Geological Controls on Seawater Composition
... Explain why the principal ions in seawater are sodium and chloride even though the principal ions in river water are calcium and bicarbonate. Why are ions like chloride and sulfate called “cyclic salts”? Sketch a graph of the concentration of a biologically utilized element vs. depth in the ocean. G ...
... Explain why the principal ions in seawater are sodium and chloride even though the principal ions in river water are calcium and bicarbonate. Why are ions like chloride and sulfate called “cyclic salts”? Sketch a graph of the concentration of a biologically utilized element vs. depth in the ocean. G ...
Doug - Cal State LA - Instructional Web Server
... Mechanism for Seafloor Spreading • Convection Currents – As heated magma rises, it moves away at spreading centers pulling plates apart – Plates slide over the asthenosphere – The upper mantle then cools and becomes more dense – sinking at ocean trenches ...
... Mechanism for Seafloor Spreading • Convection Currents – As heated magma rises, it moves away at spreading centers pulling plates apart – Plates slide over the asthenosphere – The upper mantle then cools and becomes more dense – sinking at ocean trenches ...
Unit 3: Plate Tectonics Slideshow REGENTS
... AUSTRALIA indicate that portions of these continents must have been CONNECTED in polar regions far from their present positions. ...
... AUSTRALIA indicate that portions of these continents must have been CONNECTED in polar regions far from their present positions. ...
Lecture 18.
... South America, Aleutian islands, Mariana islands, and the Japanese island arc): older, cooler, denser crust slips beneath less dense crust; strong quakes, deep trench forms in arc shape; subducted plate heats in upper mantle; magma rises to form curving chains of volcanic islands. Deep marine trench ...
... South America, Aleutian islands, Mariana islands, and the Japanese island arc): older, cooler, denser crust slips beneath less dense crust; strong quakes, deep trench forms in arc shape; subducted plate heats in upper mantle; magma rises to form curving chains of volcanic islands. Deep marine trench ...
Warm- up Question Summarize: What you know about Continental
... were a break in the crust, that allowed magma to well up and form new crust Proof came in the mid 1960’s from another group mapping world wide magnetic fields on land and sea ...
... were a break in the crust, that allowed magma to well up and form new crust Proof came in the mid 1960’s from another group mapping world wide magnetic fields on land and sea ...
Plate Tectonics fill
... a. On the human scale convection is slow. The hour hand of a clock moves 10,000 times faster (about the rate at which fingernails grow) b. However, this rate is geologically fast. It takes only 58 million year to move the bottom to the top of the mantle. 5. The Pattern of Mantle Flow is not complete ...
... a. On the human scale convection is slow. The hour hand of a clock moves 10,000 times faster (about the rate at which fingernails grow) b. However, this rate is geologically fast. It takes only 58 million year to move the bottom to the top of the mantle. 5. The Pattern of Mantle Flow is not complete ...
Plate Tectonics - cloudfront.net
... states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. The theory explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s Plates. » Map with boundaries » Plate tectonic video ...
... states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. The theory explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s Plates. » Map with boundaries » Plate tectonic video ...
Plate Tectonics - Cloudfront.net
... states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. The theory explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s Plates. » Map with boundaries » Plate tectonic video ...
... states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. The theory explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s Plates. » Map with boundaries » Plate tectonic video ...
Plate Margins
... Subduction zone: describes the whole area where subduction is taking place. Ocean Trench: is the deep valley formed in the ocean floor as the subducted plate bends. Benioff zone: zone of earthquakes set off by the solid lithospheric plate forcing it’s way through the mantle. Island Arc: An arc of is ...
... Subduction zone: describes the whole area where subduction is taking place. Ocean Trench: is the deep valley formed in the ocean floor as the subducted plate bends. Benioff zone: zone of earthquakes set off by the solid lithospheric plate forcing it’s way through the mantle. Island Arc: An arc of is ...
274 - CIESM
... The surveyed area demonstrated circulation dependent high patchiness in distribution of surface Chl a. The analyses of satellite measurements obtained from MODIS satellite show a drop in surface chlorophyll for 20%, from Feb 20th to Mar 3rd 2015. The phenomenon of the open sea vertical convection, k ...
... The surveyed area demonstrated circulation dependent high patchiness in distribution of surface Chl a. The analyses of satellite measurements obtained from MODIS satellite show a drop in surface chlorophyll for 20%, from Feb 20th to Mar 3rd 2015. The phenomenon of the open sea vertical convection, k ...
Plate Tectonics - NewPath Learning
... discoveries throughout the 20th century led to a completely new theory, known as plate tectonics. This theory was first proposed in the early 1960’s. As explained above, one piece of the theory is sea-floor spreading. This explains how oceanic crust is formed. Geologists explained the presence of de ...
... discoveries throughout the 20th century led to a completely new theory, known as plate tectonics. This theory was first proposed in the early 1960’s. As explained above, one piece of the theory is sea-floor spreading. This explains how oceanic crust is formed. Geologists explained the presence of de ...
Sedimentary Basins related to Volcanic Arcs
... floor subducts beneath ocean floor, and an island arc results, e.g. Lesser Antilles arc • or at the edge of a continent, where oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath continental lithosphere, and a continental margin magmatic arc forms, e.g. Andes ...
... floor subducts beneath ocean floor, and an island arc results, e.g. Lesser Antilles arc • or at the edge of a continent, where oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath continental lithosphere, and a continental margin magmatic arc forms, e.g. Andes ...
TB Chapter 13 - Discover Earth Science
... (continental continental) (C – C) - the two plates moving together are both continental crust plates • The collision causes the plates to form a single larger continent and the crust is ...
... (continental continental) (C – C) - the two plates moving together are both continental crust plates • The collision causes the plates to form a single larger continent and the crust is ...
Chapter 17 Plate Tectonics
... million years, researchers have made predictions about the world’s future geography. The results of those predictions are presented in the diagram below, which shows the configuration of the continents 50 million years from the present. The shaded areas of the diagram represent the present positions ...
... million years, researchers have made predictions about the world’s future geography. The results of those predictions are presented in the diagram below, which shows the configuration of the continents 50 million years from the present. The shaded areas of the diagram represent the present positions ...
Convergent boundary
... What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? • It states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in a slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. • As the plates move, they collide, pull apart, or grind past each other, producing spectacular changes in Earth’s surface. These changes ...
... What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? • It states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in a slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. • As the plates move, they collide, pull apart, or grind past each other, producing spectacular changes in Earth’s surface. These changes ...
Sea-Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics Project
... ❏ What are the pieces of evidence that support that sea-floor spreading is even happening in the first place (yes, this is where that wonderful understanding of Earth’s magnetic polarity comes in handy)? ❏ Why does our Earth have a magnetic field? The opposite of sea floor spreading is, of course, w ...
... ❏ What are the pieces of evidence that support that sea-floor spreading is even happening in the first place (yes, this is where that wonderful understanding of Earth’s magnetic polarity comes in handy)? ❏ Why does our Earth have a magnetic field? The opposite of sea floor spreading is, of course, w ...
PLATE MARGINS
... Transform Faults Transform faults are places where two plates of the Earth are sliding past each other. This type of fault arises because of the nature of long, divergent zones. Various forces cause divergent zones to become offset, rather than be one continuous rift zone. Transform faults are thos ...
... Transform Faults Transform faults are places where two plates of the Earth are sliding past each other. This type of fault arises because of the nature of long, divergent zones. Various forces cause divergent zones to become offset, rather than be one continuous rift zone. Transform faults are thos ...
Unit 7: The Ocean Floor
... The ocean basin, or floor, begins at the bottom of the continental slope. Many plains on the ocean basin are larger and flatter than any found on the Earth’s surface. They are called abyssal plains. Abyssal plains are formed by sediments deposited by turbidity currents and sediments continually fall ...
... The ocean basin, or floor, begins at the bottom of the continental slope. Many plains on the ocean basin are larger and flatter than any found on the Earth’s surface. They are called abyssal plains. Abyssal plains are formed by sediments deposited by turbidity currents and sediments continually fall ...
Chapt12RHS2014
... forms at the boundary between the two plates. – When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the continental plate usually rides up over the denser oceanic plate and pushes it down into the mantle in a process called subduction. – The area where this collision and subduction takes place ...
... forms at the boundary between the two plates. – When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the continental plate usually rides up over the denser oceanic plate and pushes it down into the mantle in a process called subduction. – The area where this collision and subduction takes place ...
Above: Cold-water corals in the Whittard Canyon, Celtic Margin
... interdisciplinary project co-ordinated by the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. Funded by the European Commission’s Framework 7 Programme, it follows on the from the highly successful FP6 HERMES project. HERMIONE sets out to investigate Europe’s deep-sea ecosystems in terms of their distrib ...
... interdisciplinary project co-ordinated by the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton. Funded by the European Commission’s Framework 7 Programme, it follows on the from the highly successful FP6 HERMES project. HERMIONE sets out to investigate Europe’s deep-sea ecosystems in terms of their distrib ...
Earth Science, 12e (Tarbuck/Lutgens)
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions ...
... B) two converging oceanic plates meeting head-on and piling up into a mid-ocean ridge C) a divergent boundary where the continental plate changes to an oceanic plate D) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions ...
Lecture 1b: Plate Tectonics: the Earth as a System
... • Where lithospheric plates are moving towards one another at their boundary, lithospheric area must be consumed. This is accomplished by subduction or thickening and delamination. ...
... • Where lithospheric plates are moving towards one another at their boundary, lithospheric area must be consumed. This is accomplished by subduction or thickening and delamination. ...
Chapter 9
... Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface Winds through all major oceans ...
... Over 70,000 kilometers (43,000 miles) in length Twenty-three percent of Earth’s surface Winds through all major oceans ...
Chapter 23 Vocabulary- The Ocean Floor Read each definition
... Hydrogenous sediments: Sea-floor sediments, such as manganese nodules, that form when chemical reactions cause minerals to crystallize from seawater. ...
... Hydrogenous sediments: Sea-floor sediments, such as manganese nodules, that form when chemical reactions cause minerals to crystallize from seawater. ...
ps 2-7-08 - elyceum-beta
... • Nothing is pushed down much, similar density • Build Mountains • Keep building as long as pushing occurs • No volcanos ...
... • Nothing is pushed down much, similar density • Build Mountains • Keep building as long as pushing occurs • No volcanos ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.