Continental Margins and Ocean Basins - Cal State LA
... Extends from shelf break to rise Boundary between continental and oceanic crust Steeply sloping compared to shelf ...
... Extends from shelf break to rise Boundary between continental and oceanic crust Steeply sloping compared to shelf ...
Istostacy and Volcanism Reading
... or alternatively as granite. Oceanic crust, on the other hand, is basalt. Interestingly, the Hawai'ian Islands are made up of basalt, not granite. The reason for this will be discussed in a later lab. Now that we know that there are two types of crust, the question remains, why do the continents sit ...
... or alternatively as granite. Oceanic crust, on the other hand, is basalt. Interestingly, the Hawai'ian Islands are made up of basalt, not granite. The reason for this will be discussed in a later lab. Now that we know that there are two types of crust, the question remains, why do the continents sit ...
10.1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Lecture Outline Origin of
... At divergent boundaries, volcanic activity occurs where the plates pull apart. 1. Mantle rock rises to fill the gap between the plates 2. As the rock rises, decompression melting occurs. 3. This forms magma, which erupts along the axis of the spreading center. Spreading centers are located along mid ...
... At divergent boundaries, volcanic activity occurs where the plates pull apart. 1. Mantle rock rises to fill the gap between the plates 2. As the rock rises, decompression melting occurs. 3. This forms magma, which erupts along the axis of the spreading center. Spreading centers are located along mid ...
DESTRUCTIVE CONVERGENT PLATE MARGINS: SUBDUCTION
... What is the relative sense of movement between subducting and overriding plates? Subducting plate moves, over-riding plate stationary ...
... What is the relative sense of movement between subducting and overriding plates? Subducting plate moves, over-riding plate stationary ...
Study Guide ANSWERS
... Mesosphere – Strong lower part of the mantle, extends from the asthenosphere into the core Outer Core – Liquid layer that surrounds the inner core Inner Core – Solid, dense layer of the core ...
... Mesosphere – Strong lower part of the mantle, extends from the asthenosphere into the core Outer Core – Liquid layer that surrounds the inner core Inner Core – Solid, dense layer of the core ...
The Structure and Origin of the Ocean Basins The water Planet
... plate is subducted into the Earth, it is subjected to increased pressure and temperature. These conditions cause the plate materials to melt. This molten material moves upward through crustal fractures adjacent to the subduction zone and forms belts of volcanoes along the trench and above subducted ...
... plate is subducted into the Earth, it is subjected to increased pressure and temperature. These conditions cause the plate materials to melt. This molten material moves upward through crustal fractures adjacent to the subduction zone and forms belts of volcanoes along the trench and above subducted ...
Slide 1
... They extend into all of Earth’s oceans Some form the longest mountain ranges on Earth Some are longer that the Rockies in North America and longer that the Andes in South America ...
... They extend into all of Earth’s oceans Some form the longest mountain ranges on Earth Some are longer that the Rockies in North America and longer that the Andes in South America ...
Chapter 14 The Ocean Floor
... Seamounts and Guyots Seamounts the submerged volcanic peaks that dot ...
... Seamounts and Guyots Seamounts the submerged volcanic peaks that dot ...
Chapter 7-1 and 7-2 Review
... 11. What were the 2 huge continents called when Pangaea split about 180 million years ago? ___________________________ ...
... 11. What were the 2 huge continents called when Pangaea split about 180 million years ago? ___________________________ ...
Chapter 4
... 46)How does evidence from magnetic stripes support sea floor spreading? 47)Why do magnetic stripes match on each side of a ridge? 48)How does evidence from drilling samples support sea floor spreading? 49) What are deep-ocean trenches? 50)What is subduction? 51)What happens at deep ocean trenches? 5 ...
... 46)How does evidence from magnetic stripes support sea floor spreading? 47)Why do magnetic stripes match on each side of a ridge? 48)How does evidence from drilling samples support sea floor spreading? 49) What are deep-ocean trenches? 50)What is subduction? 51)What happens at deep ocean trenches? 5 ...
Study Guide 10
... p. Hot spot q. Mantle plume 2. Where is the Ring of Fire located? 3. Identify the three types of plate boundaries and explain how they are different. ...
... p. Hot spot q. Mantle plume 2. Where is the Ring of Fire located? 3. Identify the three types of plate boundaries and explain how they are different. ...
Plate Tectonics
... had once been joined together in a single landmass and have drifted apart since. Wegener named this supercontinent Pangaea. Wegener’s theory was rejected by scientists because he could not explain what force pushes or pulls continents. ...
... had once been joined together in a single landmass and have drifted apart since. Wegener named this supercontinent Pangaea. Wegener’s theory was rejected by scientists because he could not explain what force pushes or pulls continents. ...
The Earth
... – Rock solidifies and takes on polarity of prevailing field – Matching patterns on each side of spreading center – Stripes of alternating polarity with increasing age and distance from the ridge axis – Reversal stripe in sea floor correlated with age-dated reversals on land – Youngest rocks at mid-o ...
... – Rock solidifies and takes on polarity of prevailing field – Matching patterns on each side of spreading center – Stripes of alternating polarity with increasing age and distance from the ridge axis – Reversal stripe in sea floor correlated with age-dated reversals on land – Youngest rocks at mid-o ...
Chapter 17 Notes Know the definition of each of these vocabulary
... All volcanoes are fueled by magma deep beneath the Earth’s surface which is a mixture of molten rock, mineral grains, and dissolved gases. Magma forms when temperatures are high enough to melt the rocks involved. Temperature increases with depth beneath the surface. The factors that affect the forma ...
... All volcanoes are fueled by magma deep beneath the Earth’s surface which is a mixture of molten rock, mineral grains, and dissolved gases. Magma forms when temperatures are high enough to melt the rocks involved. Temperature increases with depth beneath the surface. The factors that affect the forma ...
Plate Boundaries Lithospheric plates move as coherent units
... square kilometers of new seafloor. This mechanism has created the floor of the Atlantic Ocean during the past 160 million years and is appropriately called seafloor spreading. Because seafloor spreading is the dominant process associated with divergent boundaries, these zones are sometimes referred ...
... square kilometers of new seafloor. This mechanism has created the floor of the Atlantic Ocean during the past 160 million years and is appropriately called seafloor spreading. Because seafloor spreading is the dominant process associated with divergent boundaries, these zones are sometimes referred ...
1. Organismal Ecology Ways the individual meets
... What mountain ranges would be in the same locations in S. California? ...
... What mountain ranges would be in the same locations in S. California? ...
Lithosphere Part 2
... The ocean floor is not flat. It has well-pronounced mountain ridges running along the spreading plate boundaries. ...
... The ocean floor is not flat. It has well-pronounced mountain ridges running along the spreading plate boundaries. ...
Post Tectonic Quiz
... 3. Seafloor spreading explains how new seafloor forms at a mid- oceanic ridge. What discovery let to the theory of seafloor spreading? a. Older rocks are found farther away from the mid ocean ridge that younger rocks b. Fossils of similar plants were found on different continents c. Older rocks are ...
... 3. Seafloor spreading explains how new seafloor forms at a mid- oceanic ridge. What discovery let to the theory of seafloor spreading? a. Older rocks are found farther away from the mid ocean ridge that younger rocks b. Fossils of similar plants were found on different continents c. Older rocks are ...
Ch 4 Re User Friendly
... 43) On which side of a mid-ocean ridge does sea floor spreading occur? ...
... 43) On which side of a mid-ocean ridge does sea floor spreading occur? ...
GEOL 1080 I - Research at UVU
... 10. From where did the water of the oceans probably originally come? 11. What is the deepest into the oceans that any human has ever gone? When was this done? 12. How old and where is the oldest ocean crust on Earth? 13. From where did the water of the oceans probably originally come? 14. Draw a pic ...
... 10. From where did the water of the oceans probably originally come? 11. What is the deepest into the oceans that any human has ever gone? When was this done? 12. How old and where is the oldest ocean crust on Earth? 13. From where did the water of the oceans probably originally come? 14. Draw a pic ...
Review Around the Room Questions
... 19. What are the three types of convergent boundaries? 20. What is the thickest compositional layer of the Earth? 21. Mountains form at which convergent boundary? 22. The core is in what physical state(s)? 23. When two tectonic plates collide, what type of boundary is this? 24. What is sea floor sp ...
... 19. What are the three types of convergent boundaries? 20. What is the thickest compositional layer of the Earth? 21. Mountains form at which convergent boundary? 22. The core is in what physical state(s)? 23. When two tectonic plates collide, what type of boundary is this? 24. What is sea floor sp ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.