. Determine which boundary type (divergent, converg ...
Plate Tectonics - Earth Science Teachers` Association
... time of their formation. This is called Palaeomagnetism. Explain how rocks are able to take up the magnetism of the earth’s magnetic field at the time at which they were formed, considering the different rock types, sedimentary, igneous (know about Curie point) and metamorphic. Remnant magnetism is ...
... time of their formation. This is called Palaeomagnetism. Explain how rocks are able to take up the magnetism of the earth’s magnetic field at the time at which they were formed, considering the different rock types, sedimentary, igneous (know about Curie point) and metamorphic. Remnant magnetism is ...
The Background of Plate Tectonics - Hadeln
... or a blend of equally and too a level of mainly molten rock referred to as asthenosphere (Rolf et al., 2012). Continental plates include granite and are also more compact hence they float on the top of the more dense oceanic dishes that are basaltic by nature. The discussion of the plates develops v ...
... or a blend of equally and too a level of mainly molten rock referred to as asthenosphere (Rolf et al., 2012). Continental plates include granite and are also more compact hence they float on the top of the more dense oceanic dishes that are basaltic by nature. The discussion of the plates develops v ...
Slide 1
... b) What can we learn from foreland basin deposits (i.e. climate vs tectonic) ? In a medial-distal part of a foreland basin high sediment accumulation rates coincide with fine-grained sediments and reflect an increase in subsidence due to tectonic loading Low sediment accumulation rates coincide with ...
... b) What can we learn from foreland basin deposits (i.e. climate vs tectonic) ? In a medial-distal part of a foreland basin high sediment accumulation rates coincide with fine-grained sediments and reflect an increase in subsidence due to tectonic loading Low sediment accumulation rates coincide with ...
Understanding the physical behavior of volcanoes - Beck-Shop
... as the Benioff Zone. In the Pacific Ocean, the deepest oceanic depth of 13,000 m is associated with the trench of the Mariana subduction zone. Convergent margins can be produced by subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath other oceanic lithosphere (island arc) or oceanic lithosphere beneath continen ...
... as the Benioff Zone. In the Pacific Ocean, the deepest oceanic depth of 13,000 m is associated with the trench of the Mariana subduction zone. Convergent margins can be produced by subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath other oceanic lithosphere (island arc) or oceanic lithosphere beneath continen ...
Past is Key: Tectonic Evolution of the Pacific
... evaluating the current deformation field (PBO, InSAR), velocity structure (USArray) and in-situ characteristics of an active fault (SAFOD) within the western United States. These physical characteristics, however, are all controlled by—or at least strongly influenced by—the prior tectonic history of ...
... evaluating the current deformation field (PBO, InSAR), velocity structure (USArray) and in-situ characteristics of an active fault (SAFOD) within the western United States. These physical characteristics, however, are all controlled by—or at least strongly influenced by—the prior tectonic history of ...
Thermal modelling of the Laramide orogeny: testing the £at
... and subducting slab will be hotter, such that slab dehydration will occur at shallower depths, and inboard arc magma generation becomes more unlikely. If stress coupling of the upper and lower plates was the driving mechanism for inboard deformation during the Laramide orogeny, the e¡ect of shear he ...
... and subducting slab will be hotter, such that slab dehydration will occur at shallower depths, and inboard arc magma generation becomes more unlikely. If stress coupling of the upper and lower plates was the driving mechanism for inboard deformation during the Laramide orogeny, the e¡ect of shear he ...
Plate Tectonic Reconstructions of the Indonesian Region
... basins. PSP motion changed, linked to two important collisions. In the late Oligocene, ophiolites, probably situated at the leading edge of the Bird’s Head microcontinent, were emplaced on the west Arm of Sulawesi. The area between the ophiolite and the Bird’s Head is speculated to have been occupie ...
... basins. PSP motion changed, linked to two important collisions. In the late Oligocene, ophiolites, probably situated at the leading edge of the Bird’s Head microcontinent, were emplaced on the west Arm of Sulawesi. The area between the ophiolite and the Bird’s Head is speculated to have been occupie ...
Lecture10 File
... ridges are plate boundaries, as are the deep ocean trenches around the Pacific. The areas between the zones of earthquakes are rigid, lacking deformation related to earthquakes. These are the Earth’s tectonic plates. For example, the African plate is composed of African continental crust plus ocean ...
... ridges are plate boundaries, as are the deep ocean trenches around the Pacific. The areas between the zones of earthquakes are rigid, lacking deformation related to earthquakes. These are the Earth’s tectonic plates. For example, the African plate is composed of African continental crust plus ocean ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.