Sediment Deposition Supports Seafloor Spreading
... the deep oceans by drilling and coring. The seafloor is usually made up of a thick layer of sediment. The sediment is composed 1000 m of sand, silt, clay, and microfossils that drift down through the water. Microfossils are fossilized microscopic organisms. Common 1500 m types include nannofossils, ...
... the deep oceans by drilling and coring. The seafloor is usually made up of a thick layer of sediment. The sediment is composed 1000 m of sand, silt, clay, and microfossils that drift down through the water. Microfossils are fossilized microscopic organisms. Common 1500 m types include nannofossils, ...
floor features notes
... – Gently sloping region between continental slope and ocean basin – Formed by deposition of sediment from land brought by turbidity currents – Not found at active continental margins ...
... – Gently sloping region between continental slope and ocean basin – Formed by deposition of sediment from land brought by turbidity currents – Not found at active continental margins ...
WHAT`S UP WITH PLATE TECTONICS? Earth`s lithosphere is
... Earth’s lithosphere is broken into uneven pieces called plates. Earth has 6 major tectonic plates to be exact: the Eurasian, the African, the Indo-Australian, the Pacific, the North American, and the South American plates. These plates meet at boundaries. Along each boundary plates move in one of th ...
... Earth’s lithosphere is broken into uneven pieces called plates. Earth has 6 major tectonic plates to be exact: the Eurasian, the African, the Indo-Australian, the Pacific, the North American, and the South American plates. These plates meet at boundaries. Along each boundary plates move in one of th ...
Origin of Oceanic Islands
... of the Earth’s lithospheric plates Drifting continents have had a major impact on the distribution and evolution of animals and plants over the past 200+ million years. ...
... of the Earth’s lithospheric plates Drifting continents have had a major impact on the distribution and evolution of animals and plants over the past 200+ million years. ...
Mid-Ocean Ridges
... The Surface of the Earth 2 levels: – elevated continents – submerged ocean basins What causes these surface features? We must know what goes on inside the Earth ...
... The Surface of the Earth 2 levels: – elevated continents – submerged ocean basins What causes these surface features? We must know what goes on inside the Earth ...
Nonrenewable Resources and Energy
... together by internal forces. At most convergent plate boundaries, the oceanic lithosphere is carried downward under the island or continent. Earthquakes are common here. It also forms an ocean ridge or a mountain range. Convergent ...
... together by internal forces. At most convergent plate boundaries, the oceanic lithosphere is carried downward under the island or continent. Earthquakes are common here. It also forms an ocean ridge or a mountain range. Convergent ...
Practice Questions: Plate Tectonics
... 9. Which coastal area is most likely to experience a severe earthquake? A) B) C) D) ...
... 9. Which coastal area is most likely to experience a severe earthquake? A) B) C) D) ...
plate tectonics test
... Continental crust is always lighter. The long series of Peru-Chile Trenches off the west coast of South America is formed by the oceanic crust of the Nazca plate subducting beneath the continental crust of the South American plate. Ocean trenches can also be formed when two plates carrying oceanic c ...
... Continental crust is always lighter. The long series of Peru-Chile Trenches off the west coast of South America is formed by the oceanic crust of the Nazca plate subducting beneath the continental crust of the South American plate. Ocean trenches can also be formed when two plates carrying oceanic c ...
2013249 - Geological Society of America
... an established methodology (Müller et al., 2008a; Müller et al., 2008b) and propagated into errors of paleo-oceanic crustal area for 0-1 and 1-65 Myr-old crust, heat flow, residual heat flow, and fluid flux. Magnetic anomaly identifications were reconstructed to their conjugate ridge flanks for cons ...
... an established methodology (Müller et al., 2008a; Müller et al., 2008b) and propagated into errors of paleo-oceanic crustal area for 0-1 and 1-65 Myr-old crust, heat flow, residual heat flow, and fluid flux. Magnetic anomaly identifications were reconstructed to their conjugate ridge flanks for cons ...
Chapter 02
... E. oceanic crust. 8. Swirling motions of the liquid portion of the Earth’s molten core, the earth's magnetic field is thought to be caused by movements in which of the earth's layers? A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Oceanic crust D. Mantle E. Continental crust 9. The thinnest layer of the earth is th ...
... E. oceanic crust. 8. Swirling motions of the liquid portion of the Earth’s molten core, the earth's magnetic field is thought to be caused by movements in which of the earth's layers? A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Oceanic crust D. Mantle E. Continental crust 9. The thinnest layer of the earth is th ...
Topic 11A: Plate Tectonics, Part III Online Lecture: Types of
... ○ rising magma (lava) forces the plates apart ○ friction with the convection cells in the mantle drag the plates away from MOR ○ The higher density, cold side of the plate is pulling its end of the plate down. (“Slab Pull”) ...
... ○ rising magma (lava) forces the plates apart ○ friction with the convection cells in the mantle drag the plates away from MOR ○ The higher density, cold side of the plate is pulling its end of the plate down. (“Slab Pull”) ...
Date: Earth Science Reference Tables Practice 1. What kind of plate
... 3. Which geologic structure is represented by the double line separating the North American plate from the African and Eurasian plates? (1) Thick continental crust (2) Thick layers of sediment (3) A mid-ocean ridge (4) Gigantic igneous rock 4. Which feature is commonly formed at a plate boundary whe ...
... 3. Which geologic structure is represented by the double line separating the North American plate from the African and Eurasian plates? (1) Thick continental crust (2) Thick layers of sediment (3) A mid-ocean ridge (4) Gigantic igneous rock 4. Which feature is commonly formed at a plate boundary whe ...
Theory of Plate Tectonics
... and slides down the ridge, allowing more new hot molten material to flow out of the mid-ocean ridge. ...
... and slides down the ridge, allowing more new hot molten material to flow out of the mid-ocean ridge. ...
Chp. 19 Notes
... shelf and continental slope. Deep V shaped valleys often found at the mouths of major rivers . ...
... shelf and continental slope. Deep V shaped valleys often found at the mouths of major rivers . ...
Where in the World was Lystrosaurus
... 6. Which diagram represents plate movement associated with transform faults such as those causing California earthquakes? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D ...
... 6. Which diagram represents plate movement associated with transform faults such as those causing California earthquakes? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D ...
Plate Tectonics, Landforms and Earthquakes At Home
... Fact: Fossils from a mesasaurus (a fresh water reptile) have been found on both Africa and South America. Why does this suggest that at one point, the continents were all together? Answer: A mesasaurus would not have been able to swim from Africa to South America unless there was a river connecting ...
... Fact: Fossils from a mesasaurus (a fresh water reptile) have been found on both Africa and South America. Why does this suggest that at one point, the continents were all together? Answer: A mesasaurus would not have been able to swim from Africa to South America unless there was a river connecting ...
nonsequitur - Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
... that plates are perfectly rigid. However real plates do sometimes have internal plate deformation (e.g. Juan de Fuca) • (2) Triple Junctions (TJs) are places where 3 plates meet. Their kinematic and geometric evolution can be predicted from plate tectonics principles as long as the 3 plates maintain ...
... that plates are perfectly rigid. However real plates do sometimes have internal plate deformation (e.g. Juan de Fuca) • (2) Triple Junctions (TJs) are places where 3 plates meet. Their kinematic and geometric evolution can be predicted from plate tectonics principles as long as the 3 plates maintain ...
Detailed plate tectonics
... centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge crest. ...
... centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge crest. ...
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
... A. Many volcanoes form near the plate boundaries where the oceanic crust returns to the mantle. 1. Subduction causes slabs of oceanic crust to sink through a deep-ocean trench in the mantle. 2. The crust melts and forms magma, which rises back toward the surface. 3. When the magma from the melted cr ...
... A. Many volcanoes form near the plate boundaries where the oceanic crust returns to the mantle. 1. Subduction causes slabs of oceanic crust to sink through a deep-ocean trench in the mantle. 2. The crust melts and forms magma, which rises back toward the surface. 3. When the magma from the melted cr ...
Ch. 11 Coastal Ocean - Seattle Central College
... Using diagrams, differentiate between spreading centers and subduction zones; between divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries and transform plate boundaries. Give an example of each. ...
... Using diagrams, differentiate between spreading centers and subduction zones; between divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries and transform plate boundaries. Give an example of each. ...
Plate Tectonics
... properties of a solid but it can also flow A core – made of molten nickel and iron. Outer part is liquid and inner part is solid The average density of the Earth is much higher than the crust, so the inner core must be very dense ...
... properties of a solid but it can also flow A core – made of molten nickel and iron. Outer part is liquid and inner part is solid The average density of the Earth is much higher than the crust, so the inner core must be very dense ...
Chapter 17: Plate Tectonics
... b) diamonds and other similar minerals are found on east coast of S. America and the west coast of Africa 3. Evidence of past glaciers are found on both continents, indicating that both continents were at a different latitude at one time II. Spreading Centers A. Mid- Ocean Ridges 1. Areas where the ...
... b) diamonds and other similar minerals are found on east coast of S. America and the west coast of Africa 3. Evidence of past glaciers are found on both continents, indicating that both continents were at a different latitude at one time II. Spreading Centers A. Mid- Ocean Ridges 1. Areas where the ...
Activity 47: Spreading Plates
... changes, such as a wider valley and the formation of the first volcano. 3. a. In 1,000 years there will still be 7 continents because plates don’t move that far in 1,000 years. ...
... changes, such as a wider valley and the formation of the first volcano. 3. a. In 1,000 years there will still be 7 continents because plates don’t move that far in 1,000 years. ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.