Slide 1
... composed of the more dense igneous rock, basalt. The continental crust is composed of the less dense granite. When they collide, the oceanic crust sinks below the continental crust. ...
... composed of the more dense igneous rock, basalt. The continental crust is composed of the less dense granite. When they collide, the oceanic crust sinks below the continental crust. ...
How Mantle Slabs Drive Plate Tectonics
... zones), while overriding plates in the slab pull model move at the right speed but in the wrong direction (away from subduction zones). This suggests that a combination of the two models should cause both subducting and overriding plates to move in the correct direction at the correct speed. For sim ...
... zones), while overriding plates in the slab pull model move at the right speed but in the wrong direction (away from subduction zones). This suggests that a combination of the two models should cause both subducting and overriding plates to move in the correct direction at the correct speed. For sim ...
Tectonic Impacts #2
... Steep faults caused by compressional forces A fine grained volcanic igneous rock with the same composition as granite. The formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at mid-ocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side An instrument that re ...
... Steep faults caused by compressional forces A fine grained volcanic igneous rock with the same composition as granite. The formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at mid-ocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side An instrument that re ...
ppt
... Conclusions - Coupling in the Mariana arc • Sparse seismicity in the outer forearc within and beneath seamounts • Most shallow thrust microseismicity begins arcward of the seamounts at depths of 25-50 km - within the mantle; extent of thrust seismicity not controlled by crust-mantle transition • ...
... Conclusions - Coupling in the Mariana arc • Sparse seismicity in the outer forearc within and beneath seamounts • Most shallow thrust microseismicity begins arcward of the seamounts at depths of 25-50 km - within the mantle; extent of thrust seismicity not controlled by crust-mantle transition • ...
How Mantle Slabs Drive Plate Tectonics
... zones), while overriding plates in the slab pull model move at the right speed but in the wrong direction (away from subduction zones). This suggests that a combination of the two models should cause both subducting and overriding plates to move in the correct direction at the correct speed. For sim ...
... zones), while overriding plates in the slab pull model move at the right speed but in the wrong direction (away from subduction zones). This suggests that a combination of the two models should cause both subducting and overriding plates to move in the correct direction at the correct speed. For sim ...
What is a fault?
... Forests that were growing on top of a boundary and were submerged when an earthquake released the pressure on the fault, but are now dead, and back on land. Back to Board ...
... Forests that were growing on top of a boundary and were submerged when an earthquake released the pressure on the fault, but are now dead, and back on land. Back to Board ...
11.1 Pangaea While looking at a map of the world, have you ever
... heats the rock material of the lower mantle. As it is heated, it expands and becomes less dense. What happens at mid-ocean ridges? The lower mantle rock material rises toward Earth’s surface. Lithospheric plates move apart over the rising part of a convection cell. Basaltic lava is extruded between ...
... heats the rock material of the lower mantle. As it is heated, it expands and becomes less dense. What happens at mid-ocean ridges? The lower mantle rock material rises toward Earth’s surface. Lithospheric plates move apart over the rising part of a convection cell. Basaltic lava is extruded between ...
6-Plate Tectonics
... Santorini and Hellenic volcanism: The eruption of Santorini in Greece in 1,650 B.C. was one of the largest in the last 10 ka. About 30 cubic km of ash was erupted in a huge plinian column, causing the volcano to collapse, producing a c aldera. Ash fell over a large area in the eastern Mediterranean ...
... Santorini and Hellenic volcanism: The eruption of Santorini in Greece in 1,650 B.C. was one of the largest in the last 10 ka. About 30 cubic km of ash was erupted in a huge plinian column, causing the volcano to collapse, producing a c aldera. Ash fell over a large area in the eastern Mediterranean ...
Melting features along the Ryukyu slab tear, beneath the
... magnetic source, assumed to be the Curie point depth, is then calculated by Zb = 2Z0 Zt. [6] In order to enhance the broad features linked to deep features, the centroid depths were calculated for wavelengths larger than 10 km [Stampolidis and Tsokas, 2002; Tanaka et al., 1999]. Zt, Zb and the thi ...
... magnetic source, assumed to be the Curie point depth, is then calculated by Zb = 2Z0 Zt. [6] In order to enhance the broad features linked to deep features, the centroid depths were calculated for wavelengths larger than 10 km [Stampolidis and Tsokas, 2002; Tanaka et al., 1999]. Zt, Zb and the thi ...
Exercises in basic isostasy
... 3. Assume that continental lithosphere consisting of crust with thickness 36 km, density ρc = 2.8 x 103 kg m-3 is thinned rapidly by horizontal extension to 18 km. Assuming mantle density is ρm = 3.3 x 103 kg m-3, and local isostasy is maintained during and after the extension, what is the new level ...
... 3. Assume that continental lithosphere consisting of crust with thickness 36 km, density ρc = 2.8 x 103 kg m-3 is thinned rapidly by horizontal extension to 18 km. Assuming mantle density is ρm = 3.3 x 103 kg m-3, and local isostasy is maintained during and after the extension, what is the new level ...
Chapter 8
... • Types of plate boundaries • Convergent plate boundaries (destructive margins) • Oceanic-oceanic convergence • Two oceanic slabs converge and one descends beneath the other • Often forms volcanoes on the ocean floor • Volcanic island arcs forms as volcanoes emerge from the sea • Examples include th ...
... • Types of plate boundaries • Convergent plate boundaries (destructive margins) • Oceanic-oceanic convergence • Two oceanic slabs converge and one descends beneath the other • Often forms volcanoes on the ocean floor • Volcanic island arcs forms as volcanoes emerge from the sea • Examples include th ...
Slides - indico in2p3
... - abundance of heat producing elements (K, Th, U) in estimates of BSE from 9TW to 36TW the Earth - clues to planet formation processes constrains chondritic Earth models ...
... - abundance of heat producing elements (K, Th, U) in estimates of BSE from 9TW to 36TW the Earth - clues to planet formation processes constrains chondritic Earth models ...
Instructions: Moving Plates Questions
... the magma moves to the surface where the plates are moving apart ocean floor and the cooling magma forms a ridge some ridges are high enough that eventually an island could be visible magma is moving slowly no steam or gases can escape so great pressure builds up Pressure is released in a great expl ...
... the magma moves to the surface where the plates are moving apart ocean floor and the cooling magma forms a ridge some ridges are high enough that eventually an island could be visible magma is moving slowly no steam or gases can escape so great pressure builds up Pressure is released in a great expl ...
Unit 9 ~ Learning Guide Name
... the magma moves to the surface where the plates are moving apart ocean floor and the cooling magma forms a ridge some ridges are high enough that eventually an island could be visible magma is moving slowly no steam or gases can escape so great pressure builds up Pressure is released in a great expl ...
... the magma moves to the surface where the plates are moving apart ocean floor and the cooling magma forms a ridge some ridges are high enough that eventually an island could be visible magma is moving slowly no steam or gases can escape so great pressure builds up Pressure is released in a great expl ...
Key Concept Review (Answers to in-text “Concept Checks”) Chapter
... 14. Neritic sediments can undergo lithification: They are converted into sedimentary rock by pressure-induced compaction or by cementation. 15. Much of the Colorado Plateau, with its many stacked layers easily visible in the Grand Canyon, was formed by sedimentary deposition and lithification beneat ...
... 14. Neritic sediments can undergo lithification: They are converted into sedimentary rock by pressure-induced compaction or by cementation. 15. Much of the Colorado Plateau, with its many stacked layers easily visible in the Grand Canyon, was formed by sedimentary deposition and lithification beneat ...
Word Document
... The current tectonic situation is represented in Figs. 5 and 6. The western U.S. is remarkable for the broad area that is tectonically and magmatically active and the broad Cordillera that is elevated. The area that is tectonically most active occupies roughly the western half of the western U.S. Co ...
... The current tectonic situation is represented in Figs. 5 and 6. The western U.S. is remarkable for the broad area that is tectonically and magmatically active and the broad Cordillera that is elevated. The area that is tectonically most active occupies roughly the western half of the western U.S. Co ...
Plate Tectonics
... Explains formation, movement and subduction of Earth’s plates ○ Subduction-the process by which gravity pulls denser plate edges downward into the mantle. ...
... Explains formation, movement and subduction of Earth’s plates ○ Subduction-the process by which gravity pulls denser plate edges downward into the mantle. ...
seamount subduction and earthquakes
... rupture history of large subduction zone earthquakes, the deep seismic structure of forearc overriding plates, and the morphology of subducting oceanic plates. Kodaira et al. (2000) used an integrated data set of earthquake aftershock relocations, seismic refraction, and swath bathymetry data to sug ...
... rupture history of large subduction zone earthquakes, the deep seismic structure of forearc overriding plates, and the morphology of subducting oceanic plates. Kodaira et al. (2000) used an integrated data set of earthquake aftershock relocations, seismic refraction, and swath bathymetry data to sug ...
How Do Earthquakes Tell Us About the Earth`s Interior?
... lithosphere, is the asthenosphere – Hot and weak (plastic) – Though solid, over 1000s to millions of yrs flows like hot wax due to pressure of crust – Solid Mantle below this ...
... lithosphere, is the asthenosphere – Hot and weak (plastic) – Though solid, over 1000s to millions of yrs flows like hot wax due to pressure of crust – Solid Mantle below this ...
Definition of a Cenozoic alkaline magmatic
... rifting alone. Estimates of volumes of magmas erupted in west Antarctica and Australia, as well as magma production rates are low compared to areas associated with plumes. Uplift and doming typically associated with mantle plumes are also largely absent. Also, to explain the areal distribution of th ...
... rifting alone. Estimates of volumes of magmas erupted in west Antarctica and Australia, as well as magma production rates are low compared to areas associated with plumes. Uplift and doming typically associated with mantle plumes are also largely absent. Also, to explain the areal distribution of th ...
Scott Tarlow (), Department of Earth and
... corner. Then, nodes on the surface are locked with zero plate velocity until 220 meters away from the trench, where the full spreading rate is then applied to the rest of the surface nodes. Slab dip is imposed by weak nodes (white lines), which allow the underlying slab to decouple from the overridi ...
... corner. Then, nodes on the surface are locked with zero plate velocity until 220 meters away from the trench, where the full spreading rate is then applied to the rest of the surface nodes. Slab dip is imposed by weak nodes (white lines), which allow the underlying slab to decouple from the overridi ...
here - ScienceA2Z.com
... this causes many events. Where two plates slide past one another laterally enormous amounts of built up pressure is released in the form of earthquakes. This is illustrated by the transform fault. The side-to-side movement causes a great deal of friction. A third type of plate movement is compressio ...
... this causes many events. Where two plates slide past one another laterally enormous amounts of built up pressure is released in the form of earthquakes. This is illustrated by the transform fault. The side-to-side movement causes a great deal of friction. A third type of plate movement is compressio ...
Chapter 2
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on th ...
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on th ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.