Initiation of Subduction Zones as a Consequence
... postulated reactivation is attractive, materials on both sides of a ridge or transform should be broadly similar as they are produced by similar processes in similar environments. Hence, it is unlikely that compositional buoyancy contrast across these weak zones would develop throughout their evolut ...
... postulated reactivation is attractive, materials on both sides of a ridge or transform should be broadly similar as they are produced by similar processes in similar environments. Hence, it is unlikely that compositional buoyancy contrast across these weak zones would develop throughout their evolut ...
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... our feet seems still. It’s an illusion, of course: Earth’s tectonic plates migrate across the surface at an average rate of 2 to 4 centimeters a year. Where two plates collide, one typically gets pushed into the mantle, a process known as subduction. Where plates are separating, as happens along the ...
... our feet seems still. It’s an illusion, of course: Earth’s tectonic plates migrate across the surface at an average rate of 2 to 4 centimeters a year. Where two plates collide, one typically gets pushed into the mantle, a process known as subduction. Where plates are separating, as happens along the ...
Plate Tectonics
... In sea-floor spreading, the sea floor spreads apart along both sides of a mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added. As a result, the ocean floors move like conveyor belts, carrying the continents along with them. ...
... In sea-floor spreading, the sea floor spreads apart along both sides of a mid-ocean ridge as new crust is added. As a result, the ocean floors move like conveyor belts, carrying the continents along with them. ...
Geodynamic evolution of the Earth over the Phanerozoic: Plate
... Stampfli and Borel (2004), the “dynamic plate boundaries” method then used to develop the model has been updated in the light of new studies and techniques. The model presented herein corresponds to the model developed at UNIL, and purchased by Neftex Petroleum Consultant Ltd. in January 2010; it is ...
... Stampfli and Borel (2004), the “dynamic plate boundaries” method then used to develop the model has been updated in the light of new studies and techniques. The model presented herein corresponds to the model developed at UNIL, and purchased by Neftex Petroleum Consultant Ltd. in January 2010; it is ...
Plate tectonics from space - Laboratoire de Géologie de l`Ecole
... scale summarizing the spectacular results of two decades of geodetic measurements pertinent to plate tectonics. Introduction Plate kinematics deals with the motion of tectonic plates at the surface of the Earth. These motions, although small at the human scale, are high enough at the geologic timesc ...
... scale summarizing the spectacular results of two decades of geodetic measurements pertinent to plate tectonics. Introduction Plate kinematics deals with the motion of tectonic plates at the surface of the Earth. These motions, although small at the human scale, are high enough at the geologic timesc ...
Water transportation from the subducting slab into the mantle
... However, if the temperature is above 650 °C at 30–90 km depths, subducting oceanic crust reaches the solidus temperature condition, causing the partial melting of amphibole-bearing metamorphosed oceanic crust. The released H2O dissolves in the melt; then the remaining subducting oceanic crust transf ...
... However, if the temperature is above 650 °C at 30–90 km depths, subducting oceanic crust reaches the solidus temperature condition, causing the partial melting of amphibole-bearing metamorphosed oceanic crust. The released H2O dissolves in the melt; then the remaining subducting oceanic crust transf ...
Oil+Gas_104nd Edition_January 2016
... rifted margins as large scale tilted fault blocks are not always clearly four major crustal types or domains that make up the margin: imaged. Instead, wide expanses of seaward dipping, often arcuate continental, magmatic, oceanic and oceanic plateau. Magma-rich reflectors are observed (Figure 3). Pa ...
... rifted margins as large scale tilted fault blocks are not always clearly four major crustal types or domains that make up the margin: imaged. Instead, wide expanses of seaward dipping, often arcuate continental, magmatic, oceanic and oceanic plateau. Magma-rich reflectors are observed (Figure 3). Pa ...
Global Kinematics in the Deep Vs Shallow
... hotspot reference frame provides a very limited number of hot-lines and only the Pacific ones satisfy the requirements. Hotspots may have short (<15 Ma) or long (>50 Ma) time gap between their emplacement and the age of the oceanic crust on which they reside. A shorter time frame suggests a closer ...
... hotspot reference frame provides a very limited number of hot-lines and only the Pacific ones satisfy the requirements. Hotspots may have short (<15 Ma) or long (>50 Ma) time gap between their emplacement and the age of the oceanic crust on which they reside. A shorter time frame suggests a closer ...
A numerical investigation of continental collision styles
... Using upper-mantle-scale viscous–plastic numerical experiments, Pysklywec et al. (2000) showed that plate driving velocity is a primary controlling factor for the deformation style of a collision system. They found that RT-type of dripping is a dominant mechanism for slow systems, whereas stable sub ...
... Using upper-mantle-scale viscous–plastic numerical experiments, Pysklywec et al. (2000) showed that plate driving velocity is a primary controlling factor for the deformation style of a collision system. They found that RT-type of dripping is a dominant mechanism for slow systems, whereas stable sub ...
3.2PlateBoundaries
... (against each other). The graham cracker represents the thin but dense oceanic plate and the science textbook represents the thicker but less dense continental plate. Now you are ready to model a convergent plate boundary. 3. Slowly push the graham cracker and science textbook toward each other. Gen ...
... (against each other). The graham cracker represents the thin but dense oceanic plate and the science textbook represents the thicker but less dense continental plate. Now you are ready to model a convergent plate boundary. 3. Slowly push the graham cracker and science textbook toward each other. Gen ...
Plate Tectonics
... Sediments, primarily muds and the shells of tiny sea creatures, coat the seafloor. Sediment is thickest near the shore where it comes off the continents in rivers and on wind currents. Continental crust is made up of many different types of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The average co ...
... Sediments, primarily muds and the shells of tiny sea creatures, coat the seafloor. Sediment is thickest near the shore where it comes off the continents in rivers and on wind currents. Continental crust is made up of many different types of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The average co ...
Two-dimensional simulations of surface deformation caused by slab
... zone of weakness, for example, subduction of a spreading ridge or a transform fault. In a setting with subduction zone roll-back, retrograde motion of the subducted slab at depth is easiest when mantle material can flow around the slab (Dvorkin et al., 1993). This can, for example, be the case for a ...
... zone of weakness, for example, subduction of a spreading ridge or a transform fault. In a setting with subduction zone roll-back, retrograde motion of the subducted slab at depth is easiest when mantle material can flow around the slab (Dvorkin et al., 1993). This can, for example, be the case for a ...
PLATE TECTONICS SEAFLOOR SPREADING
... PLATE TECTONICS SEAFLOOR SPREADING MAKE A DIAGRAM TO IDENTIFY EVIDENCE FOR SEAFLOOR SPREADING. USE ARROWS TO SHOW THE DIRECTION OF SPREADING, AND INDICATE WHERE OLDER ROCK AND ...
... PLATE TECTONICS SEAFLOOR SPREADING MAKE A DIAGRAM TO IDENTIFY EVIDENCE FOR SEAFLOOR SPREADING. USE ARROWS TO SHOW THE DIRECTION OF SPREADING, AND INDICATE WHERE OLDER ROCK AND ...
Pace of tectonic modes on Venus and Earth and atmospheric Argon
... melting to the internal temperatures suggests a fair degree of sensitivity to the solidus used, and this is found to be the case. Experimental results suggest that the peridotite solidus follows a third-order polynomial, and such curved solidii have significantly lower temperatures at depth than the ...
... melting to the internal temperatures suggests a fair degree of sensitivity to the solidus used, and this is found to be the case. Experimental results suggest that the peridotite solidus follows a third-order polynomial, and such curved solidii have significantly lower temperatures at depth than the ...
![[1 pt] X.](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009707781_1-b3157da074470eeaa49ae4860cbb8b74-300x300.png)
[1 pt] X.
... [1 pt] The Pacific Plate is older. [1pt] The location of the trench indicates that the Pacific Plate is subducting under the North American plate. Also acceptable: Description of how trench location or land location shows which plate is more dense. [.5] This means that the crust underlying this part ...
... [1 pt] The Pacific Plate is older. [1pt] The location of the trench indicates that the Pacific Plate is subducting under the North American plate. Also acceptable: Description of how trench location or land location shows which plate is more dense. [.5] This means that the crust underlying this part ...
Seafloor Spreading
... 2. It is forced toward the surface of the crust along an ocean ridge. 3. the two sides of the ridge spread apart, the rising magma fills the gap that is created. 4. When the magma solidifies, new ocean floor is added to Earth’s surface. ...
... 2. It is forced toward the surface of the crust along an ocean ridge. 3. the two sides of the ridge spread apart, the rising magma fills the gap that is created. 4. When the magma solidifies, new ocean floor is added to Earth’s surface. ...
Earth Structure - Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics
... Oceanic crust can all be subdivided into the same distinct layers, worldwide. Continental crust is very heterogeneous, reflecting its complex history and the fact that different regions of continental crust formed in different ways. ...
... Oceanic crust can all be subdivided into the same distinct layers, worldwide. Continental crust is very heterogeneous, reflecting its complex history and the fact that different regions of continental crust formed in different ways. ...
Leveled Texts for Science: Earth and Space
... Plates can form convergent boundaries in one of three ways. Each type of convergent boundary has its own results. An ocean-ocean collision happens between two ocean plates. Right now, such a collision is causing the Mariana Trench. The fast-moving Pacific Plate is crashing into the Filipino Plate ...
... Plates can form convergent boundaries in one of three ways. Each type of convergent boundary has its own results. An ocean-ocean collision happens between two ocean plates. Right now, such a collision is causing the Mariana Trench. The fast-moving Pacific Plate is crashing into the Filipino Plate ...
Chapter 2 - Test Bank 1
... How could scientists ignore the overwhelming evidence that the continents could move over the face of the Earth? 4. Demonstrate the relationship between hot spots and surface volcanic chains with a piece of paper and a lighted match. As you move the paper over the match, a burn trace is left with th ...
... How could scientists ignore the overwhelming evidence that the continents could move over the face of the Earth? 4. Demonstrate the relationship between hot spots and surface volcanic chains with a piece of paper and a lighted match. As you move the paper over the match, a burn trace is left with th ...
IM_chapter2 Plate Tectonics
... How could scientists ignore the overwhelming evidence that the continents could move over the face of the Earth? 4. Demonstrate the relationship between hot spots and surface volcanic chains with a piece of paper and a lighted match. As you move the paper over the match, a burn trace is left with th ...
... How could scientists ignore the overwhelming evidence that the continents could move over the face of the Earth? 4. Demonstrate the relationship between hot spots and surface volcanic chains with a piece of paper and a lighted match. As you move the paper over the match, a burn trace is left with th ...
Preview Sample 2
... 5. The terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are relatively small, dense, and rocky worlds because solar winds from the nearby Sun expelled most of the superabundant (but very light) elements, hydrogen and helium. The gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) retained ...
... 5. The terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are relatively small, dense, and rocky worlds because solar winds from the nearby Sun expelled most of the superabundant (but very light) elements, hydrogen and helium. The gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) retained ...
A dynamic model of hot fingers in the mantle wedge in
... A striking characteristic of orogenic andesites and associated rocks within volcanic arcs of modest width is the consistent increase of their incompatible element concentrations, most notably K 2O, away from the plate boundary (Gill, 1981). Apparently, K2O is a more sensitive variable than total alk ...
... A striking characteristic of orogenic andesites and associated rocks within volcanic arcs of modest width is the consistent increase of their incompatible element concentrations, most notably K 2O, away from the plate boundary (Gill, 1981). Apparently, K2O is a more sensitive variable than total alk ...
The generation of plate tectonics from mantle convection. Earth and
... heavy) is a serious problem that we will discuss later. Nevertheless, the entire process of a plate cooling and sinking as a subducting slab rather exactly describes convective motion, in particular the evolution and fate of the convective top thermal boundary layer, which is the layer over which oc ...
... heavy) is a serious problem that we will discuss later. Nevertheless, the entire process of a plate cooling and sinking as a subducting slab rather exactly describes convective motion, in particular the evolution and fate of the convective top thermal boundary layer, which is the layer over which oc ...
Lithospheric Layering in the North American Craton
... and higher resolution than previously obtained, the crustal thickness and the depth to the Moho and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) throughout the Western U.S. Individual receiver functions have been converted to depth and laterally “migrated” to their conversion point using 3D P- and S-wav ...
... and higher resolution than previously obtained, the crustal thickness and the depth to the Moho and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) throughout the Western U.S. Individual receiver functions have been converted to depth and laterally “migrated” to their conversion point using 3D P- and S-wav ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.