What moves slabs - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
... noting that the subduction rate is smaller than the convergence rate. The subduction hinge retreats westwards relative to the mantle, while it converges eastwards relative to the upper plate. When two plates interact, the less rigid, or less viscous one will undergo the larger deformation. The conti ...
... noting that the subduction rate is smaller than the convergence rate. The subduction hinge retreats westwards relative to the mantle, while it converges eastwards relative to the upper plate. When two plates interact, the less rigid, or less viscous one will undergo the larger deformation. The conti ...
Quiz 3 Study Guide ANSWER KEY
... f) What geologic activity would you expect to find along the Aleutian Islands? Earthquakes and volcanoes! They usually exist along plate boundaries where there is a lot tectonic activity (the “Ring of Fire” surrounds the Pacific plate and is characterized by lots of volcanoes and earthquakes) g) Are ...
... f) What geologic activity would you expect to find along the Aleutian Islands? Earthquakes and volcanoes! They usually exist along plate boundaries where there is a lot tectonic activity (the “Ring of Fire” surrounds the Pacific plate and is characterized by lots of volcanoes and earthquakes) g) Are ...
Plate motions, slab dynamics and back
... a dominant Fup force and a trench that strictly follows the upper plate (Vt = Vup ). Between these two end-member cases, subduction zones get “partly anchored slabs”. Deformation rates and trench velocities are a function of anchoring-force efficiency and verify Vup = Vt + Vd . To briefly summarize, ...
... a dominant Fup force and a trench that strictly follows the upper plate (Vt = Vup ). Between these two end-member cases, subduction zones get “partly anchored slabs”. Deformation rates and trench velocities are a function of anchoring-force efficiency and verify Vup = Vt + Vd . To briefly summarize, ...
The Ocean Planet - South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium
... organisms they support. Around the margins of some major ocean basins are semi-enclosed bodies of salt water, referred to as seas. The Pacific Ocean contains most of the water on earth, with about half of the earth’s water located in this one basin (Table 1). The Pacific Ocean not only contains the ...
... organisms they support. Around the margins of some major ocean basins are semi-enclosed bodies of salt water, referred to as seas. The Pacific Ocean contains most of the water on earth, with about half of the earth’s water located in this one basin (Table 1). The Pacific Ocean not only contains the ...
Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Chapter 7
... This profound reversal of scientific understanding has been appropriately described as a scientific revolution. The revolution began as a relatively straightforward proposal by Alfred Wegener, called continental drift. After many years of heated debate, Wegener’s hypothesis of drifting continents wa ...
... This profound reversal of scientific understanding has been appropriately described as a scientific revolution. The revolution began as a relatively straightforward proposal by Alfred Wegener, called continental drift. After many years of heated debate, Wegener’s hypothesis of drifting continents wa ...
An Introduction to Terrane Analysis in the Western North American
... and related terranes shift SE as Atlantic and Proto-Caribbean expand; transform fault and oblique rift systems developed along waning continental arc (McCoy-Bisbee; Mojave-Sonoran megashear); early Franciscan mÈlange formed farther outboard Nutzotin Ocean between northern Wrangellia and North Americ ...
... and related terranes shift SE as Atlantic and Proto-Caribbean expand; transform fault and oblique rift systems developed along waning continental arc (McCoy-Bisbee; Mojave-Sonoran megashear); early Franciscan mÈlange formed farther outboard Nutzotin Ocean between northern Wrangellia and North Americ ...
19B Plate Tectonics
... like under a body of water like the ocean. 2. Find examples of the following features on your bathymetric map: mid-ocean ridges, rises, deep ocean trenches, and mountain ranges. List one example of each from your map in the second column of Table 1. 3. In the third column of Table 1, list which type ...
... like under a body of water like the ocean. 2. Find examples of the following features on your bathymetric map: mid-ocean ridges, rises, deep ocean trenches, and mountain ranges. List one example of each from your map in the second column of Table 1. 3. In the third column of Table 1, list which type ...
Record and Constraints of the Eastward Advance of the Caribbean
... (Figure 4). Near the Santa Marta–Bucaramanga fault, the structure of the Middle Magdalena Valley consists of a set of inverted Oligocene–Miocene basins located at the front of the Cordillera Central. Further to the north, only Miocene to Pleistocene fluvial–alluvial sediments are exposed on the surf ...
... (Figure 4). Near the Santa Marta–Bucaramanga fault, the structure of the Middle Magdalena Valley consists of a set of inverted Oligocene–Miocene basins located at the front of the Cordillera Central. Further to the north, only Miocene to Pleistocene fluvial–alluvial sediments are exposed on the surf ...
19B Plate Tectonics
... like under a body of water like the ocean. 2. Find examples of the following features on your bathymetric map: mid-ocean ridges, rises, deep ocean trenches, and mountain ranges. List one example of each from your map in the second column of Table 1. 3. In the third column of Table 1, list which type ...
... like under a body of water like the ocean. 2. Find examples of the following features on your bathymetric map: mid-ocean ridges, rises, deep ocean trenches, and mountain ranges. List one example of each from your map in the second column of Table 1. 3. In the third column of Table 1, list which type ...
The Ocean Bottom
... produced in place by chemical reactions in seawater or within the upper sediment Volcanogenic sediment produced from the ejections of volcanic eruptions Cosmogenic sediments produced from cosmic debris that constantly bombards the Earth ...
... produced in place by chemical reactions in seawater or within the upper sediment Volcanogenic sediment produced from the ejections of volcanic eruptions Cosmogenic sediments produced from cosmic debris that constantly bombards the Earth ...
Deep crustal structure along the Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone, Japan:
... Sea slab is subducted toward the northwest at a low-dip angle around Biwa Lake and that isolated earthquakes around Lake Biwa at a depth of approximately 40 km (Fig. 5(d)) occur within the subducted Philippine Sea slab. A highvelocity anomaly observed below the Moho in the northeastern half of regio ...
... Sea slab is subducted toward the northwest at a low-dip angle around Biwa Lake and that isolated earthquakes around Lake Biwa at a depth of approximately 40 km (Fig. 5(d)) occur within the subducted Philippine Sea slab. A highvelocity anomaly observed below the Moho in the northeastern half of regio ...
Chapter 20 – Mountain Building
... Elevations on the Crust • Elevations of the crust depend on the thickness of the crust. • Higher elevations (mountains) require thicker crust to support them. • A large mountain is held up by a large “root” of crust that extends into the mantle to support it. (p.525 Fig. 20-3) • This is all due to ...
... Elevations on the Crust • Elevations of the crust depend on the thickness of the crust. • Higher elevations (mountains) require thicker crust to support them. • A large mountain is held up by a large “root” of crust that extends into the mantle to support it. (p.525 Fig. 20-3) • This is all due to ...
a slab window vs. stalled slab
... is studied. Therefore, other lithospheric processes, like the rotation of crustal blocks and intraplate extension that have taken place since the conversion to the transform plate boundary, have been left out of consideration here. The dip of the plate boundary between the North America Plate and th ...
... is studied. Therefore, other lithospheric processes, like the rotation of crustal blocks and intraplate extension that have taken place since the conversion to the transform plate boundary, have been left out of consideration here. The dip of the plate boundary between the North America Plate and th ...
LOW RES
... thermal models that provide a framework for discussing the petrological and seismological processes that occur in subducting slabs (defined herein as the subducting sediments, ...
... thermal models that provide a framework for discussing the petrological and seismological processes that occur in subducting slabs (defined herein as the subducting sediments, ...
41. The Middle America Trench in the Geological Framework of
... The tectonic framework of the Middle America Trench is composite. In its northern part, the Trench runs along the North American continent (at the least, along Mexico up to the Guatemala Transverse Zone; at the most, up to the Honduras Platform). In this part the Trench is not related to the tectoni ...
... The tectonic framework of the Middle America Trench is composite. In its northern part, the Trench runs along the North American continent (at the least, along Mexico up to the Guatemala Transverse Zone; at the most, up to the Honduras Platform). In this part the Trench is not related to the tectoni ...
The subduction dichotomy of strong plates and weak
... first movement of the slabs is due to the slabs relaxing from the initial state and is characterized by a decrease in radii of curvature. The radii of curvature continue to decrease as the slabs descend through the upper mantle. During the initial period of relaxation from the initial condition, the ...
... first movement of the slabs is due to the slabs relaxing from the initial state and is characterized by a decrease in radii of curvature. The radii of curvature continue to decrease as the slabs descend through the upper mantle. During the initial period of relaxation from the initial condition, the ...
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants
... Vocabulary: collisional boundary, convergent boundary, crust, divergent boundary, earthquake, lithosphere, mantle, plate, plate tectonics, subduction zone, transform boundary, volcano Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Explain how convection currents allow the tectonic p ...
... Vocabulary: collisional boundary, convergent boundary, crust, divergent boundary, earthquake, lithosphere, mantle, plate, plate tectonics, subduction zone, transform boundary, volcano Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Explain how convection currents allow the tectonic p ...
0622932 COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NSF 02-011
... plates with mantle convection is poorly understood. The oceanic lithosphere provides an excellent laboratory to test hypotheses about plate tectonics and mantle dynamics because of the simple histories and geometries unfettered by multiple tectonic events. Yet as simple as the oceans are, they often ...
... plates with mantle convection is poorly understood. The oceanic lithosphere provides an excellent laboratory to test hypotheses about plate tectonics and mantle dynamics because of the simple histories and geometries unfettered by multiple tectonic events. Yet as simple as the oceans are, they often ...
The tectonic regime along the Andes: Present
... The analyses of the main parameters controlling the present Chile-type and Marianas-type tectonic settings developed along the eastern Pacific region show four different tectonic regimes: (1) a nearly neutral regime in the Oregon subduction zone; (2) major extensional regimes as the Nicaragua subduc ...
... The analyses of the main parameters controlling the present Chile-type and Marianas-type tectonic settings developed along the eastern Pacific region show four different tectonic regimes: (1) a nearly neutral regime in the Oregon subduction zone; (2) major extensional regimes as the Nicaragua subduc ...
Horizontal and Vertical Crustal Deformation profiles of a simple
... commercially available software ABAQUS/Standard (ABAQUS, 2011), which uses a Lagrangian formulation. This study does not make predictions for any real continental subduction zone, but it focuses on understanding the physical process involved in the transition from collision to subduction. For this r ...
... commercially available software ABAQUS/Standard (ABAQUS, 2011), which uses a Lagrangian formulation. This study does not make predictions for any real continental subduction zone, but it focuses on understanding the physical process involved in the transition from collision to subduction. For this r ...
Coupled and decoupled regimes of continental collision: Numerical
... 0012-821X/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
... 0012-821X/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...
4. The Relief of the Oceanic Basement and the Structure of the Front of
... The most striking feature in the seismic sections is the sequence of undeformed reflectors lying beneath the deformed zone (Chase and Bunce, 1969; Marlow et al., 1974; Peter and Westbrook, 1976). The top of this sequence has been interpreted as a décollement surface (Biju-Duval et al., 1978; Westbro ...
... The most striking feature in the seismic sections is the sequence of undeformed reflectors lying beneath the deformed zone (Chase and Bunce, 1969; Marlow et al., 1974; Peter and Westbrook, 1976). The top of this sequence has been interpreted as a décollement surface (Biju-Duval et al., 1978; Westbro ...
Continental Margin Deformation along the Andean Subduction zone
... velocity of the top of the subducting and of the overriding plates. In these approaches, input parameters such as plate convergence rate, temperature of the subducting slab, and shear heating all affect the vigor of mantle wedge corner flow (e.g. Molnar & England 1990; Peacock, 2000). Based on ob ...
... velocity of the top of the subducting and of the overriding plates. In these approaches, input parameters such as plate convergence rate, temperature of the subducting slab, and shear heating all affect the vigor of mantle wedge corner flow (e.g. Molnar & England 1990; Peacock, 2000). Based on ob ...
Diverging Plates: The Underlying Story
... up into the space created. As the mantle rises, the confining pressure is reduced; part of it melts, yielding a relatively low viscosity fluid. This can seep relatively quickly upwards into the crust where it solidifies as igneous rock. As rifting proceeds, seafloor spreading occurs and an up-wellin ...
... up into the space created. As the mantle rises, the confining pressure is reduced; part of it melts, yielding a relatively low viscosity fluid. This can seep relatively quickly upwards into the crust where it solidifies as igneous rock. As rifting proceeds, seafloor spreading occurs and an up-wellin ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.